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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Measurement and modeling of canopy interception losses by two differently aged apple orchards in a subhumid region of the Yellow River Basin

    Wang D.Wang L.Zhang R.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Canopy interception (Ic) of rainwater is an important component of hydrological cycles, and its measurement and modeling are essential for understanding water balances and formulating scientific strategies of management in different ecosystems. Large areas of traditional agricultural crops have been replaced with apple orchards in the Yellow River Basin, while few studies were conducted to quantify and model canopy interception for apple orchards with different ages. In this work, we measured rainfall, stemflow and throughfall and calculated Ic for young and mature apple orchards from May to September 2013–2016 in Changwu County on the Loess Plateau in the Yellow River Basin. The revised Gash model was applied to the two orchards. The results revealed that annual Ic for the young (range 22.2–29.2 mm) and mature (range 26.8–39.7 mm) orchards varied between years. During the past four years, cumulative modeled Ic was 7.6 ± 1.0 and 10.5 ± 0.9% higher than cumulative measured Ic for the young and mature orchards, respectively. Evaluation parameters the mean root mean square error and bias values (0.1719 mm and 0.0372 mm, respectively) between the measured and modeled Ic implied that the revised model performed better for the young orchard. For both orchards, the revised model was most sensitive to the ratio of mean evaporation rate to mean rainfall intensity and canopy storage capacity each year. The good agreement between the measured and modeled Ic indicated that the revised model was suitable for predicting Ic for apple orchards with different ages under our climatic conditions or similar conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nitrogen management and supplemental irrigation affected greenhouse gas emissions, yield and nutritional quality of fodder maize in an arid region

    Ikram K.Ahmad I.Yan Z.Kamran M....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Deficit and erratic precipitation in arid regions and imbalance nitrogen (N) fertilization can result in lower yield and nutritional quality of fodder maize. The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the effect of N (urea 46% N) rates i.e., 225 (N1), 300 (N2) and 375 kg N ha–1 (N3) under 600 (W1) and 900 mm ha–1 (W2) supplemental irrigation levels on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yield and nutritional quality of fodder maize. The treatments combination comprised of N1W1, N2W1, N3W1, N1W2, N2W2 and N3W2. N fertilization and supplemental irrigation levels significantly affected soil moisture content (SMC) and soil temperature (ST), whereas maximum SMC and minimum ST were recorded in N3W2. Increasing N rate decreased soil ammonium nitrogen content (NH4+-N) and increased nitrate nitrogen content (NO3–-N) and maximum NH4+-N was recorded in N1W1 and maximum NO3–-N in N3W1. Methane (CH4) uptake was higher in W1 compared with the W2, and maximum CH4 uptake was recorded in N3W1 followed by N3W2. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were higher in W1 compared with the W2, and maximum N2O and CO2 emissions were recorded in N3W1. Cumulative emission of N2O and CO2, CH4 uptake, global warming potential (GWP), and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were higher in W1 compared with W2 and their maximum values were recorded in N3W1. Treatment N3W2 significantly improved the forage yield and nutritional quality of fodder maize by improving the crude protein content and ether extract content, while reducing neutral detergent and acid detergent fibers contents. In conclusion, treatment N3W2 improved SMC, forage yield, grain yield, and nutritional quality of fodder maize as well as reduced GHG emissions, GWP and GHGI in an arid region.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Developing stage-specific drought vulnerability curves for maize: The case study of the Po River basin

    Monteleone B.Martina M.Borzi I.Bonaccorso B....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsDrought and water stress negatively affect many human activities, with agriculture playing a crucial role in ensuring food security. The drought vulnerability assessment of agricultural systems has been widely investigated in the past and the relationship between drought hazard and losses has been traditionally expressed through vulnerability curves. This study develops maize drought vulnerability curves tailored to the context of the Po River Basin (Northern Italy) which is the largest Italian agricultural area and accounts for 35% of national crop production. The curves express the relationship between crop water stress and maize yield losses. Four crop growth stages are considered (establishment, vegetative, flowering and yield formation) since the sensitivity of maize to water stress is strictly related with the plant growth stage. In addition, the influence of soil texture on the maize response to water stress is investigated. The Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM) is used to simulate the crop yield and the water stress. APSIM is calibrated on observed yield and the model skill in reproducing maize yield is satisfactorily verified (Pearson correlation coefficient equals to 0.87). Flowering is the most sensitive stage to water deficit independently from the soil texture, while the yield formation phase is most sensitive to water stress than the vegetative in the case of Loam soils. The achieved results suggest the importance of the use of appropriate irrigation strategies. Water should be provided to maize in case of a water stress during the flowering phase to avoid irreparable yield losses.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Yield and water productivity of crops, vegetables and fruits under subsurface drip irrigation: A global meta-analysis

    Wang H.Wang N.Quan H.Zhang F....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The rapid population growth and economic development, climate change and irregular rainfall will inevitably intensify the competition of water resources, resulting in the reduction of agricultural irrigation water. In recent years, subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI), as an efficient water-saving irrigation technology, has been widely used in crop production, but its effects on crop yield, irrigation water productivity (IWP) and water productivity (WP) vary with field managements, climatic conditions and soil properties. Here, a global meta-analysis of 984 comparisons from 109 publications was carried out to systematically and quantitatively analyze the responses of yield, IWP and WP of crops, vegetables and fruits to SSDI. The results showed that SSDI significantly increased yield, IWP and WP by 5.39%, 6.75% and 3.97% relative to surface drip irrigation (SDI), respectively. The largest percentage increase in yield was observed in crops (6.42%), followed by vegetables (5.29%) and fruits (3.37%). SSDI performed best when crops, vegetables and fruits were planted in the open field, under film mulching, in arid regions (<200 mm) and in regions with mean annual temperature ≥ 12 ℃. Besides, the emitter spacing < 25 cm, emitter discharge rate of 2.5–3.5 L h?1 and buried depth of drip pipe < 10 cm were beneficial to obtaining higher increases of yield, IWP and WP. In addition, yield was significantly affected by fertilization rate, and the maximum percentage increase in yield was obtained with 100–200 kg N ha?1, < 50 kg P ha?1 and < 100 kg K ha?1. Yield, IWP and WP were also significantly affected by soil factors. The percentage changes in yield and IWP in soils with higher bulk density (≥ 1.4 g cm?3) and in acid soils (pH < 7) were significantly higher than those in soils with lower bulk density (<1.4 g cm?3) and in neural and alkaline soils (pH ≥ 7). In conclusion, SSDI can improve yield and WP, but the application of SSDI should be site-specific.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Water use of intercropped species: Maize-soybean, soybean-wheat and wheat-maize

    Li M.-Y.Gong D.-S.Khan A.Zhu H....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Plant-plant interactions in the intercropping system can significantly affect crop productivity. However, it is poorly understood how the interactions affect the land equivalent ratios (LER) in the cereal-legumes and cereal-cereal intercropping systems in semi-arid agroecosystems. A two-year (2019–2020) field experiment was conducted in the Dryland Agricultural Experimental Station of Lanzhou University, a semiarid rainfed site of northwest China, to quantify the impact of crop diversification on land equivalent ratio, and its moisture-dependent mechanisms in three intercropping systems of maize-wheat, maize-soybean and wheat-soybean. The soybean-involved intercropping systems showed positive interactions, which substantially promoted crop productivity of maize and wheat by 18.1–20.9%. The soil water in soybean strips can be used by intercropped wheat or maize, which in turn promoted soil water storage (SWS) in maize or wheat strips by 0.6% and 11.0% respectively, during the co-growth period. This further improved the photosynthetic rate (Pn), instantaneous growth rate (IGR), and water use efficiency (WUE) for each species and thereafter elevated the land equivalence ratio (LER>1). However, in the wheat-maize intercropping system, interspecific competition was dominated with wheat as dominant species and maize as inferior one respectively. The competition plundered available water of maize strips (SWS decreased by 10.5%), and thus decreased its Pn and WUE by 12.7% and 20.0% (P < 0.05), respectively. Importantly, maize yield and LER were not improved via the compensation effect during the post-harvest period of wheat. While soil water was to some extent restored, the Pn and IGR of intercropped maize were still lower than those of monoculture maize. This trend resulted in maize yield loss during the reproductive period, and ultimately lower LER. For the first time, we found a rarely reported phenomenon, i.e. negative relationships between crop diversity and land equivalent ratios in semiarid agroecosystem, since the yield loss caused by competition was not compensated during the co-growth period. Therefore, a positive relationship between crop diversification and land equivalent ratio required rational crop species configuration, in terms of the tradeoff between crop diversity and its productivity at agricultural landscape scale.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier