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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    A comparative evaluation of soil preferential flow of mulched drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang based on dyed image variability versus fractal characteristic parameter

    Chen R.Wang Z.Dhital Y.P.Zhang X....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Preferential flow in soil has a potential impact on the maintenance of the agricultural ecosystem. The aim of this study was to quantify and evaluate the characteristics of preferential flow in drip irrigation cotton fields in Xinjiang. We applied the dye tracer method, addressed the variability in stained images, collected soil samples in the excavated soil profile, and calculated the fractal parameters in four key growth stages of cotton in 2021. According to the dyeing mode, the dyed area ratio tended to keep decreasing from the soil surface; a down movement of points which drastically dropped to zero appeared at pace with the growth of the cotton (from ?10 cm to ?30 cm). Statistics obtained from the staining images showed that the preferential flow degree was highest at the boll opening stage; no significant difference in non-uniformity emerged from different treatments at the same growing stage (p > 0.05). Conversely, the fractal feature parameters in the active region model probed that the preferential flow degree was developed at the flowering & bolling stage in treatments with opaque oxidation-biodegradable film mulching (B,W), and at boll opening stage with plastic film mulching (P). During the same growth period, a significant difference (p < 0.05) existed between different groups. In comparison, the fractal feature parameter was found more adequate and effective in evaluating the characteristics of preferential flow in drip irrigation cotton fields. This research will provide practical information for the local department to adjust some agronomic measures to reduce the risk of low irrigation water utilization efficiency.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    An ICT-based decision support system for precision irrigation management in outdoor orange and greenhouse tomato crops

    Flores Cayuela C.M.Gonzalez Perea R.Camacho Poyato E.Montesinos P....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsThe digitalization of the agricultural sector through the implementation of cutting-edge technologies allows for the optimization of the use of water, whose scarcity has become one of the most relevant and complex environmental global problems. Water consumption data collected on site using different technologies is key to achieving optimal irrigation scheduling. Technology is also a useful tool that provides a real and transparent inventory of water use in irrigated crops. The water footprint obtained in accordance with ISO standard 14046 (using the Life Cycle Analysis methodology) and jointly with irrigation management information allows determining water use efficiency with great accuracy. This work presents a decision support system developed for precision irrigation management at farm scale called DSSPIM. The system provides a verifiable inventory of water use and an analysis/diagnosis of the adequacy of the irrigation performed using information and communication technologies (ICTs), as well as real-time knowledge of water inputs and outputs during crop development based on data received from water meters and soil moisture sensors installed in the field. Additionally, to achieve both purposes, a methodology is proposed to more accurately estimate rainwater use (green water) based on real measurements and the use of ICTs. The proposed methodology was applied during one season in two organic crops (greenhouse tomatoes and orange trees) located in southern Spain. The model allowed detecting inefficiencies in irrigation water use. A comparison between the actual management practices and the practices recommended by the DSSPIM underlines the importance of irrigation management in improving water use. In the case of orange trees, different irrigation system management scenarios were compared and showed that the application of controlled deficit irrigation strategies using DSSPIM can reduce irrigation water use by 20%.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Long-term multi-step ahead forecasting of root zone soil moisture in different climates: Novel ensemble-based complementary data-intelligent paradigms

    Jamei M.Karbasi M.Malik A.Kisi O....
    24页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The root zone soil moisture (RZSM) is essential for monitoring and forecasting agricultural, hydrological, and meteorological systems. Accordingly, researchers are determined to improve robust machine learning (ML) models to increase the accuracy of the RZSM predictions. This paper designed new complementary forecasting paradigms hybridizing Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) and two modern ensemble-based ML models, namely, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and categorical boosting (CatBoost), to forecast long-term multi-step ahead daily RZSM in very cold and very warm semi-arid regions of Iran. For this purpose, the required datasets consisting of soil properties and meteorological information were extracted from the satellite datasets during 2005–2020 for Ardabil and Minab sites. Afterward, the significant lags of RZSM time series and optimal influence candidate inputs were sought based on the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) and mutual information techniques, respectively. Selected lagged components of RZSM time series were decomposed using EWT into different sub-sequences and consequently concatenated with candidate inputs to feed the ensemble ML models to forecast one-, three-, and seven-day-ahead RZSM at each case study. The performance of EWT-CatBoost and EWT-XGBoost and their counterpart standalone approaches was firstly evaluated in forecasting one-, three-, and seven-day-ahead RZSM using satellite data in this study and their accuracy were compared with a standalone kernel ridge regression (KRR) and complementary EWT-KRR models based on several statistical metrics (e.g., correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE)) and diagnostic analysis. The outcomes of testing phase in Ardabil site ascertained that the EWT-CatBoost (for RZSM(t + 1), R= 0.9979, RMSE= 0.0019, and NSE= 0.9985; for RZSM(t + 3), R= 0.9934, RMSE= 0.0035, and NSE= 0.9885; for RZSM(t + 7), R= 0.9489, RMSE= 0.0109, and NSE= 0.8634) outperformed the other models. On the other hand, the EWT-XGBoost model according to its best results (for RZSM(t + 1), R= 0.9911, RMSE= 0.0064, and NSE= 0.9805; for RZSM(t + 3), R= 0.9807, RMSE= 0.0092, and NSE= 0.9589; for RZSM(t + 7), R= 0.9680, RMSE= 0.0120, and NSE= 0.9309) yielded the most promising accuracy in forecasting multi-step ahead daily RZSM followed by the EWT-CatBoost, and EWT-KRR, respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Environmental controls on water use efficiency in a hilly tea plantation in southeast China

    Pang J.Li H.Geng J.Zhang W....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Knowledge of water use efficiency (WUE) at the ecosystem level is imperative as it is a critical ecophysiological index reflecting the coupling processes between carbon sequestration and water consumption. However, the temporal patterns of WUE and their underlying regulating factors during different seasons in tea plantations, which are under intense pruning practice, remain poorly understood. Based on carbon and water vapor flux data obtained by the eddy covariance technique in a subtropical hilly tea plantation in southeast China during 2014–2018, this study analyzed the seasonal variations in gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and ecosystem WUE, and discussed the response of GPP, ET and WUE to environmental variables during different seasons. The results showed that the mean annual GPP, ET and WUE ranged from 1426.61 ~ 1896.05 g C m?2, 607.05 ~ 805.83 mm and 2.22 ~ 2.68 g C kg?1 H2O, respectively. At the daily time scale, GPP and ET responded significantly and positively to variations in air temperature (Ta), water vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and net radiation (Rn) in both the pruning season and late growing season, but daily WUE had a significantly negative response to variations in Ta, VPD and Rn. Rn was identified as the dominant factor in regulating GPP and ET during both the pruning season and late growing season, while the dominant factor controlling daily variations in WUE was VPD during the pruning season and Ta during the late growing season. Such results were mainly due to the divergent responses of carbon assimilation and water loss to different environmental variations and management strategies. These findings highlighted the importance of understanding the coupled processes between carbon assimilation and water loss in tea plantations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Behind the efficiency of border irrigation: Lesson learned in Northern Italy

    Masseroni D.Gangi F.Galli A.Ceriani R....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Border irrigation is one of the most ancient but, at the same time, still widely applied irrigation methods across the world. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of the method, the water volumes involved are often difficult to measure and this implies a large uncertainty in the estimation of water use efficiency. In this study, we analyze the results of an extensive monitoring campaign, which was carried out over the agricultural season 2021 and was aimed at detecting the actual performance of border irrigation in different experimental fields located in the Padana plain (i.e. the largest irrigated plain in the EU). In particular, three maize fields characterized by different soil textures, irrigation scheduling and rainfall conditions were considered. The number of irrigation events, their duration, and the water amounts applied were examined and compared with the actual crop water requirements assessed by using the AquaCrop-OS agro-hydrological model. The performance of border irrigation, evaluated through a water use efficiency indicator, was assessed for the monitored agricultural season, as well as simulated over the last 28 years (1993–2020) to detect potential effects of different weather conditions. The main results show that the flow rate applied during each irrigation event ranges from 11 to 18 l s?1 per unit width (m) of the irrigated strip, whereas the irrigation event duration varies between 80 and 130 min ha?1 and substantially reflects the irrigation flow rate and the plot slope, the latter being variable between 2‰ and 7‰. The water use efficiency is highly dependent on the irrigation management, namely the flowrate and the scheduling of the irrigation events, with a minimum value of 16% and a maximum of 56%. The same range of efficiency was obtained for the last 28 years, mainly as a consequence of the application of a rigid irrigation scheduling determined by the rotation period. These findings provide useful information for improving the management of border irrigation in practice, and, more specifically, to understand what margin of improvement can be obtained in terms of water use efficiency, both under current conditions and in view of future increasing freshwater scarcity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Optimal bed width for wheat following rice production with raised-bed planting in the Yangtze River Plain of China

    Du X.Wei Z.Kong L.Zhang L....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsWaterlogging is a major threat to wheat following rice production in the Yangtze River Plain, China, where the raised-bed planting (RBP) pattern is recommended to reduce yield losses from waterlogging. Furrows used in RBP allow drainage runoff, and beds serve as planting zones. However, the optimal bed widths for wheat following rice cultivation are unknown. To adopt the most effective RBP patterns, we evaluated the effects of bed width on the volumetric soil water content (VSWC), radiation use efficiency, yield and profitability among different RBP patterns during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 growing seasons. The experiment comprised six planting patterns: conventional flat planting (FP) and five RBP patterns with different bed widths (RBP60, RBP120, RBP180, RBP240 and RBP300). The results demonstrated that VSWC increased with increasing bed width and RBP decreased VSWC in the 0–10 cm soil layer, but VSWC did not significantly decrease when the beds were excessively wide. The improved soil conditions promoted wheat canopy development and the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR), which resulted in a significantly higher value of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) that eventually increased both grain yields and net revenue. The increase compared to FP was greatest for RBP180 and RBP240. There were tradeoffs between the positive growth-promoting effects and the negative effect of decreased planting area with RBP. Excessively wide beds reduced the advantages of water drainage, and excessively narrow bed widths reduced radiation resource capture. The optimal bed widths for wheat production on the Yangtze River Plain were 213.4–215.3 cm, 204.2–211.4 cm, 197.3–206.5 cm and 204.9–214.6 cm for IPAR, biomass, yield and economic benefits, respectively. Overall, RBP patterns with a 200.0-cm-bed and 25.0-cm-wide furrows are optimal for wheat after rice production under the current amount of rainfall in the Yangtze River Plain.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Development of subsurface drainage systems: Discharge – retention – recharge

    (Janine) de Wit J.A.(Ruud) Bartholomeus R.P.(Coen) Ritsema C.J.(Jos) van Dam J.C....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsSufficient freshwater is needed for water dependent sectors such as agriculture, nature, drinking water, and industry. However, even in low-lying, flood prone countries like the Netherlands, climate change, weather extremes, economic growth, urbanization, land subsidence and increased food production will make it more complex to guarantee sufficient freshwater for all sectors. Furthermore, the frequency and amplitude of extremely dry and wet weather conditions is expected to increase. The current Dutch water management system is not designed to anticipate these extremes. Over the last decades, drained Dutch agricultural fields, land consolidation and urbanization resulted in declining groundwater tables. Additionally, the fresh water demand of different sectors (agriculture, industry, drinking water) increased, causing an increased pressure on the regional groundwater system. As a consequence, the annual groundwater table in sandy soil areas dropped over time with the effect that, nowadays, fresh water is becoming scarce in dry periods. In this paper we provide insight in the shifting water management strategy in the Netherlands (1950–2020), with the corresponding drainage systems, developing from conventional drainage (approx. 1950–1990), to controlled drainage (1990’s onwards), climate adaptive drainage (2010 onwards) and subirrigation systems (2018 onwards). Furthermore, we provide insight in the effect of subirrigation on groundwater levels and crop yields, based on both international literature and measurements of Dutch field pilots. Although subirrigation can contribute to improved soil moisture conditions for crop growth on field scale, we show that the water volume needed for subirrigation can be large and could put a significant pressure on the available regional water sources. Therefore, efficient and responsible use of the available external water sources for subirrigation (e.g. surface water, treated waste water, or groundwater) is required. Finally, the implementation of controlled drainage with subirrigation asks for correct implementation in the regional balance: it requires an integral, catchment-wide approach.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Changing occurrence of crop water surplus or deficit and the impact of irrigation: An analysis highlighting consequences for rice production in Bangladesh

    Zhu X.Dunkerley D.Henley B.J.Mondol M.A.H....
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Disentangling the impacts of water deficit and lack of irrigation infrastructure on critical food supplies such as rice in countries like Bangladesh remains a challenge. In this paper, we explore this challenge using North Bengal as a case study site over 1979–2018. We characterise crop water surplus/deficit with meteorological and soil moisture data and analyse the coherence of these timeseries with rice production in the study region. We then examine the trends, periodicities and degree of coherence between crop water surplus/deficit, irrigation, and rice production. Our results indicate an almost constant water deficit during winter and maximum water deficits in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. Critically, crop water surplus shows a significantly decreasing trend since 1979 during the monsoon period. We find that the correlation between crop water surplus/deficit, while strongly correlated with meteorological drought, weakens over time. This is suggestive of the important role that irrigation development has played over this period. Although the severity and frequency of water deficits have increased during the study period, possibly as a result of climate change or variability, rice production has decoupled from this trend and is instead positively correlated with irrigation. Despite this encouraging finding, it is unknown if technological progress will continue and whether there will be sufficient extractable groundwater and surface water to meet increasing irrigation demand in the future. Our finding of a long-term increase in water deficit underscores the likely future challenges in these critical rice growing regions for the people of Bangladesh, should this trend continue. The future sufficient rice production in the region will likely rely on the availability of reliable and affordable fuel or electric power to operate irrigation systems and a proactive and vigilant approach to agricultural water security in a variable and changing climate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Development of RZ-SHAW for simulating plastic mulch effects on soil water, soil temperature, and surface energy balance in a maize field

    Chu X.He J.Wang N.Feng H....
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.A shortcoming of the RZ-SHAW model (A hybrid version of Root Zone Water Quality Model and The Simultaneous Heat and Water Model) is that it cannot simulate the plastic mulching technology which is widely used in arid areas. Our objectives in this study were to develop RZ-SHAW to include a new plastic module, and to evaluate the model's performance over three years of maize (Zea mays L.) production in China. A new plastic module was added to compute changes in the shortwave and longwave radiation transfer, turbulent heat and vapor transfer from the surface, and the energy and water balances in the system associated with a plastic mulch layer. The modified RZ-SHAW model can adequately simulate soil water (0.017 cm3 cm?3 ≤ RMSE ≤ 0.030 cm3 cm?3) and capture the evaporation reduction and transpiration increase under plastic mulch. The model overestimated the increased soil temperatures under plastic mulch (2.3 ℃ over the 100-cm profile) compared to the measured data (1.4 ℃). Overall, the revised RZ-SHAW model adequately simulated soil water and heat exchange under plastic mulch conditions. The modified RZ-SHAW model can be used as an effective decision tool for management optimization in plastic mulched cropland.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Integrated on-site & off-site rainwater-harvesting system boosts rainfed maize production for better adaptation to climate change

    Koskei K.Liu S.-T.Indoshi S.N.Wang W....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Solving the disparity between rainwater supply and crop water demand is a fundamental issue in semiarid rainfed agriculture. Over the last decades, the ridge-furrow-plastic-mulching (RFM) farming system has been widely used as an on-site (in-situ) rain-harvesting farming strategy, providing a partial solution to the supply-demand mismatch of rainwater. The off-site rain-harvesting system (ex-situ water cistern) for supplemental irrigation has been little used. We established an integrated ex-situ rain-harvesting system incorporated into maize RFM in a semiarid site of northwest China from 2018 to 2019. Five treatments were designed as: (1) CK-1, flat planting without mulching and irrigation, (2) CK-2, RFM without irrigation, (3) RFM60, RFM with 60 mm irrigation, (4) RFM105, RFM with 105 mm irrigation, and (5) RFM150, RFM with 150 mm irrigation. We found that supplemental irrigation treatments significantly increased grain yield, total biomass, and crop water productivity compared to CK-1 and CK-2 (P < 0.05) across two growing seasons, suggesting that ex-situ rain-harvesting irrigation can significantly promote field productivity based on widely used RFM system. The differences mentioned above were the greatest in RFM105 and RFM150, significantly greater than those of RFM60. No significant difference was observed between RFM150 and RFM105. Greater output in RFM150 and RFM105 was closely associated with improved soil water storage and thermal state in two growing seasons. Particularly, RFM150 and RFM105 harvested the highest soil organic carbon and total nitrogen after the second fallow period. The highest economic benefit was found in RFM105, followed by RFM150 and RFM60, the least in the two control groups. Our findings provided a critical case to solve the rainfall supply-demand mismatch. The ex-situ rainwater-harvesting supplemental irrigation can act as a promising solution to upgrade the current widely-used RFM farming system for better adaptation to climate change in the semiarid region.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier