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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    The effect of source–sink on yield and water use of winter wheat under ridge-furrow with film mulching and nitrogen fertilization

    Fang H.Gu X.Chen P.Li Y....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching and nitrogen fertilization has been shown to improve soil conditions and plant growth, but it is still unclear how the above-mentioned agronomic practices regulate carbon assimilating (source) and carbon reservoir (sink) to increase winter wheat yield and water use. A field trial was conducted with planting patterns (flat planting with non-mulching (FP) and ridge-furrow with plastic film mulch (RP)) as main plots and N rates (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha–1, marked as N0, N1, N2, and N3, respectively) as sub-plots. The results showed that RP significantly increased soil water storage (SWS), soil temperature (except that at the milk and dough stages of the 2019–2020 season), net content of soil mineral N, and consumption of soil mineral N by 3.8%? 13.5%, 1.4–5 ℃, 7.2%? 197.9%, and 15.1%? 595.7%, respectively, but significantly decreased evapotranspiration during the growth stages (ETi), total ET (ETTotal) of 2019–2020, and WUE by 9.90%, 7.28%, and 11.52%, respectively, compared with FP. Nitrogen application significantly decreased SWS and soil temperature by 9.3%? 22.9% and 5.1%? 21.1%, but increased net content of soil mineral N, consumption of soil mineral N, ETi, ETTotal, and WUE by 45.9%? 512.4%, 15.0%? 22.0%, 6.0%? 50.3%, 8.98%? 25.32%, and 38.50–145.75%, respectively, compared with N0. Soil water storage at the anthesis, milk, and dough stages and soil temperature at the milk stage mainly increased the source and establishment of the initial reservoir, while the soil mineral N mainly optimized the source-sink balance in the middle and late period. However, leaf area and dry matter at anthesis, chlorophyll content at 18 days post-anthesis, and grain number, especially spike number, played decisive roles in increasing yield, while leaf area and dry matter at the milk stage, grain volume at 30 days post-anthesis, and especially the post-anthesis contribution rate for dry matter accumulation in grains, were the main limiting factors. Therefore, ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching combined with 180 kg N ha?1 could balance the source-sink, but it is necessary to study the ratio of ridge-furrow and sowing rate to achieve a high yield and WUE.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Optimized farmland mulching improves alfalfa yield and water use efficiency based on meta-analysis and regression analysis

    Jianxiong Y.Changkun Y.Minhua Y.Yanlin M....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a globally vital forage crop with abundant nutrition and high yield, is commonly planted in arid and semi-arid regions where water resources are scare, such as China. In order to adapt water limitation conditions, farmland mulching (FM) is gradually being applied in alfalfa production. However, the effects of FM on alfalfa in different climatic conditions and management practices should be investigated before concluding that it is universally effective. We performed a meta-analysis and regression analysis of 94 yield comparisons and 74 water use efficiency (WUE) comparisons from 19 peer-reviewed studies and founded that FM significantly increased alfalfa yield and WUE, on average by 38.5% and 43.7%, respectively, compared to non-mulching. However, the increase rate (IR) of yield and WUE varied with mulching type, region, management, and length of growth year. For yield, FM was more pronounced in Gansu, in regions with an average annual precipitation (AAP) of 400–600 mm, average annual temperature (AAT) < 0 °C, and altitude > 2000 mm, and with plastic film, all of the soil surface mulching, ridge–furrow planting, sowing rate (SR) < 20 kg ha–1 and nitrogen application rate (NAR) < 100 kg ha–1. Overall, AAP and altitude had significant positive effects on yield IR of mulching alfalfa, while AAT and SR had significant negative effects. The effects of these factors on yield IR varied across different quantiles. For WUE, FM was more beneficial in regions with AAP of 200–400 mm and AAT > 6 °C. Only SR had a significant negative effect on the WUE IR of mulching alfalfa as a whole, while the effects of AAP, AAT, and altitude were significant in some quantiles. Our findings confirm the benefits of FM to increase alfalfa yield and WUE in China, identify the conditions under which these results can be achieved, and also suggest that the benefits are site specific.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effectiveness of best management practices for non-point source agricultural water pollution control with changing climate – Lithuania's case

    Gudas M.Povilaitis A.Plunge S.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.This study aimed at the evaluation of the change in the effectiveness of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for agricultural pollution control in terms of reduction of nutrient loads to surface water bodies in Lithuania in the context of climate change (CC). The SWAT model was used by applying two CC representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), three time horizons (historical – 2000–2019, mid-century – 2040–2059, and end-century – 2080–2099), and five BMPs (arable land conversion to grasslands, reduced fertilization, no-till farming, catch-crops, and stubble fields throughout winter). The most effective (with the greatest nutrient reduction) BMPs include grasslands, stubble fields, and winter cover crops. No-plough farming and reduced fertilization BMPs appear to be the least effective ones. CC would increase the potential of reduced fertilization and conversion to grasslands BMPs up to 179% and 17%, respectively for total nitrogen (TN) reduction. Regarding total phosphorus (TP), the reduction potential would increase 226% for fertilization reduction, and remain approximate for grasslands (at median ?4%). Due to winter reduction of loads, no-plough stubble fields, and winter cover crops would decrease by as much as ? 50%, ? 12% and ? 26%, respectively for TN, and ? 30%, ? 11%, and ? 17%, respectively for TP, compared to the historical period. The greatest change would be recorded for the most extreme CC scenario (RCP8.5) and the longest time horizon (end-century). The effectiveness of BMPs (except for no-plough) for TN load reduction would increase more, and on average would become greater in agriculture dominated areas (of central-northern Lithuania) than elsewhere, although the maximum reduction values would occur in western (and in some cases eastern) Lithuania (except for reduced fertilization). This suggests the importance of the application of the measures in both areas. BMPs (except for grasslands) are expected to have relatively little effect on the overall crop yield.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Significant differences in agro-hydrological processes and water productivity between canal- and well-irrigated areas in an arid region

    Ren D.Gou J.Wu Z.Wang R....
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Understanding the agro-hydrological processes and water productivity of canal- and well-irrigated systems is vital for agricultural water management in arid regions. In this study, the Agro-Hydrological & chemical and Crop systems simulator (AHC) was used in a distributed manner to evaluate the agro-hydrological processes and to assess water productivity under the conditions of canal- and well-irrigated systems. With the Heji irrigation system (Heji) located in the arid upper Yellow River basin, Northwest China as the case study area, the AHC was calibrated and validated by the field observation data of 2018 and 2019. Then the model was used in a distributed manner for the entire Heji. Results showed that there were significant differences in the agro-hydrological processes and water productivity between canal- and well-irrigated areas. The spatially averaged actual evapotranspiration was larger in canal-irrigated areas, and the cumulative net bottom water and salt fluxes were mainly downward in well-irrigated areas. The applied water was used more efficiently with higher equivalent water productivity of water applied (EWPIP) in canal-irrigated areas. However, the total water consumption (evapotranspiration) was in higher efficient utilization with higher equivalent water productivity of water consumption (EWPET) in well-irrigated areas. These findings can provide implications for regional irrigation water management and salinity control in the arid areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Drip irrigation strategy for tomatoes grown in greenhouse on the basis of fuzzy Borda and K-means analysis method

    Zhu K.Zhao Y.Ma Y.Zhang Q....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To design a suitable drip irrigation strategies for tomato production, an experiment was laid out in a randomized complete-block design, six treatments, which completely combined with three drip irrigation frequencies and two drip times were carried out in 2020 and 2021 with the variety “Heshengfeilong” tomatoes in the greenhouse. Four single comprehensive evaluation methods: PCA, TOPSIS, MFA, and GRA were used to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality. Fuzzy Borda combined evaluation was performed on each comprehensive evaluation result that passed the pre-consistency test (Kendall-W). We found that MFA is the most suitable for evaluating the comprehensive fruit quality because its ranking results have the highest correlation coefficient with fuzzy Borda in 2020 and 2021, namely, 0.989 and 0.994, respectively. Total soluble solids (TSS) can be used as a single indicator representing the comprehensive fruit quality because it has a significant positive correlation with the comprehensive quality score in two years. The results of the TOPSIS evaluation of the TSS and the yield show that the optimal treatment in this experiment is for drip irrigation at 9:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, and 17:00. The K-means clustering algorithm was used to determine the change in moisture content corresponding to different temperature ranges and further determine the irrigation strategy, which is the drip irrigation frequency of 5 times/day, and the drip irrigation volume was obtained according to the change in moisture content. During the day (9:00–19:00), the change in the substrate moisture content is divided into three temperature ranges, namely, 5.90–23.98 °C, 23.98–37.42 °C, and 37.42–53.58 °C, corresponding to 0.44%/2 h (40 ml/2 h), 1.34%/2 h (121 ml/2 h), 2.26%/2 h (203 ml/2 h), respectively. During the night (19:00–9:00 the next day), the change in the substrate moisture content is 0.19%/2 h (17 ml/2 h).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ecohydrology of irrigated silage maize and alfalfa production systems in the upper midwest US

    Gamble J.Baker J.Dalzell B.Feyereisen G....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Increased reliance on maize silage as a primary dairy forage in place of perennial crops like alfalfa may result in tradeoffs with on-farm water balances and water quality. Our objective was to evaluate how modern dairy forage crop, manure, and irrigation management influence field-scale ecohydrology of silage maize and alfalfa production systems. This study utilized year-round measurements of precipitation, irrigation, evapotranspiration (ET), soil water storage, subsurface tile drainage, and drainage concentrations and loads of nitrate (NO3-N), dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total suspended solids (TSS) to calculate annual water balances, water-use efficiency, and water quality impacts of these crops. Mean annual ET (μ = 499 mm yr?1) and tile drainage (μ = 90 mm yr?1) were similar between crops, due in part to high variability, though cumulative drainage over three paired years was 326 mm for silage maize and 214 mm for alfalfa. Annual soil water storage was similar for alfalfa (25 ± 44 mm yr?1) and silage maize (27 ± 50 mm yr?1), and confidence bounds indicated water budgets were balanced. Inherent water use efficiency (IWUE*) was 70% greater for maize than alfalfa (30.8 versus 18.1 g C hPa kg H2O?1 d?1). Paired-watersheds analysis indicated alfalfa reduced NO3-N but increased DRP concentrations in drainage compared to silage maize. However, weekly loads of NO3-N and DRP were reduced by 72% and 33%, respectively, and annual TSS loads reduced by 37% with alfalfa compared to silage maize. Results highlight the value of alfalfa for managing on-farm water flows and water quality during critical periods of the year and suggest that increased usage of maize silage has facilitated gains in dairy productivity at the expense of water quality in the Upper Midwest US.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluating water-energy-food system of Yellow River basin based on type-2 fuzzy sets and Pressure-State-Response model

    Gu D.Guo J.Zuo Q.Yu L....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Water, energy and food security are the prerequisites for coping with intensified climate change, and also the guarantee for sustaining socio-economic development. This study aims to establish a “Pressure-State-Response” (PSR) model to evaluate the water-energy-food (WEF) system security and clarify the main factors affecting WEF development, system state and social response. In addition, the interval type-2 fuzzy sets and analytic hierarchy process are incorporated to address uncertainty in the importance weights of quantitative indicators. Scenario design, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Combinative Distance-based Asssessment (CODAS) methods are also adopted to carry out quantitative calculation and explore the key constraints of WEF system security in the nine provinces of the Yellow River basin from 2006 to 2019. Results show that the WEF system security in each province has been improved in 2006–2019 under different scenarios. In detail, the pressure of WEF system is decreasing in Gansu, Ningxia, and Shanxi province, which is due to the decrease in waste water emissions per person and energy consumption per unit of GDP. The state of WEF system in various provinces has also been improved year by year. The response of WEF system is increasing in all provinces except Shanxi. There is obvious spatial-temporal heterogeneity in different provinces, but the regional gaps are narrowing. These findings cannot only reflect the multi-element relationship from both human activities and environmental changes, but also deal with uncertain in WEF assessment system. The obtained results can provide scientific basis for decision-makers to formulate relevant policies and measures.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Sap velocity, transpiration and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated cotton in response to chemical topping and row spacing

    Wang X.Wang S.Ji C.Yang M....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Directly measuring plant transpiration of field crops and determining water use efficiency are difficult but essential to understand plant-water relations. In this study, we aimed to quantify plant transpiration and water use efficiency at diurnal and daily bases using sap flow measurements in cotton growing under plastic film cover and drip irrigation in relation to row configurations and chemical topping. Field experiment was carried out in 2020–2021 in Xinjiang, China. The experiment included two topping treatments: chemical topping using heavy amount of mepiquat chloride and traditional manual topping; and two typical row spacing for machine-harvesting: equal row spacing (76 cm) and narrow-wide row spacing (10 cm + 66 cm). Sap flow was measured using a heat ratio method after cotton first flowering stage and then calculated to transpiration per plant and per unit ground area. Chemical topping increased cotton plant height by 12%, leaf area index by 13%, and stem diameter by 9% but did not affect cotton lint yield compared with manual topping across two years and row configurations. The sap velocity of drip-irrigated cotton ranged overall from 20 to 45 cm hr?1 at the daytime and close to zero at nighttime. Across two years, the daily transpiration in chemical topping after flowering was 5.57 mm d?1 and 14.8% higher than in manual topping. That in narrow-wide row spacing was higher than in equal rows. However, the water use efficiency did not differ between topping and row spacing treatments, being 5.64 kg m?3 on average for aboveground dry matter. This knowledge would be useful to optimize cotton irrigation managements and to improve crop models by knowing exact plant transpiration at both plant and system levels.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ecological risk assessment of zinc metal in different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) irrigated with wastewater regimes: Assessing the public health risk

    Ma J.Ashraf M.A.Zafar A.Khan Z.I....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Concerns over water contamination have prompted a review of the hazards posed by waterborne contaminants. The use of wastewater irrigated wheat grains and the rate of water irrigation to the crops is a crucial aspect that includes comprehensive approach, covering both human and environmental health. Although, water usage enormously depends on spatial factor such as geographic location, but long term consumption of grains grown in contaminated soil may surpass permissible intake of essential elements. Therefore, this study was conducted in randomly selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan to assess the Zinc (Zn) content in water, soil and in various parts of cereal crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during two consecutive growing seasons. The present study estimated significant concentration of Zn range between 0.83 μg/l to 0.93 μg/l in various water regimes, which was minimum in groundwater. Therefore, highest Zn concentration in IWW irrigated soil was recorded during the second cropping season with value of 42.33 mg/kg, however, PLI and BAF were estimated less than 1. The Zn concentration in roots, shoot and grain was ranging in decreasing range of 30.70–35.99 mg/kg, 23.96–25–53 mg/kg and 3.32–7.49 mg/kg respectively. From current study we can conclude that, usage of wastewater in specific proportion to freshwater did not cause any harmful effects and therefore it's safe to reduce chemical fertilizer cost. However, further investigations are recommended to revealed physiological and molecular aspects.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Opportunities and spatial hotspots for irrigation expansion in Guatemala to support development goals in the food-energy-water nexus

    Leiva B.Fuentes G.Alfaro G.Wade C.M....
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsClimate change, growing populations, and increasing wealth are increasing demand for food, energy, and water. Additionally, water stress is expected to increase in the future in areas with high rates of seasonality of precipitation, due to increased variability in precipitation. One approach to limiting the impact of climate change on food system productions is through the intensive and extensive expansion of irrigated agriculture. This study develops a hydro-economic model to assess future agriculture production possibilities and the role of irrigation water in the Pacific Slope region of Guatemala, one of the most productive agricultural regions in the country. A range of future scenarios are presented to account for uncertainty around irrigation infrastructure expansion, future crop prices, incentives for production of biomass for bioenergy, and water availability and irrigation demand due to climate change. We find that current surface water irrigation infrastructure increases agricultural output by value in the region by about 5.3% compared to a fully rainfed system. Additionally, we show that with expanded irrigation infrastructure, agricultural output could increase by between 3.4% and 18.4% relative to current levels under current climate conditions, but the value of agricultural production could increase under climate change with projected output from current and expanded irrigation infrastructure resulting in an increase of 1.2–24.8% relative to current irrigation levels. We also present evidence that the marginal benefit from increased irrigation access to smallholder farmers is nearly equal to that received by large-scale industrial agricultural producers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier