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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Climate change impacts on crop water productivity and net groundwater use under a double-cropping system with intensive irrigation in the Haihe River Basin, China

    Tan L.Feng P.Li B.Huang F....
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Facing the high possibility of future severe water resources scarcity, the Haihe River Basin in the North China Plain is an important region for climate change studies. This study employed an improved SWAT model with a Management Allowed Depletion (MAD) auto-irrigation method to assess the impacts of future climate change on water cycle and crop growth of irrigated winter wheat and summer maize in the Haihe River Basin, China. A total of 27 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) were used to drive the SWAT-MAD model to simulate crop growth and water balance components for two future periods of 2041–2070 (2050s) and 2071–2100 (2080s). Data from almost all GCMs showed an increase in annual mean maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, total precipitation, and solar radiation across the Haihe River Basin. Winter wheat yields increased by 15.6% (SSP245) and 16.3% (SSP585) by 2050s, and by 17.1% (SSP245) and 10.0% (SSP585) by 2080s, respectively. Summer maize yields increased by 8.9% (SSP245) and 9.6% (SSP585) by 2050s, and by 12.6% (SSP245) and 6.1% (SSP585) by 2080s, respectively. The change of leaf area index (LAI) indicated an advance in phenology of crops, which might be related to the increase in temperature. In the four future climate scenarios, precipitation, percolation, and surface runoff increased by 19.16–57.25 mm, 7.26–22.18 mm, and 1.45–4.87 mm during winter wheat growing season, 125.41–205.24 mm, 51.03–96.37 mm, and 33.97–68.69 mm during summer maize growing season. However, the irrigation amounts decreased by 18.82–83.74 mm and 35.71–50.92 mm during wheat and maize growing seasons, respectively. The annual Net Groundwater Use (NGU) decreased with time and the crop water productivity (CWP) increased in the future, which have positive effects on the sustainable development in this double-cropping system with intensive irrigation management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Improving the AquaCrop model to achieve direct simulation of evapotranspiration under nitrogen stress and joint simulation-optimization of irrigation and fertilizer schedules

    Wu H.Yue Q.Guo P.Xu X....
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Water and fertilizer management strategy profoundly influences crop yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency. In this study, a framework for joint simulation-optimization of irrigation and fertilizer schedules (JSOIFS) was established by coupling the improved AquaCrop model, W*N-Jensen model and multi-objective programming. Firstly, the AquaCrop model was modified to simulate evapotranspiration (ET) under nitrogen stress through introducing the concept of shoot actual, critical and minimal nitrogen concentration. The accuracy and applicability of the improved AquaCrop model to simulate ET were verified, taking seed maize of Shiyanghe River Basin as a case. On the basis, an optimization model with the objective of maximum yield calculated by W*N-Jensen model and water use efficiency was developed under the scenarios of different levels of available water and nitrogen, and initial soil mineral nitrogen content. Results showed that the improved model can simulate canopy cover (CC) and ET well with and without water stress. Meanwhile, the precision for CC, biomass, ET and yield of seed maize can be guaranteed when water and nitrogen stress coexist. It indicated that the improved model can be used for irrigation and fertilizer management. The optimal irrigation and fertilizer schedules pointed out that the irrigation and nitrogen application, and initial soil mineral nitrogen all have significant effects on yield. In low fertility soils, irrigation should be concentrated during tasseling stage and fertilization is as critical as irrigation. Conversely, in high fertility soils, irrigation should be dispersed throughout the growth period. Water and nitrogen use efficiency have been promoted compared with the status quo. The recommended water and nitrogen application for seed maize are 150–200 mm and 100–150 kg N/ha, respectively, in study area with the mean soil mineral nitrogen of 182 kg N/ha. The improvement of ET simulation performance of AquaCrop model under simultaneous stress of water and nitrogen provides convenience for achieving precise crop management. Meanwhile, the JSOIFS framework realizes the efficient irrigation and fertilizer schedules in arid areas, improves the resources use rate, and is equally applicable to other regions with the same goals.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of different filter media on emitter clogging using reclaimed effluents

    Duran-Ros M.Puig-Bargues J.Cufi S.Sole-Torres C....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Pressurized media filters are the most effective means of preventing emitter clogging when reclaimed effluents are used in drip irrigation systems. In these filters, water pollutants are retained in a granular bed, which needs to be replaced once its life span has been reached. Silica sand is the most common material used as a filtration bed, but the use of alternative materials which may improve filtration efficiency and reduce environmental impact, should be explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different granular media (silica sand and recycled glass) used in three filters with different underdrain designs (collector arms, inserted domes, and porous media) on emitter clogging. Experiments were carried out by filtering a reclaimed effluent for the duration of 1000 h for each filter and material. Four irrigation laterals 90 m in length with a 2.3 l/h pressure-compensating emitter placed every 0.40 m along the dripline were placed after each filter. Filter performances were continuously assessed while emitter discharges at 8 selected locations across the laterals were measured at the beginning, after 500 h, and at the end of the experiment. Filtration cycles lasted longer with recycled glass, but turbidity removal was affected by the combination of bed material and underdrain. Only after 1000 h of irrigation, was the discharge significantly lower for those emitters protected with porous underdrain using glass compared with sand. Emitter discharge was considerably reduced at the end of the lateral due to a higher number of completely clogged emitters at this location, but there were not significant differences between granular materials and filter designs. Overall, the results show that using recycled glass does not significantly increase emitter clogging compared with silica sand.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of waterlogging at different stages on growth and ear quality of waxy maize

    Wang H.Zheng H.Zhang W.Huang C....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022A waterlogging experiment under a rain shelter was used to investigate the response mechanism of waxy maize plant growth, ear yield, and quality to waterlogging at various growth stages. Waterlogging for 10 d were carried out at V6-VT (WV6-VT), VT-R1 (WVT-R1) and R1-R3 (WR1-R3) stages of waxy maize in lysimeters in 2019 and 2020 seasons, and non-waterlogging was used as control (CK). The results showed that waterlogging at V6-VT had the highest impact on waxy maize growth, fresh ear yield, and grain quality, followed by that at the VT-R1, and finally that at the R1-R3. During the waterlogging at V6-VT, the growth of waxy maize plants was accelerated, while the gas exchange parameters in leaves were decreased, however the plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and gas exchange parameters of the WV6-VT treatment were significantly lower than those of CK at R3. Compared with CK, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in leaves increased, whereas the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in leaves decreased. As a result, waxy maize ear length, grain number per ear, 100-grain weight, and fresh ear yield fell, and grain quality suffered as well. Total protein and soluble sugar content in grains decreased, but starch and lysine content in grains increased. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that when waterlogging for 10 d occurred in waxy maize, it was the first to alter maize growth and physiology, and then affecting grain quality. Waterlogging at V6-VT waxy maize were the most severe, followed by VT-R1 and R1-R3.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Multi-variable assimilation into a modified AquaCrop model for improved maize simulation without management or crop phenology information

    Sheffield J.Wei C.McCabe M.F.Lu Y....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Accurate crop modeling at the field-level is important for yield prediction and agricultural risk mitigation, but is often hindered by the lack of information on field management as well as crop phenology of different cultivars. This study aims to develop a data assimilation framework for field-level crop modeling without management or crop phenology information for potential remote sensing applications. To do this, we first present a Monte Carlo simulation-based approach to estimating planting date and quasi-calibrated phenological parameters. Second, a simplified fertility stress scheme is developed for the AquaCrop model. The aim here is not necessarily to improve the AquaCrop model but to facilitate ensemble simulation when the field-level fertility stress condition is unknown. Finally, in situ soil moisture, canopy cover and biomass measurements are assimilated into the model to estimate crop yield, with the potential for yield prediction also explored. The experiments were performed for a rainfed maize field over 9 growing seasons, with each using a different maize cultivar. Results suggest that the planting dates can be accurately estimated (RMSE = 7.1 days, MAE = 5.4 days), and that the simplified fertility stress scheme adequately approximates the biomass and yield estimates from the original AquaCrop model under different fertility stress conditions. Data assimilation improves yield estimation, with an RMSE of 0.97 Mg/ha compared to 2.14 Mg/ha from the no-assimilation case. Yield prediction experiments reveal that the method is able to predict yield within 15% of the observed values up to 3 months before harvest. The proposed methodology does not rely on field-based information (e.g., planting date, plant density, crop phenology, fertility condition), and illustrates the potential for field-level crop modeling and yield forecasting using remote sensing data.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Planning water-food-ecology nexus system under uncertainty: Tradeoffs and synergies in Central Asia

    Ma Y.Li Y.P.Zhang Y.F.Liu Y.R....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Vicious competition for limited water resources hinders the synergetic and sustainable development of Central Asian countries, which further threatens food security and exacerbates ecological degradation. In this study, a copula-based bi-level decentralized programming (CBDP) method is developed and applied to planning water-food-ecology (WFE) nexus system. CBDP has advantages in balancing tradeoffs between different decision levels, analyzing synergies among multiple managers and reflecting joint risks of interrelated uncertain parameters. Then, a CBDP-WFE model is formulated for Central Asia, where the upper-level model aims to maximize system benefit for the region (i.e. regional-scale), and the lower-level model involves five objectives to maximize five countries’ benefits (i.e. national-scale) respectively. Totally 108 scenarios are designed to analyze the impacts of joint constraint-violation risk, agricultural irrigation efficiency, and ecological water demand. Results reveal that (i) improving agricultural irrigation efficiency can optimize the water allocation pattern as well as increase the system benefit; (ii) in order to restore the regional eco-environment, the proportion of ecological water allocation should increase from 7% (of the current level) to 14.9–23.8% (by 2050); (iii) water allocations to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan should be properly controlled especially when available water is scarce. The results are helpful for managers in not only making decisions of water allocation among multiple users and countries but also gaining insight into synergetic management of WFE nexus under various system conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier