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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Expanders, diversifiers or downsizers? Identifying clusters of irrigators’ water trade and farm management strategies in Australia

    Zuo A.Wheeler S.A.Xu Y.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Australia, in particular the southern Murray-Darling Basin, has the most advanced water market in the world. However, there is still much to be understood as to how and why irrigators use the water market, and in what combination with other farm management strategies. This study used principal component analysis to identify five clusters of southern Murray-Darling Basin irrigators from a set of twenty possible farm and water strategies during 2015–16 (n = 977). Multinomial logit regression was then used to identify influences associated with each cluster. The five clusters of irrigators include those: expanding the farm (includes buying temporary water); expanding and diversifying (includes buying permanent water); downsizing (selling both temporary and permanent water); transitioning (switching away from irrigation to dryland); and saving (using carryover – water saved in storages for the following year). Around a third of irrigators can be classified as trying to expand the farm (the Expanders and the Expanders & Diversifiers); another third, of typically older irrigators, have lower levels of debt and excess water (the Savers); while a final third, who also tend to be older but also face financial and/or psychological stress, are placing more emphasis on dryland production (away from irrigation) or decreasing agricultural production altogether (the Transitioners and Downsizers). Higher long-term temperature of a farm area's location increased the probability of the irrigator being a downsizer, indicating a future trend of irrigation farm exit, given the predicted rise in temperature from climate change in the Murray-Darling Basin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of water use efficiency and optimal irrigation quantity of spring maize in Hetao Irrigation District using the Noah-MP Land Surface Model

    Huang Y.Li Y.Zhang Z.Li Z....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Hetao Irrigation District (HID), one of the main grain-producing areas in China, is facing the severe challenge of agricultural water shortages. Improving water use efficiency (WUE) is the most appropriate way to achieve sustainable agricultural development and obtain high returns. However, farmers knew little about efficient irrigation strategies for flood-irrigated fields in the HID. In this study, the Noah-MP Land Surface Model (LSM) with dynamic crop and irrigation schemes is used to jointly simulate the maize yield and irrigation amount in the HID from 2003 to 2012. A sensitivity test for ten sets of irrigation setup with different soil moisture (SM) triggering thresholds (CRI=0–1) is conducted, and the corresponding WUE and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) are evaluated and analyzed. In addition, irrigation at different crop growth stages affects total irrigation amounts and crop yield. The results show that under rain-fed conditions, the severe SM deficit during the growing season significantly decreases the maize yield in the HID, with almost no harvest in dry years. With traditional flood irrigation, the irrigation amount per unit area exceeds 1000 mm, leading to low WUE and IWUE, while more than 18–25% of irrigation water is wasted as runoff. With the increase of irrigation intensity, both WUE and IWUE show a significant diminishing marginal effect, usually occurring when SM is greater than 0.24–0.27 m3/m3. The optimal WUE is obtained near CRI= 0.6, while the worst WUE is obtained at CRI= 1. In a normal year, efficient irrigation amount is about 390–480 mm, 53–63% less than that in flood irrigation. In this scenario, most irrigation water becomes SM and transpiration, and less than 5% becomes runoff. With effective irrigation in the reproductive stage, only a small amount of irrigation is needed to promote yield formation. Fully considering the maize yield, WUE, ecosystems, and the available water resources in the HID, the recommended irrigation amount is about 600–650 mm to achieve the optimal maize yield and WUE.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Irrigated agriculture potential of Australia's northern territory inferred from spatial assessment of groundwater availability and crop evapotranspiration

    Hu K.X.Awange J.L.Kuhn M.Zerihun A....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Agricultural expansion has been a hot topic in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia in recent years. However, insufficient information on available water resources and crop evapotranspiration is a bottleneck to this expansion. Towards closing this gap, this study employs the newest Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS; version 2.2) catchment products assimilated from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE; hereafter called GLDAS-DA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith equation to spatially evaluate the Balance between water availability (i.e., groundwater and effective rainfall) and melons, maize and citrus crop evapotranspiration (water demand) of three representative (short-, medium-season and perennial) crop types over the NT for the 2010–2019 period. Specifically, this Balance is the estimated ratio of water availability and crop evapotranspiration, representing the crop area that can be planted in each GLDAS-DA grid cell. The larger the Balance, the greater the irrigated agriculture potential. Under the average 2010–2019 conditions, our results show that the northern part of the NT has the highest irrigated agriculture potentials with the average Balance of 9430 ha (15.7%), 5490 ha (9.1%) and 3520 ha (5.8%) for melons, maize and citrus, respectively, excluding non-agriculture areas. Irrigated agriculture in the central part of the NT shows less potential compared to the northern part of the NT, with the average Balance of 2780 ha (4.6%), 2000 ha (3.3%) and 970 ha (1.6%) for melons, maize and citrus, respectively (excluding non-agriculture areas). The southern part of the NT shows an average Balance below 1% of grid cell for all three crops, suggesting that only small-scale irrigated agriculture could be possible. In addition, the Balance across most of the northern and central parts of the NT decreased by 50% or more during 2019 dry period. Drought risk management should therefore be a serious consideration when exploring further expansion of irrigated agriculture in the NT.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The value generated by irrigation in the command areas of new agricultural dams in Africa

    D'Odorico P.Chiarelli D.D.Rulli M.C.Tatlhego M....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Recent years have seen continued investments in new irrigation dams across Africa, which have led to the emergence of new irrigated areas in their vicinity (or ‘command areas’). The ability to irrigate land that was previously only rainfed allows for an increase in crop production and is therefore associated with an increase in the value generated by agriculture. What is the value produced by irrigation in the command areas of new major African dams? Here we use crop water modeling under a variety of crop distribution scenarios to determine the increase in agricultural value induced by irrigation in the ‘command’ areas adjacent to the major irrigation dams. We use these estimates to determine the shadow price of irrigation water in these regions along with the increase in land value and land's economic productivity. We focus on dams built in Africa between 2000 and 2015, which are clustered in northern, east, and southern Africa. This study provides a framework to determine the economic benefits of irrigation dams and evaluate the increase in agricultural revenues resulting from access to water for irrigation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evapotranspiration estimation using a modified crop coefficient model in a rotated rice-winter wheat system

    Qiu R.Li L.Liu C.Wang Z....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Understanding the process of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and developing models for estimating ETc are crucial to efficiently schedule irrigation and enhance efficient water use. Here, we investigated variations of ETc and local crop coefficient (Kc = ETc / ETo, where ETo is the reference evapotranspiration) in a rotated flooded rice-winter wheat system using ETc data based on the Bowen-ratio energy balance method from 2016 to 2020. We propose a modified Kc model for estimating daily ETc, which includes a density coefficient (a function of fraction of canopy cover) and incorporates the effect of plant temperature constraint, leaf senescence, and water stress on ETc. Results indicated that the total ETc over whole growth stage for flooded rice and winter wheat field was 500.2 ± 62.5 and 298.6 ± 28.3 mm (means ± standard deviation), respectively. The values of local Kc at the initial, middle, and late stages were 0.83 ± 0.14, 1.11 ± 0.06, and 0.99 ± 0.15, respectively, for flooded rice and 0.71 ± 0.08, 0.86 ± 0.06, and 0.76 ± 0.08, respectively, for winter wheat. There was no water stress over the entire season of the flooded rice-winter wheat rotation system except for some days with water draining in paddy rice field. Heat stress in summer adversely affected the ETc of rice. The modified Kc model can well reproduce the values of daily ETc for both flooded rice and winter wheat, and improved the accuracy by 6~9% compared to the FAO 56 Kc model using tabulated values after adjustment. The regression coefficient, coefficient of determination, root mean squared error and modeling efficiency between measured ETc and estimated by the modified Kc model were 0.99, 0.89, 0.55 mm d?1 and 0.89, respectively, for flooded rice, and 1.03, 0.85, 0.55 mm d?1 and 0.82, respectively, for winter wheat. Therefore, the modified Kc model could reasonably predict ETc for flooded rice and winter wheat and can serve as a useful tool to improve water use.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparison of evapotranspiration upscaling methods from instantaneous to daytime scale for tea and wheat in southeast China

    Yan H.Yu J.Ma J.Zhao S....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Accurately converting instantaneous evapotranspiration (λETi) at satellite over-passing time into daily evapotranspiration (λETd) is a key issue of applying remotely sensed data to estimate regional evapotranspiration (λET) from remote sensing satellites, which plays an important role for effective water resource management. The scaling methods that take advantage of the relationship between λET and other environmental factors and can be used to convert λETi into λETd. In this study, five scaling methods of converting λETi into λETd, including the evaporative fraction method (Eva-f method), revised evaporative fraction method (R-Eva-f method), crop coefficient method (Kc-ET0 method), revised crop coefficient method (R-Kc-ET0 method) and direct canopy resistance method (Direct-rc method), were evaluated based on the detailed meteorological data measured from 2016 to 2018 in a tea field and 2018 to 2020 in a wheat field in southeast China. The estimated λETd was compared with the measured λETd by the Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) method. The results indicated that the Eva-f and R-Eva-f methods with the mean root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of efficiency (ε) equaled 9.02 W m?2 and 0.92; 12.06 W m?2 and 0.89, respectively, were superior to the Kc-ET0, R-Kc-ET0 and Direct-rc method; the Kc-ET0 method with the mean RMSE and ε equaled 20.62 W m?2 and 0.79 was also a good option for simulating the λETd of tea and wheat; while the R-Kc-ET0 method simulated the λETd well for the wheat with mean RMSE and ε equaled 36.29 W m?2 and 0.71, but significantly overestimated the tea λETd with the mean RMSE and ε values of 39.61 W m?2 and 0.59 for tea; the Direct-rc method overestimated λETd of tea and wheat for the most of intervals with the mean RMSE and ε of 39.58 W m?2 and 0.62, and was not recommended to use in the present study areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effect of soil type, fruit load and shaded area on ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) water use and crop coefficients

    Gould N.Snelgar P.Campbell D.Kaneko T....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022‘Hass’ avocado tree water use was quantified within orchards located in the three main avocado growing regions of New Zealand, from 2016 to 2019. The three regions, the Bay of Plenty, the Whangarei District and the Aupouri Peninsula in the Far North District, differ in climate and soil type (allophanic, clay, and sandy soils, respectively). At each site, local meteorological conditions were monitored, avocado tree water use was quantified using heat-pulse sap flow measurement, total leaf area was obtained periodically, fruit load was recorded at harvest, and shaded area was measured in mid-summer. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated by the FAO-56 Penman-Montieth equation was highest in January at 3.8 mm (Whangarei) to 4.3 mm (Bay of Plenty) and lowest in June at 0.7 mm (Bay of Plenty) to 0.8 mm (Whangarei and Far North). The three sites had similar patterns of tree water use relative to ETo, regardless of the differences in soil type, and tree water use was highest in January at 2.7 mm d?1 and lowest in June at 1.2–1.4 mm d?1. Across the three sites, individual tree water use was related to variation in tree spacing and leaf area per tree, but on an orchard area basis was influenced more by fruit load, resulting in variation in estimated crop coefficients (Kc) among individual trees and seasons at all sites. Average monthly Kc was similar across all sites with a value of 0.60–0.65 in mid-summer, as all three orchards were considered mature with fully grown canopies and > 75% orchard shaded area. However, tree water use also increased from light to heavy fruit load. Therefore, when irrigation is applied to avocado, Kc values should be adjusted for variation in fruit load, with a range from 0.50 to 0.85 in mid-summer.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nonlinear model predictive control of salinity and water level in polder networks: Case study of Lissertocht catchment

    Aydin B.E.van de Giesen N.Abraham E.Oude Essink G.H.P....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsA significant increase in surface water salinization in low-lying deltas is expected globally due to saline groundwater exfiltration driven by rising sea levels and decreasing freshwater availability. Sustaining fresh water-dependent agriculture in such areas will entail an increased demand for fresh water flushing. Unfortunately, the flushing of surface water is not operationally optimised and results in excessive use of scarce freshwater. To meet the increased demand for flushing, while minimizing the need for diverted freshwater, new operational designs are required. This paper presents a novel network model based approach that uses De Saint Venant (SV) and Advection Dispersion (AD) equations to optimize multiple objectives on water level and salinity control using a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC). The resulting NMPC problem is solved with a receding horizon implementation, where the nonlinear program (NLP) at each iteration is solved using state-of-the-art large scale interior point solver (IPOPT). We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and compare it to the traditional fixed flushing for a representative Dutch polder. Firstly, the approach is shown to be capable of controlling the water level and salinity level in the polder. Secondly, the results highlight that the network of canals, which were originally made for drainage, could not be made sufficiently fresh with current intake capacity. A simple design approach was used to identify appropriate new capacities for two of the gates that allow optimal flushing to guarantee the required water level and salinity constraints.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative evaluation of groundwater, wastewater and canal water for irrigation on toxic metal accumulation in soil and vegetable: Pollution load and health risk assessment

    ur Rahman M.H.Yu H.Chen F.Ma J....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Accumulation of toxic heavy metals (THMs) in the soil-water-plant can negatively affects regional eco-safety and poses a threat to agricultural productivity, ecosystem, animals, humans and plants. Additionally, THMs can enter human bodies through the food chain, leading to an increased incidence of chronic diseases such as deformity and cancer. Leafy vegetables irrigated with untreated as well as contaminated waters were usually abounded with heavy metals in high concentrations. These contaminated leafy green vegetables although very popular here, may cause threats to human health, since these are usually grown in sub-urban areas, by irrigations of the untreated contaminated waters (canal water, groundwater and waste water carrying many city effluents). In this study, we analysed and measured the levels of hazardous metals (Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Cu, Fe and Pb) found in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) at 3 different places of district Sargodha. Results revealed that the measured concentrations of Cd in water and spinach, and that of Pb in spinach were exceeding the standard permissible limits. High values of health quotient were found for Cr, Cd and Pb. The sequence of EC was recorded in ascending order as Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu >Fe in all the samples which were examined. The results of the study conclude, as the heavy metals are carcinogenic for human health, not only proper monitoring of soil and irrigation water should be made as well as such contaminated vegetables may be avoided.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of irrigation thresholds and temporal distribution on potato yield and water productivity in sandy soil

    Matteau J.-P.Celicourt P.Letourneau G.Gumiere T....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsWater productivity enhancement in farming systems is one of the most critical challenges facing the agricultural sector in the twenty-first century. Precision irrigation based on soil matric potential (SMP) measurements effectively enhances water productivity. However, the temporal effect of an SMP-based comfort zone on potato crops is lacking. This paper evaluates the temporal effect of a range of soil matric potential thresholds (namely, ?7, ?10, ?15, ?18, ?21, ?24, ?30, and ?45 kPa) in a sandy soil on the marketable yield and irrigation water productivity (WP) of potato grown in containers in a greenhouse with the Partial Least Square algorithm (PLS) and a mixed model. The results of this study suggest that a comfort zone maximizing potato yield is located between ? 10 and ? 24 kPa. The ? 24 kPa threshold generated the highest yield while reducing the irrigation water use up to 47% and generating the highest WP. The average yield in the comfort zone reached 496.4 g per plant, an increase of 88% over the lowest yield achieved at an SMP of –45 kPa. In addition, the leaf expansion and tuber initiation physiological stages are the most important periods where the daily SMP had the most influence on the marketable yield. This information will assist potato growers in maintaining high yields while optimizing their use of irrigation water.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier