Martinez, MauroBiganzoli, FernandoArata, AgustinDinolfo, Maria Ines...
12页
查看更多>>摘要：The disease known as Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating cereal diseases, among which Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae have been isolated to be the main etiological agents in cereal crops such as barley and wheat. Currently, global climate change is one of the major concerns worldwide, and temperature is likely to be one of the most affected variables in the future. However, it is unknown how these changes will affect fungal diseases such as FHB. The present research aimed to study the F. graminearum/F. poae-barley/wheat pathosystem under future climatic conditions. The effects of the increase in night temperatures (3 degrees C) on disease variables, grain quality, and mycotoxin contamination were evaluated under field conditions over three years (2016, 2017, and 2018). For both crops, the results showed that warm nights favoured F. graminearum development over F. poae, reducing grain quality parameters and increasing the mycotoxin concentration significantly. The results obtained along the present work provide a better understanding of the F. graminearum/F. poaebarley/wheat pathosystem and the basis for potential future research related to climate change studies under field conditions directly impacting food quality and safety.
查看更多>>摘要：Litter accumulates annually since vegetation is widely planted for afforestation. There is little information about the effects of litter on the reallocation of rainfall processes, although it plays an important role in hydrologic cycling. To examine the ecohydrological functions of litter under field experiments, eight runoff plots of four needle-leaf litter masses (0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 kg/m2) were established in a Pinus tabulaeformis plantation on the Loess Plateau. Evaporation (E), surface runoff (R), infiltration and soil moisture dynamics in the 0-100 cm soil layer were measured throughout the rainy season in 2020. The results show that E decreased by 26.1-53.8% in litter-covered treatments compared with that without litter. Litter hindered heat and water exchange between soil and atmosphere, especially in 0-10 cm soil layer. R was effectively reduced by 71.1-90.5% with an increase in litter mass, and litter was more effective in controlling the R generation at higher rainfall intensities than at lower rainfall intensities. Litter hindered infiltration at the beginning of the rainy season but increased the soil water storage (SWS) with deeper infiltration in the long term. Both proportions of R and E to throughfall (P) decreased with increasing litter mass, and R/P was generally less than 10% in litter-covered treatments. SWS nonlinearly increased with an increase in litter mass, and more than half of the rainfall was stored, even in bare soil. Excessive litter (> 1.33 kg/m2) caused relatively less rainwater to be stored below the 100 cm soil layer or consumed by trees. This study may help to better understand the effects of litter on hydrological processes and can provide theoretical references for the proper management of plantations.
NSTL
Elsevier