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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Physiological insights on soybean response to drought

    Markulj Kulundzic, AntonelaJosipovic, AnaMatosa Kocar, MajaViljevac Vuletic, Marija...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：As most of the soybean in Europe is grown in rainfed conditions, climate aberrations are causing significant crop yield variability. To stabilise the yield and shift the sources of supply to European-grown soybean, stable and adaptable cultivars must be created by breeding. To better understand the mechanism of drought tolerance in specific germplasm, more knowledge needs to be acquired by research. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the physiological insights on soybean response to drought exposed plants (50% available water holding capacity) by monitoring the relative water content (RWC), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), pigments (Chl a and b), proteins and photosynthetic efficiency during five days in the pod stage. The decrease of RWC in both tested genotypes due to the drought effect, coupled with TBARS increase, indicates lipid peroxidation, which resulted in photosynthetic pigment and protein changes. Most of the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters suggested plants initiated a defence mechanism to water deficiency, i.e. there was an initial adjustment on the first and second day of drought exposed plants, followed by drastic changes in electron flow in photosystem II (PSII). According to the correlation analysis, the effect of drought was prevalent for Chl b, Chl a/b, relative variable fluorescence at 30 ms (VI), the density of reaction centres (RC/CS0), absorption, trapping, electron transport and dissipation flux per reaction centre (ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC and DI0/RC), plastoquinone at quinone A binding niche reducing RCs per PSII antenna chlorophylls (RC/ABS) and performance index (PIABS), meaning these parameters are good indicators of drought stress, that can facilitate the selection of genotypes and increase the efficiency of breeding programmes. Among tested materials, Korana had lower sensitivity to drought and smaller reduction of yield components than OS-211, indicating a better response of its defence mechanism to oxidative stress caused by lack of water. The methods tested and confirmed in this research could be used for screening large numbers of genotypes to determine in the soybean breeding programs aiming to select superior genotypes adaptable to weather changes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Stomatal conductance drives variations of yield and water use of maize under water and nitrogen stress

    Liao, QiDing, RishengDu, TaishengKang, Shaozhong...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Water and nitrogen (N) supply are the two main factors limiting crops productivity. However, physiological mechanisms of crop responses to water and nitrogen stress remain to be elucidated. We examined stomatal conductance (g(s)), water use (ET), yield, and water productivity (WPs) of maize and analyzed the relationships between g(s) with ET, growth and yield under three growth stage-based deficit irrigation (mild, moderate and severe) and two nitrogen supplies (high and low nitrogen). Drought reduced g(s) as exacerbated by nitrogen stress. Coordination of g(s) by soil water content (SWC) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was affected by nitrogen supply. Controlling of transpiration by stomata was intensified by nitrogen stress in drought conditions. Yield was indirectly driven by gs through ET and aboveground biomass and directly by harvest index, but excessive water consumption did not result in higher yield instead reduced WPc. Field management optimization based on g(s) can promote the efficient use of water and fertilizer and the sustainable development of agriculture.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of tillage and seasonal variation of rainfall on soil water content and root growth distribution of winter wheat under rainfed conditions of the Loess Plateau, China

    Zhao WeifengAnwar, SumeraDing PengchengHao Ruixuan...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Drought is the leading cause of low and unstable wheat yield in dryland. The field experiment was performed from 2009 to 2017 in the eastern part of Loess Plateau, China, to study the effect of tillage (deep ploughing, DP and no-tillage, NT) and seasonal variation in precipitation on soil moisture and root traits and grain yield of wheat. In dry seasons, soil water content, root length surface density (RLSD), and root diameter peaked at 60 cm depth, but in the normal/wet seasons, peaked at 40 cm depth. The reduction of RLSD at anthesis by drought was 44% under NT and 29% with DP, while the reduction in above-ground dry weight was 67% under NT and 56% under DP. More soil water was depleted from the deep soil layer (80-100 cm depth) than that in the shallow layer (20-60 cm depth) from jointing in the dry seasons, and from anthesis in the normal/wet seasons. The higher amount of effective in-seasonal rainfall in the dry seasons increased RLSD at anthesis by 44% with NT and 21% with DP and increased grain yield by 24.1% under NT and 14.2% under DP. The average grain yield in the dry seasons was 28-41% lower than in the normal/wet seasons. The average water use efficiency (WUE) in the dry seasons was 42-54% lower than that in the normal/wet seasons. WUE with DP was 32% higher than that with NT in the dry seasons, while it was 15% higher than that with NT in the normal/wet seasons. The average contribution rates of soil water content at sowing to grain yield under DP and NT were 23-25% in the dry seasons, and 52-53% in the normal/wet seasons. Thus, deep ploughing in summer fallow should be adopted for high water storage and yield stability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Making waves-Are water scarcity footprints of irrigated agricultural commodities suitable to inform consumer decisions?

    Perovic, David J.Roth, GuySimmons, Aaron T.
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fresh water is a limited global resource. Water scarcity footprints (WSF) have been developed to guide the choices of consumers and supply chains to reduce unsustainable fresh water consumption. The Available WAter REmaining (AWARE) method, which is the only method to have gained global consensus, assigns WSF for a commodity or product relative to the scarcity of water in the catchment in which production occurs. This results in products from water-stressed catchments that have a higher WSF than a similar product, using a comparable amount of water, in water-abundant catchments. The characterisation of water stress is developed using the WaterGap global hydrological model. Here, we use the Murray Darling Basin (MDB) to highlight how WaterGap does not reflect the impacts that legislation and infrastructure have on the relative volumes of water available for agriculture and the relationship between when (and where) water enters a catchment and when it is used for agriculture. Given that these issues are not unique to the MDB, it is likely that the AWARE WSF misrepresents the water stress experienced in other regulated catchments around the world. We conclude that for a WSF to be a useful indicator to guide consumer and supply chain decisions in supporting sustainable water consumption, it needs to reflect responsible management, such as setting aside water for the environment, placing caps on extractions, and the ability to hold water or transport water well beyond when and where it enters a catchment. Ultimately, WSF should also include a mechanism to assess burden shifting, especially if consumer or supply chain decisions were to mean that production moved to another catchment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of plant density, nitrogen rate and supplemental irrigation on photosynthesis, root growth, seed yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency of soybean under ridge-furrow plastic mulching

    Liao, ZhenqiZeng, HualiangFan, JunliangLai, Zhenlin...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The ridge-furrow plastic mulching system has been reported to increase crop yield and water-nitrogen use ef-ficiency in semi-arid and semi-humid regions, but the effects of plant density, nitrogen (N) rate and supplemental irrigation on chlorophyll, photosynthesis, root growth and seed yield of soybean under ridge-furrow plastic mulching are poorly understood. A two-year field experiment (2019 and 2020) was conducted on soybean in a split-split plot design, with two plant densities (D-16: 160,000 plants ha(-1); D-32: 320,000 plants ha(-1)) as main plots, two N rates (N-30: 30 kg N ha(-1); N-60: 60 kg N ha(-1)) as sub plots, and two irrigation levels (W-0: rainfed; W-30: supplemental irrigation of 30 mm at the flowering-podding stage) as sub-sub plots. The results showed that plant density, N rate and supplemental irrigation had significant effects on leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthesis, aboveground/root growth and seed yield. Increasing plant density enhanced leaf area index (LAI) by 31.9% and aboveground biomass (AGB) by 59.4%, seed yield by 27.4%, water use efficiency of seed yield (WUEs) by 27.9% and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) by 26.6%. Increasing N rate increased leaf chlorophyll content by 11.9% and photosynthetic rate by 5.5%, thereby increasing LAI by 11.5%, AGB by 10.3%, seed yield by 8.9% and WUEs by 8.2%. Supplemental irrigation increased chlorophyll content by 7.6% and photosynthetic rate by 3.7%, thereby increasing LAI by 4.7%, AGB by 11.0%, seed yield by 4.7% and NPFP by 4.0%, while supplemental irrigation only increased WUEs under D-32. Compared with D16N30W0, D32N60W30 enhanced seed yield by 44.0% and WUEs by 37.0%, but reduced NPFP by 28.8%. Compared with D32N30W30, D32N60W30 increased both seed yield and WUEs by 8.5%, but it reduced NPFP by 45.5% with 100% higher N input. LAI, AGB, WUEs, NPFP and some leaf physiological (EXC, Chl(a)/Chl(b), EWTleaf and L-s) and root (TRLD, TRVD and TRSD) indexes were closely related to soybean yield. This study provides a better understanding how plant density, N rate and supplemental irrigation improved soybean pro-ductivity and water-nitrogen use efficiency by regulating chlorophyll, photosynthesis and aboveground/root growth.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier