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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Effects of irrigation water quality and NPK-fertigation levels on plant growth, yield and tuber size of potatoes in a sandy loam alluvial soil of semi-arid region of Indian Punjab

    Dhaliwal M.S.Garg N.Thaman S.Sharma V....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Management of saline water through desalination or blending with low salinity canal water may be a viable strategy for potato irrigation in semi-arid regions having saline ground water and scarce canal water. A 4-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of four water qualities [canal water (CW), desalinated water (DSW), saline ground water (GW) and mixed water (MW) (CW + GW)], three N-P-K-fertigation levels [F100 = 100% NPK (190, 28.4 and 53.9 kg ha?1 of N, P and K, respectively), F80 = 80% NPK and F60 = 60% NPK] and their interaction on the performance of two potato varieties grown in a sandy loam alluvial soil of semi-arid region. The electrical conductivity (EC) of CW, DSW, GW and MW ranged from 0.3 to 0.4, 0.2–0.3, 3.2–4.2 and 1.8–2.2 dS m?1, respectively. Drip irrigation with GW resulted in 21–44% reduction in total tuber yield compared with CW, however, the maximum reduction (54%) was observed in grade-A tuber yield that was accompanied by a considerable increase in grade-C tuber yield. Irrigation with MW increased total tuber yield by 9–37% compared with GW. Irrigation with DSW manifested a 41% and 14% increase in total tuber yield as compared with GW and MW, respectively. The tuber yield obtained with MW was comparable with DSW up to soil EC1:2 of 0.65 dS m?1, and beyond that level, DSW was observed to be superior. The variety ‘Kufri Surya’ had slight yield advantage over ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ when CW, DSW and MW were used, however, yields of both varieties were statistically at par under GW irrigation. The variety ‘Kufri Jyoti’ exhibited a 13–22% yield advantage over ‘Kufri Surya’ for all irrigation water qualities. Plant growth and yield attributing parameters were the highest at F100 which declined progressively with a decrease in fertigation level for all water qualities. However, these differences were narrow between GW and MW and moderate between CW and DSW. Therefore, in drip fertigated potatoes using saline or mixed water in a sandy loam soil, it is advocated to use 80% of recommended NPK without any loss in tuber yield and to reduce cost of cultivation & environmental pollution.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Development and application of DRAINMOD model for simulating crop yield and water conservation benefits of drainage water recycling

    Moursi H.Youssef M.A.Chescheir G.M.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Drainage water recycling (DWR) is an emerging practice that has the potential to increase crop yield and improve water quality. DWR involves capturing and storing subsurface drainage water and surface runoff in ponds or reservoirs, and using this water for supplemental irrigation during dry periods of the growing season. The main objective of this study was to enhance DRAINMOD model to simulate the hydrology and crop yield of DWR systems. The expanded model; named DRAINMOD-DWR, has a new module that conducts a water balance of the storage reservoir and simulates the interaction between the reservoir and the field, irrigated from and/or draining into the reservoir. The model predicts the long-term performance of DWR as affected by weather conditions, soil type, crop rotation, reservoir size, and irrigation and drainage management. Three performance metrics were defined based on model predictions to quantify irrigation, crop yield, and water capture benefits of DWR. To demonstrate the new features of the model, uncalibrated DRAINMOD-DWR was applied to a hypothetical DWR system with continuous corn using a 50-yr (1970–2019) weather record in Eastern North Carolina, U.S. Different reservoir sizes were simulated to demonstrate how the model can predict the effect of storage capacity on the system's performance. The model predicted that a 3.0-m deep reservoir with a surface area of 4% of the field area would optimize corn yield for the simulated conditions. The model application clearly demonstrated the DRAINMOD-DWR model's capability of optimizing the DWR system design to avoid under-sizing or over-sizing the storage reservoir, which reduces system's performance and increases implementation cost. Research is needed to test DRAINMOD-DWR using field measured data, and to develop routines for simulating the fate and transport of nutrients and sediment in the storage reservoir, which would enable the model to predict the water quality benefits of DWR.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The life cycle assessment of subsurface drainage performance under rice-canola cropping system

    Darzi-Naftchali A.Motevali A.Keikha M.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The life cycle assessment (LCA) concept is a widely used tool to assess the environmental aspects of any activity throughout its life cycle. This study is the first application of LCA for assessing the agro-environmental sustainability of subsurface drainage systems under rice-canola cropping rotation. The systems included D0.65L15, D0.65L30, and D0.9L30, consisting of two depths (D=0.65 and 0.9 m) and two spacing (L= 15 and 30 m) and a bi-level drainage system with alternate depths of 0.9 and 0.65 m with 15 m spacing (Bilevel). A paddy plot with conventional surface drainage and similar cropping system was considered as control (Control). Two water management strategies, including mid-season drainage (MSD) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), were practiced during rice-growing period. Free drainage (FD) was adopted during canola-growing period. Required field data were collected during 2011–2016, including four rice-canola-growing cycles (two MSD-FD cycles and two AWD-FD cycles). Using the LCA concept, the effectiveness of different drainage systems were assessed under the cycles of MSD-FD and AWD-FD. The AWD-FD system showed 7% less environmental impacts than MSD-FD. Also, AWD-FD reduced human health, climate change, and resource depletion indicators by 7.7%, 9.9%, and 8.4%, respectively, compared with MSD-FD, which improved the ecosystem quality index by 7.2%. The Bilevel, D0.9L30, D0.65L30, and D0.65L15 drainage systems, respectively, reduced the environmental impacts by 11.8%, 11.1%, 2.6%, and 5.9% under AWD-FD and 25.4%, 17.6%, 25.1%, and 14.1% under MSD-FD compared with Control. On average, Bilevel reduced the environmental impacts by 18.6% compared with the conventional surface drainage system. Based on the results, the LCA concept can be used as a suitable tool to evaluate the performance of subsurface drainage systems before implementation on a large scale.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The economic value of flood risk regulation by agroecosystems at semiarid areas

    Martinez-Garcia V.Alcon F.Martinez-Paz J.M.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsAgroecosystems are anthropized ecosystems that provide food and other benefits to society known as ecosystem services (ES). Among these services is the Ecosystem Service for Flood Regulation (ESFR). This regulation service has been scarcely studied in the scientific literature, which has mainly focused on factors such as land use patterns and intermediate indicators. This implies that key physical aspects that condition the development of floods and their impact on society have been ignored. The aim of this work is to develop a methodological proposal for accurate economic valuation of the ESFR provided by agroecosystems. To this end, the avoided damage method is used, carrying out hydrological and two-dimensional hydraulic modeling combined with cadastral cartography and a depth-damage function. The model thus constructed allows the quantification of the damage reduction associated with different levels of agroecosystem ESFR provision. The urban settlement composed mainly of the municipality of Los Alcázares, and also the Bahia Bella housing estate, from the municipality of Cartagena (Murcia, south-eastern Spain), is used as a case study, as it is located downstream of a predominantly agricultural area recurrently affected by floods. The results show that the value of the ESFR provided by the service-maximizing agroecosystem in the area, citrus crops, is 22.51 € ha-1 year-1 in the case study area, which is comparable with that of natural ecosystems. Furthermore, relationships were established between intermediate indicators and economic losses which, in addition to facilitating the valuation process, show a limit in the flood regulation provisioning of agroecosystems in the face of the most extreme events. This work shows the magnitude of the ESFR that can be provided by agriculture and enables its valuation in areas with similar characteristics. The information obtained can be incorporated into the decision-making process of land and risk management organizations, enabling them to rationalize agricultural spatial planning.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Changes in drought characteristics based on rainfall pattern drought index and the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble

    Samantaray A.K.Ramadas M.Panda R.K.
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Drought monitoring and understanding of spatiotemporal patterns of drought characteristics are beneficial for sustainable agricultural water management at a regional scale. Changes in rainfall and drought patterns in future could impact decision-making in water resources allocation. The impacts of potential climate change on future meteorological droughts could be better analysed by utilizing an index that incorporates the number of rainy days information in addition to magnitude of rainfall to characterize the drought severity. In this study, we propose a bivariate copula-based multi-scalar rainfall pattern drought index (RPDI), a variant of the popular standardized precipitation index (SPI), and then the drought characteristics in India based on RPDI and SPI at different time scales (3-, 6- and 12-months) are analysed. When compared to RPDI, SPI underestimated drought severity and indicated low spatial heterogeneity of drought characteristics. The RPDI analysis identified changes in average drought severity and total number of drought events between two sample time slices (1920–1960 and 1961–2000) in the historical period. Future RPDI drought characteristics based on the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-model ensemble under two emission scenarios known as shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs): SSP126 and SSP245 are then computed. When drought characteristics in the near future (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) periods are compared with their baseline period (1985–2014) values, the results show that a significant declining trend is likely in the total number of drought events over the study region, while increases are projected in the maximum drought duration and maximum drought severity in future. Long-term drought characteristics extracted using 12-months scale RPDI, are likely to intensify in future under both scenarios. Considering the effects of erratic rainfall pattern on agricultural productivity, the RPDI drought monitoring framework could be utilized for efficient agricultural water management in future.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Simulated irrigation water productivity and related profit effects in U.S. Southern High Plains cotton production

    Mauget S.Ulloa M.Mitchell-McCallister D.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022To explore management practices that increase irrigation water productivity (IWP) in U.S. Southern High Plains (SHP) cotton production, the CROPGRO-Cotton crop simulation model was used to evaluate the yield, IWP, and profit effects of irrigation amount and timing. Using 2005–2019 weather input data from 21 SHP weather stations, lint yields were simulated for each of the 315 station-years under unirrigated ‘dryland’ conditions and 18 increasing total irrigation (TIRR) levels. As TIRR was increased to 55.9 cm median lint yields asymptotically approached a maximum. However, irrigation above 35.6 cm increased the incidence of total irrigation plus growing season rainfall exceeding 100% of potential crop ET, leading to decreasing marginal yield effects and decreasing IWP. The highest median IWP (0.321 kg m?3) was found with both 33.0 and 35.6 cm of total irrigation, with 30.5 cm providing slightly lower IWP (0.320 kg m?3). In analyses of irrigated profitability under varying lint price and pumping cost conditions, 30.5 cm (12.0 in) of irrigation increases profits relative to dryland conditions under all but low lint price and high pumping cost conditions. But as TIRR is reduced the probability of these positive profit effects become similar to an evenly weighted coin flip at about 17.8 cm (7.0 in). Simulations that varied the timing of 30.5 cm of irrigation increased median IWP up to 0.434 kg m?3 by limiting irrigation to cotton's reproductive and maturation periods, with no irrigation during the initial vegetative period. As a result, these simulations show that applying 30.5–35.6 cm (12.0–14.0 in) of irrigation during cotton's reproductive and maturation phases, with little or no vegetative irrigation, maximizes IWP in SHP cotton production under current climate conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Crop water stress index computation approaches and their sensitivity to soil water dynamics

    Qiao X.Nakabuye H.N.Duan J.DeJonge K.C....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022There is a growing interest of using canopy temperature (Tc) based methods, including crop water stress index (CWSI), for irrigation management. However, different approaches exist to normalize Tc to microclimatic conditions, which can influence the accuracy and suitability of CWSI for irrigation scheduling. This study evaluated the performance of CWSI computation approaches and their sensitivity to changes in soil water depletion under different water stress levels. There were six different approaches – two empirical methods using developed lower baseline (i.e., CWSI-EB1, CWSI-EB2), two empirical methods using either artificial (CWSI-EA) or actual/natural (CWSI-EN) canopy reference surfaces, and two theoretical approaches which differ by how aerodynamic and canopy resistances are determined (CWSI-Th1, CWSI-Th2). Stationary infrared thermometers (IRTs) provided continuous Tc to calculate CWSI-EB, CWSI-Th, and CWSI-EN; whereas mobile IRTs and a thermal camera provided one-point-in-time Tc and temperatures of artificial canopy reference surfaces to calculate CWSI-EA. These measurements were all collected from full and deficit irrigated and rainfed maize plots in West Central Nebraska. Day-to-day variations within and across CWSI approaches were evident and their sensitivity to soil water depletion varied. Greater sensitivity and correlation strength to depletion (Dr,i) were observed with CWSI-Th and CWSI-EB under severe stress (i.e., Dr,i > 80%) at deeper soil depths of 1.8 and 2.1 m, producing r2 which ranged from 0.61 to 0.80 (slope: 0.03–0.05) and 0.69–0.79 (slope: 0.03–0.04), respectively. Observed differences in stress magnitudes among approaches and treatments, warrants a specific irrigation triggering threshold for each approach. Additionally, developing a robust index coupling both CWSI and soil water depletion is desirable to improve irrigation water management by accounting for both soil and plant water status.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Water conservation can reduce future water-energy-food-environment trade-offs in a medium-sized African river basin

    Siderius C.Conway D.Biemans H.Kashaigili J....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsThe need for achieving efficient and sustainable use of water resources is pressing, however, this often requires better understanding of the potential of water conservation, taking into account the impact on return flows, and the costs in relation to sectoral benefits. Using modelling and limited observational data we explore the costs and potential water savings of 24 combinations of water conservation measures in the Rufiji basin, Tanzania. We compare these costs with estimates of the value such water savings could generate from water use in three important economic sectors; agriculture, energy and downstream ecosystems with high tourism potential. The cost of water conservation measures (median: 0.07 USD m?3) is found to be: higher than the value of most uses of water for agriculture (growing crops in expanded irrigation sites) and the median value for hydropower generation (from a new mega dam currently under construction); and lower than the ecosystem value. Nevertheless, under our modelling assumptions, the volume of additional water required to supply planned irrigation expansion in the basin could be reduced by 1.5 BCM using water conservation methods that would be financially viable, given the value of competing uses of water. Water savings of this magnitude would reduce potential trade-offs between use of water for hydropower and ecosystem services, by allowing peak environmental flow releases even in dry years, and without reducing firm energy generation. This methodology is transferable and relevant for producing realistic assessments of the financial incentives for long-term sustainable water use in agriculture, given incentives for other uses. With most reservoirs now being built for multiple purposes improved understanding of trade-offs between different sectors and functions is needed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Changes in soil organic carbon stocks from reducing irrigation can be offset by applying organic fertilizer in the North China Plain

    Liu E.Sun D.Liu X.Mei X....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Elaborate water and fertilization management to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation is important in maintaining high agricultural productivity and a sound ecological environment. Here, a field experiment was conducted for eight years to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes and fertilizer types on SOC stocks and labile organic carbon concentrations (particulate organic carbon, POC; dissolved organic carbon, DOC; and microbial biomass carbon, MBC). The irrigation regimes were no irrigation (W0); presowing irrigation (W1); presowing and jointing irrigation (W2); and presowing, jointing, and anthesis irrigation (W3). The fertilizer types were no fertilizer (C0), mineral fertilizer only (C1), half mineral plus half cattle manure (C2), and cattle manure only (C3). Thus, sixteen treatments were created and laid out in a split block design with triplicates. Both irrigation and manure application distinctly enhanced SOC accumulation. POC, DOC, and MBC were mainly affected by manure application in surface soil (0–20 cm) and by irrigation in deep soil (40–60 cm). The interaction between irrigation and fertilization on SOC and labile organic carbon concentrations was not significant in the 0–60 cm soil layer. The SOC stocks and relative SOC sequestration rate increased with increasing irrigation and cattle manure inputs. There was no significant difference in SOC stocks between W2C2 (108.15 Mg C ha?1) and W3C1 (109.05 Mg C ha?1), as well as between W1C2 (90.25 Mg C ha?1) and W2C1 (87.07 Mg C ha?1), indicating that in W2 and W1, replacing half of the nitrogen with organic manure can result in equal SOC stocks caused by increasing irrigation under mineral fertilizer alone. This study emphasizes the important role that irrigation plays in SOC management and provides theoretical support to improve the SOC stock by reducing irrigation and applying cattle manure in the North China Plain.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Photosynthetic and growth characteristics of apple and soybean in an intercropping system under different mulch and irrigation regimes in the Loess Plateau of China

    Zheng C.Wang R.Zhou X.Li C....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The shortage of and intense competition for water and light are the main factors restricting the productivity of agroforestry systems in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi, China. The combination of soil mulch and irrigation in agroforestry systems can regulate the interspecific relationships and increase the productivity of the component crops. However, the effects of mulch and irrigation regimes on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the agroforestry system and its synergistic mechanisms are still unclear. A 3-year experiment with two factors, mulch and irrigation, was conducted to investigate the effects of different mulch practices and irrigation levels on the photosynthetic characteristics, growth indices, and interspecific relationships of a fruit tree-crop intercropping system. An apple–soybean intercropping system was selected as the research object, and two mulch types [straw mulch (M1) and plastic mulch (M2)] and four maximum irrigation levels [no irrigation (W0), 55% (W1), 70% (W2), and 85% (W3) field capacity (Fc)] were tested. No mulch together with no irrigation was the control treatment (CK). The results showed that there was no photosynthetic siesta phenomenon in the intercropping system, and the daily variations of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) were unimodal. The mean values for Pn, Tr, and leaf photosynthetic efficiency (PUE) of the apple and soybean under the M2 treatment were generally higher than under the M1 treatment, whereas Tr and PUE increased as the amount of irrigation increased. In 2017–2018, the maximum mean Pn values for both apple and soybean were observed under the M2W2 treatment, whereas in 2019, they were observed under the M2W3 treatment. The Pn, Tr, and leaf intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of soybean correlated positively with the distance from the trees, whereas PUE correlated negatively with it. Mulch and water replenishment increased apple shoot growth and the height, leaf area index, and yield of soybean, especially under plastic mulch. A principal components analysis found that the M2W2 treatment had the highest comprehensive benefits in 2017–2018, whereas in 2019, the highest were achieved with the M2W3 treatment. Therefore, to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency and yield of the apple–soybean intercropping system in the loess region of western Shanxi, we suggest a combination of plastic mulch and maximum irrigation of 70% Fc in normal years, but maximum irrigation should be increased to 85% Fc in dry years.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier