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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Optimum planting configuration for alfalfa production with ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting in a semiarid region of China

    Wang Q.Zhang D.Zhou X.Mak-Mensah E....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Soil desiccation is a major challenge faced by subsistence farmers growing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) in consecutive cultivation in semiarid regions. We hypothesized that alfalfa fodder yield would increase with the length of growing season, growing degree-days, and rainfall. A field experiment was conducted on alfalfa production from 2012 to 2016 to 1) determine the response of fodder yield to rainfall, the length of growing season, and accumulated growing degree day (AGDD) in different growing-cutting stage (GCS)s; 2) obtain the suitable mulching material and the optimum ridge width for ridges with manually compacted soil (MCS), mulched with bio-degradable film (BF), and plastic film (PF). There were 10 treatments (3 ridge widths × 3 ridge-mulching materials + flat planting (FP) as control) with three replications laid in a randomized block design. The ratio of the first GCS to the second GCS in fodder yield ranged from 1.10 to 4.55, which was similar to the ratio of the first GCS to the third GCS in fodder yield ranged from 1.14 to 4.59, although rainfall, the length of growing season, and AGDD were different during the two or three GCSs. The highest fodder yield was obtained from the first GCS in one year and reached the highest level in the second growing year, and maintained a similar level in the subsequent years, although rainfall, the length of growing season, and AGDD varied during the five year periods. Fodder yield was affected by both the rainfall in the GCS and the available soil moisture prior to the GCS. Compared to FP, the increase of evapotranspiration for MCS, BF, and PF was 11, 61, and 63 mm, respectively. Fodder yield for BF and PF increased by 28% and 33%, respectively. Fodder yield for MCS maintained the same level as that for FP. Evapotranspiration increased and fodder yield decreased as ridge width increased. The optimum ridge width for MCS, BF, and PF was 29, 39, and 37 cm, respectively, across five years. Future study should focus on alfalfa-crop rotation to mitigate soil desiccation after alfalfa consecutively production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Responses of yield and water use efficiency to the interaction between water supply and plastic film mulch in winter wheat-summer fallow system

    Hu C.Yang X.Zhang S.Sadras V....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Plastic film mulch (FM) can significantly improve crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE), but the interaction between water supply (pre-sowing soil water, season) and FM has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, a four-year field experiment was conducted on the Loess Plateau of China to investigate the interactive effects of pre-sowing soil water, season, and mulch (FM and bare ground, CK) on winter wheat yield, water use, and WUE. The yield of wheat ranged from 1646 to 7955 kg ha?1, evapotranspiration (ET) was from 193 and 405 mm, and WUE varied from 8.5 to 19.9 kg ha?1 mm?1. In relation to bare ground, plastic mulch increased yield by 19% and WUE by 26%. The interaction between water supply and FM significantly affected ET, but not yield and WUE. Besides conserving more water, increases in yield and WUE under FM were ascribed to the increase in soil temperatures at 10–50 cm soil layers by 0.28–0.53 °C, on average, during the wheat-growing period, which promoted root growth, enhanced the use of soil water at deep layers, increased post-anthesis ET, and total ET, especially in average and dry seasons. Biodegradable films are needed to avoid the environmental impact of residual plastic mulch with current materials.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Remote sensing devices as key methods in the advanced turfgrass phenotyping under different water regimes

    Parra L.Mauri P.V.Marin J.Lloret J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Turfgrass phenotyping is a potential tool in different grass program breeding. The traditional methods for turfgrass drought phenotyping in field are time-consuming and labor-intensive. However, remote sensing techniques emerge as effective, rapid and easy approaches to optimize turfgrass selection under water stress. Remote sensing approaches are considerate as important strategies to select species of turfgrass tolerable to drought allowing green space sustainability and environment protection in regions with water limitation. Here we evaluated differences between six mixtures of C3-C4 turfgrass grown under two water regimes (limited and high irrigation). The performance of turf species was achieved using the green area (GA) vegetation index calculated from RGB (red green, blue) images obtained by ground camera and drone imagery, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the plant canopy temperature (CT) and soil moisture content (SM). Both vegetation (GA and NDVI) and water status (CT and SM) indices presented a significant difference in turfgrass growth under the two water regimes. Differences among turfgrass species were detected under limited and high irrigation using the vegetation indices. Both NDVI and GA allowed clear separation between drought-tolerant and susceptible turfgrass, as well as the identification of the mixtures with a rapid green regeneration after a period of limited irrigation. Moreover, the canopy temperature also discriminated between turfgrass species but only under limited irrigation, while soil moisture values did not differentiate between species. Furthermore, the regression and conceptual model using remote sensing parameters revealed the most adequate criteria to detect turfgrass variability under each growing condition. This study also highlights the usefulness of green area vegetation index derived from drone imagery. GA obtained by drone images in this study explained turfgrass variability better than that derived from ground RGB images or the NDVI.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Efficiency, valuation, and pricing of irrigation water in northeastern Tunisia

    Chebil A.Bennouna B.Soula R.Souissi A....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.This study examines the effects of irrigation water use efficiency improvements and citrus price fluctuations on water values in the tree production systems of northeastern Tunisia. It also aims to compare water values with the real price of water as currently paid by farmers and determine the optimal price. Cross-sectional data of a selected sample of 42 citrus farms located in the main producing region of this commodity was used for the analysis. To do so, we used the stochastic frontier production function approach. Empirical findings show that significant inefficiencies do exist in the studied sample of farms. Overall mean technical efficiency and water use efficiency are 78.4% and 44.3%, respectively. Based on these values, simulation analysis indicates that an improvement in water use efficiency combined with an increase in citrus prices could shift the water marginal value curve upwards, which will result in higher water valuation. Results also show that the current water price paid by farmers is much lower than the water value estimated at the level of “theoretical” citrus irrigation requirements. Application of higher irrigation water fees is definitely feasible for the studied production system, however, they need to be accompanied by increased incentives for water use efficiency in addition to better market integration of farmers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nocturnal transpiration in field crops: Implications for temporal aggregation and diurnal weighing of vapor pressure deficit

    Irmak S.Kukal M.S.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Daytime transpiration is driven by evaporative demand (vapor pressure deficit, VPD) and radiative energy, dominantly accounting for daily transpiration (T). Recent modeling approaches recommend weighing VPD for diurnal cycle of T using radiation to predict T, as opposed to using daily mean VPD. This proposition requires field evaluation so that diurnal patterns of water use are represented fairly. In this research, hourly T was measured concurrently for irrigated maize, sorghum, and soybean in a dry sub-humid climate. Various VPD conditioning approaches available to the user that differed in measurement frequency, spectral sampling, and weighing strategies were evaluated to explain variance in T. The locally derived radiation-based weighing coefficient (Frac) showed substantial variability with mean estimates of 0.61 (annual) and 0.58 (growing season), which were lower than the classically recommended Tanner-Sinclair coefficient (0.75). The use of a constant Frac value for weighing VPD was suboptimal to dynamic weighing of VPD for each day, accounting for day-to-day variability. This is primarily because of considerable nighttime water use: Tn demonstrated values that were 6–16% of T across the three crops. Tn was driven by wind speed and VPD during nighttime hours. These field observations of Tn hold implications for (un)suitability of radiation-based weighing procedures, which assume no Tn. Diurnally weighted VPD was suboptimal to using daily mean VPD, as the former does not account for dark period-VPD. Additionally, reference evapotranspiration (ETo), the standardized metric of crop water use was either negative or zero for nocturnal periods when Tn ≠ 0, and thus, failed to appropriately represent Tn. A variable of transpiration, based on daily mean VPD and total daily radiation, was the most effective in explaining T variance in all crops. With increasing asymmetry between daytime and nighttime warming and aridity, it becomes increasingly important to appropriately precondition VPD data to predict T. Caution should be exercised while using radiation-weighted VPD in crops, environments and seasons with non-negligible Tn.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evapotranspiration partitioning for winter wheat with shallow groundwater in the lower reach of the Yellow River Basin

    Lai J.Luo Y.Liu T.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Accurately partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) remains one of the key research gaps in agro-ecosystem water research. The interaction of shallow groundwater with winter wheat increased the complexity of ET partitioning. Here we proposed a cutting method to partition ET into soil evaporation (E) and transpiration (T). Field multiple lysimeter experiments under 4 different watertable conditions were conducted at the Yucheng Experimental Station to investigate the partitioning of ET for winter wheat under shallow groundwater. Results showed that the cutting method is applicable and could obtain reasonable ratio of T to ET for crop land of winter wheat. Moreover, the T/ET could be generalized into a curve for representing the ratio of T to ET (i.e. K=T/ET) at the mid- and late-season stages of winter wheat. The maximum value of generalized T/ET curve (Kmax) increased with the increase of groundwater table depth (DTW), and was 0.651, 0.768, 0.771 and 0.869 for the depth of 0.4 m, 0.7 m, 1.1 m and 1.5 m, respectively. The higher transpiration proportion corresponded to the higher yield of winter wheat, which indicated that increased groundwater depth was benefit to enhance the groundwater consumption by transpiration and hence yield when watertable depth was within 1.5 m. Moreover, the lower evaporation proportion might lower the soil salinization risk due to less soil evaporation. It is important for the understanding of the interaction between evapotranspiration components of crop with shallow groundwater and the sustainable management in the lower reach of the Yellow River Basin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparison of simulated nitrogen management strategies using DRAINMOD-DSSAT and RZWQM2

    Singh S.Cooke R.Bhattarai R.Negm L....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Agroecosystem models provide valuable insights into agricultural management decisions and can serve as a useful tool to quantify the effects of management practices under varying conditions where field experimentations are impractical. We evaluated a newly integrated comprehensive model, DRAINMOD-DSSAT, for hydrology, nitrogen (N) dynamics, and crop yield using eight years (1993–2000) of measured data from a no-tilled subsurface-drained, corn-soybean agricultural system near Danville, Illinois. The model satisfactorily predicted drainage flow and NO3-N losses with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the ratio of the root mean squared error to the standard deviation (RSR), and percent bias (PBIAS) of 0.68 and 0.60, 0.56 and 0.63, and ? 11.6% and ? 2.2%, respectively, and crop yield with nRMSE, PBIAS and index of agreement (d) of 8.4%, ? 0.6%, and 1, respectively. For the same experimental dataset, the performance comparison of DRAINMOD-DSSAT to Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) demonstrated that the two models were most different in their simulation of N loss through seepage and denitrification. Further, we used DRAINMOD-DSSAT to simulate the effects of management practices (N application rates and timings) on NO3-N losses and crop yield and compared them with RZWQM2 simulated results. The results showed that both models provided the same conclusion on the effects of N management strategy on NO3-N losses and crop yield, but they differ in quantity. This study supports being cautious in using only one model to conclude the quantification of the effectiveness of particular agricultural management practices.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Plastic film mulching affects field water balance components, grain yield, and water productivity of rainfed maize in the Loess Plateau, China: A synthetic analysis of multi-site observations

    Ding D.Wei Y.Siddique K.H.M.Wang N....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Plastic film mulching (PM) has been widely practiced for rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau, China. However, controversy remains regarding its impacts on field water balance components. There is also scant quantitative information on water-limited potential grain yield (GYw) and water productivity (WPw). A meta-analysis and boundary line analysis were conducted using 1421 paired observations extracted from 83 peer-reviewed publications to (1) assess PM-induced changes in soil water storage at planting (SWSP), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil water storage at harvest (SWSH), and (2) quantify GYw and WPw in PM fields. PM significantly increased SWSP by 4.0% on average due to an 83.2% average increase in precipitation storage during the fallow season. Overall, ET showed a significant positive response to PM (+2.9%), resulting in 56.4% more soil water depletion than no-mulching (NM) fields over the growing season. However, SWSH significantly increased by an average 1.8% after applying PM, indicating that increased storage of fallow season precipitation replenished increased depletion of growing season soil water. Averaged across all samples, PM had significant positive effects on GY (+56.1%) and WP (+47.5%), which were attributed to higher transpiration, ratio of transpiration to ET, and harvest index from the perspective of effective crop water use. Based on GY and WP boundary lines, GYw and WPw under NM were estimated to be 10,728 kg ha-1 and 26.8 kg ha-1 mm-1 on average, respectively, and the respective averages under PM were 13,702 kg ha-1 and 34.8 kg ha-1 mm-1. The GY and WP gaps (i.e., differences between actual and potential values) averaged around 3300 kg ha-1 and 7.0 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively, in NM and PM fields. In the GY versus ET and WP versus ET scatter plots, the vertical distances between the measured data points on a specific field and the corresponding boundary line indicated field-specific gaps for GY and WP. This study increases our understanding of the effect sizes of PM on field water balance components and the benchmarks of GY and WP for rainfed maize in the Chinese Loess Plateau and other regions with similar conditions worldwide.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of the optimized regulated deficit irrigation methodology on quality, profitability and sustainability of barley in water scarce areas

    Pardo J.J.Dominguez A.Lellis B.C.Montoya F....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsA three-year experiment (2015–2017) was conducted under the semiarid conditions of the Hydrogeological Unit Eastern Mancha (HUEM) (Spain), using the optimized regulated deficit irrigation for a limited amount of irrigation water (ORDIL) methodology on barley. Five irrigation treatments were performed during the experiment: no deficit (ND), 100% (T100), 90% (T90), 80% (T80), and 70% (T70) of barley net typical irrigation requirements (2500 m3 ha-1) in the area. The aim was to determine the effect of ORDIL: 1) on the quality of grain and malt; 2) on the profitability and use of water at farm scale; and 3) on the profitability and sustainability of the HUEM. Despite using less water, ORDIL treatments showed no significant differences in grain quality with respect to ND, while T80 achieved the highest economic water productivity (average 0.17 € m-3). Thus, by using T80 instead of ND and increasing the irrigated area of barley on the farm by 14%, it is possible to save up to 31% of water with the same profitability. This amount of water could be used for more profitable crops, increasing the profitability of the farm. The use of ORDIL at basin scale, using T80 instead of ND and increasing the cultivated area by 9%, could have saved up to 55.9 hm3 over the 3 experimental years (16% of annual extractions in the HUEM). Supplying this water to more profitable crops, the profitability of the basin could have increased by up to 44.4 M€. In the case of saving this amount of groundwater, piezometric levels would have risen, decreasing the pumping costs and improving the environmental conditions in the area. Consequently, applying ORDIL in low-profit crops, such as barley, and in water scarce areas, could improve the profitability and/or the sustainability of agricultural systems, maintaining the production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Yield, irrigation water productivity and nutrient uptake of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculated sesame under drought stress conditions

    Hamedani N.G.Bazrafshan F.Amiri B.Gholamhoseini M....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.According to yield evaluations performed in drought stress experiments, soil microorganisms have been considered sustainable solutions to reduce drought stress damage and enhance crop production in drought-prone regions. Thus, a two-year experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) root colonization by two mycorrhizal fungal species (i.e., Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae) under various irrigation regimes on nutrients uptake, grain yield, seed oil content and irrigation water productivity. The experiment was conducted at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, located in the semi-arid region of Iran, during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Drought stress was induced at moderate and severe water shortage levels through irrigation after 65% and 85% available water depletion, and irrigation after 45% available water depletion was regarded as normal irrigation (no stress). Despite drought stress, mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in higher grain yield and seed oil content than noninoculated sesame. F. mosseae-inoculated plants had remarkably higher grain yield under each irrigation treatment than R. intraradices-inoculated or noninoculated plants. Although leaves and seeds N percentage was reduced due to drought stress, it was enhanced by mycorrhizal fungi, especially when plants were inoculated with F. mosseae. Moreover, the F. mosseae-inoculated plants showed the greatest P percentage in the leaves and seeds. The results revealed that different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species have distinct effects on sesame performance even within the same genus. The results indicated that F. mosseae better supports sesame and is more effective under drought stress. Therefore, the use of this microorganism could be critical in the farming of sesame under semi-arid and arid conditions, where water is the main factor in determining crop yield.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier