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Ecology, Environment and Conservation
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Ecology, Environment and Conservation

Enviro Media

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Ecology, Environment and Conservation/Journal Ecology, Environment and Conservation
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    Associations between anthropogenic activities, forest characteristics and water qualities in the North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest, Selangor, Malaysia

    Hamidu SaaduAhmad IsmailSyaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：The degradation of North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest (NSPSF) is promoted by both natural and artificial factors. This study attempts to understand the associations between the anthropogenic activities, forest characteristics and water qualities in theundisturbed NSPSF and its nearby disturbed area. In each area, three sites were sampled in undisturbed area (UA); Sungai Karang Peat Swamp Forest site 1, Raja Musa Peat Swamp Forest and Sungai Karang Peat Swamp Forest site 2, while for disturbed area (DA); paddy field, forest fire and oil palm plantation areas were sampled. Modified scoring guides were used to determine the anthropogenic activities, while forest characteristics were also measured. Additionally, water physico chemical parameters were measured both in situ and ex situ. The means and standard deviations of obtained data were calculated, compared and associated between the areas. Generally, for anthropogenic activities, the findings showed that the state of accessibility, deforestation level and agricultural activities to be the predominant human activities in the DA. Moreover, construction activities cut across both UA and DA. However, for forest characteristics, the relative light intensity was higher in the DA compared to UA. The UA ischaracterized by higher number of trees. The DA showed high seedling percentage, but conversely lower in UA. For water quality analyses, lower dissolved oxygen values notably increase from UA to DA. However, the dissolved oxygen values were exceptionally lower in forest fire site in DA. Overall associations showed that the state of accessibility was closely correlated with NH.-N and Fe in the DA, while air pollution in the UA was associated with N03" concentration in the water. Understanding on the associations between anthropogenic activities, forest characteristics and water qualities could provide insight for monitoring the ecological conditions and conservatory status of NSPSF.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Study of some factors to tolerance of different environmental stress to sweet corn plants

    Ali A. AratAli H. Jasim
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：The experiment was carried out in Abu Gharq (10 km west of the Hillah city) during the fall season 2019, in silt clay loam soil, to study the effect of three planting dates (15 July, 1 August and 15 August), two plant densities (40000 and 80,000 plantha1), and silicon spraying with four concentrations (0,1.5,3.0, and 4.5 ml/ L1) and their interaction on yield of sweet corn hybrid. Split-split arrangement according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. The datawere analyzed and the averages were tested according to the least significant difference at 0.05 probability level. The most important results obtained that, seeding dates affected most of the outcome indicators , and 15 August achieved the highest number of rows (18.52) per year, grains per row ( 316.3 grains), weight of 100 grains (32.52 g), plant grain yield (130.2 g) and total grain yield ( 8.011 t ha"1). The plant density caused significant effect, and the low density achieved the highest ear rowsnumber (15.42) and plant grain yield, while high density achieved the highest total grain yield (7.1021 ha1). Silicon spraying caused significant effect and the concentration of 4.5 ml/L"1 gave high plant grain yield (94.4 g). The interactions had a significant effect on most of the studied traits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    An International Environmental Court and the International Legalism: An Overview from Legal Context

    Kudrat-E-Khuda (Babu)
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：This article gives an overview and comes up with an assessment on the recent move led by the International Court for the Environment (ICE) Coalition to get support for the constitution of an international environmental court. This paper argues about Judith Shklar's idea of legalization and its recent up-gradation by Eric Posner Eric and provides a conceptual background for looking at the idea. It also suggests that the poor attention on legal remedies emphasizing legal accountability and liability seems inadequate. In spite of the limitations, it can be said that the contribution of the ICE Coalition to the debate, on how to best deal with collective action problems damaging the environment, can help develop long-term solutions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Strategy development to improve food security at the household level of rice farmers in South Sulawesi Indonesia

    Ida RosadaNurlianiFatma A. Gobel
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rice farmers are a group of low social capacity people. Though rice production target was achieved but their welfare remains undeveloped. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate determinants of food security; 2) identify sociocultural aspects of households that achieve food security; 3) develop strategies to improve food security of smallholder farmers in Pinrang Regency. This study was conducted, with 50 respondents, in Samaulue Village, Lanrisang District, Pinrang Regency, South SulawesiProvince, Indonesia. This research location is an area with a rice agroecosystem type. The study used qualitative and quantitative approaches (mixed methods), data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation of rice farmers'households. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. This study concluded that most households in the paddy agroecosystem were categorized as food insecure (66%), while the others were food secure (34%). Among the food security determinant, food availability such as rice production and farmer income were the supporting factors, while food access and food utilization were the hampering factors. In a farmer's household in the rice agro-system, food is one way to express a sense of solidarity, solidarity, and social ties. The study results found that household decision-making patterns tended to show the relatively equal positions of spouses in decision-making. This study proposed four strategies that can be selected by farmer groups. First, improving institutional purchase of production facilities and marketing of agricultural products to create farmers bargaining position (avoiding fluctuations in input prices and output output). Second, improving the quality of products that are oriented toward the local, domestic and international markets. Diversifying main food through preservation of local food resource to anticipate the entry of imported food. Improving the government support on increasing outreach activitiesand training on marketing strategies for online-based agricultural products (e-marketing).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Analysis of soil of agricultural field used for rice production with respect to boron and few selected cations of Lakhimpur District of Assam, \nd\a

    Md. Yamin HassanNaranaryayn BuragohainMaitreyee Sarma Bezbarua
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rice is the major food grain in most of the countries of the world. The demand of rice is in increasing trend due to consumption of various food items prepared from rice starting from baby food to fast food with increasing population. But due to natural and anthropogenic reasons, the farmers are not getting the calculated production. Now to meet the increasing demand of the rice, it is essential to balance the theoretical and observed rice production by finding out the factors responsible for not getting the desired production. Hence an attempt is made to assess the soil quality of agricultural field by considering few selected cations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Rapfish analysis on sustainability status of post-tin mining in Jebus subdistrict, West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia

    Fitri Ramdhani HarahapRidhah TaqwaRestu Juniah
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bangka is well known as the largest tin producer in Indonesia that has widely ruined to the environment due to exaggerated exploitation. The extreme exploitation potentially generates landscape changes that are caused by the formation of giant pools with tailings and overburden. The aim of this research will analyze the sustainability of post-tin mining conducted in Jebus Regency, West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The data are obtained by filling questionnaires which is assessedin three aspects such as environmental, economic, and social. These aspects contribute to the post-tin mining sustainability and arranged through observations, literature reviews, and previous studies. This study involved 166 respondents who were randomly selected in 11 villages in Jebus sub-district, West Bangka Regency. The results show that the post-mining sustainability status in multidimensional is less sustainable. The environmental and economic dimensions are less sustainable while the social dimension is sustainable. Sustainable or less sustainable status depend on the five greatest attributes of leverage sustainability status of tin mining in the environmental, economic, and social dimensions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Effect of different agricultural media and wounding on rooting and growing of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) semi wood cutting

    Suzan Ali HusseinRaad Ahmed MedanAli Mohammed Noori
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The study was conducted in Collage of Agriculture / Kirkuk University -Iraq during period of 15/12/2019 to 1/5/2020. The study included influence of two type of cultural media (Peat moss, river soil) and wounding three levels (without wounding, mono-wounds,di-wounds) of European grape cutting under plastic house condition. The factorial experiment arranged using randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with triplicates and five seedlings for each experimental unit. The results were analyzed by using SAS V 9.0 software and the variation of means compared depending on Duncan test for significant level of 0.05. The obtained results can be summarized that Peat mossmedia significantly increased most of roots and shoots characteristics (percentage of rooted cutting, roots length, dry weight of shoots and roots systems, length and diameter of cutting, numbers of leaves and new branches, branches length and leaf area) on river soilmedia. While, mono-woundsexhibited a significant superiority on other wounding levels in following characteristics (percentage of rooted cutting, roots length, dry weight of shoots and roots systems, diameter of cutting, numbers of leaves and new branches, branches length, leaf area, total chlorophyll and percentage of Nitrogen).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Suitability formulation and prediction of Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) productivity in a Pond area

    Agus DharmawanNuddin HarahabMuhammad Musa
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Gracilaria verrucosa is one of red algae that can be cultivated in the pond area. A pond is an artificial ecosystem so that all abiotic components that work can be controlled to get the expected productivity. This study aims to formulate land suitability for seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa cultivation based on abiotic factors that have significant influence by considering the interrelationship and effect of each factor on productivity. The research sample was 161 ponds of total 670 ponds, with the independent variable is abiotic components including pH, surface current, brightness, turbidity, depth, dissolved oxygen, N fertilization, salinity, pond substrate, water temperature, and the dependent variable is wet weight seaweed harvest per unit area. Themeasurement data for abiotic components are classified in three categories according to the range of suitability for Gracilaria verrucosa growth, that is category 3 (suitable), category 2 (less suitable), and category 1 (not suitable). Multiple linear regression analysis is performed to determine the contibution value (weight) of each abiotic component on seaweed productivity. Cluster analysis to classify suitability and productivity scores, and Mann Withney test for comparison between groups were used. The result of this study is the Land Suitability Formula for Gracilaria verrucosa. The equation of relationship between suitability score (x) with seaweed productivity (y) in the dry season is y = 1.7081x + 0.7181, while in the rainy season is y = 1.7247x + 1.101. The formulation test shows that the relationship between the suitability score and seaweed productivity can be grouped into three based on the similarity of their numerical characters with the limitation of the suitability score for the dryseason <3.359 = not suitable, 3.359 - 4.240 = less suitable, > 4.240 = suitable. For the rainy season is <3.549 = not suitable, 3.649 - 4.196 = less suitable, > 4.196 = suitable. The results of predicted productivity in the dry season <6,454 ounces/m2 =not suitable, 6.454 - 7.958 ounces/ m2 = less suitable, > 7.958 ounces/m2 = suitable, while in the rainy season <7.394 ounces/m2 = not suitable, 7.394 - 8.338 ounces/m2 = less suitable, > 8.338 ounces/m2 = suitable. Statistical tests show that Gracilariaverrucosa productivity of the three groups for both dry and rainy seasons is significantly different.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Adopting the Water Quality Index to assess the validity of groundwater in Al-Zubair city southern Ira for drinking and human consumption

    Bayan A. MahdiMohammad Salim MoyelRaghad Shubbar Jaafar
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ground water is an alternative source of water in arid and semi-arid area. The present study aimed to assess the suitability of twenty well waters in Al-Zubair area, southern Iraq for drinking and human consumption. Water Quality index (WQI) was adopted to evaluate the water of the studied wells. Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated depending on a fifteen physiochemical parameter including: pH, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Calcium (Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Chloride (CI), Sulphate (SGy2), Nitrate(NCy), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Lead (Pb+2), Cadmium (Cd+2), Copper (Cu+2), Zink (Zn+2). Iron (Fe+2) and manganese (Mn+2). Results of WQI values indicated that the wet season has the lowest average of WQI(795.6), with range values from 604 to 1274,while the dry season recorded the highest average of WQI(1372.1), with range values ( 878 - 2997) respectively. The WQI results indicate that groundwater is classified as unfit for drinking and human consumption purpose. This study is useful in the planning and rational management of groundwater resources and their potential for use as drinking water.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Seasonality of litter dwelling microarthropods and their relation with the climatic variables in Acacia Plantation of Cachar District, Assam

    Rajeeb Chetia PatorDulal Chandra Ray
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Litter microarthropods play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning. The present study deals with the litter microarthropods and their relation with climatic variables in an Acacia plantation. The study was conducted for a period of one year (April 2016-March 2017) and the litter microarthropods were studied by following the litter bag techniques. The microarthropods were extracted from the litter bags by using the Berlese Tullgren funnel apparatus. Results revealed that the Collembola (43.99%) as the most dominant groups out of the 16 extracted microarthropod groups followed by Oribatid mites (29.53%). The peak population was recorded in April 2016 and lowest was in February 2017. The climatic variables (rainfall, atmospheric temperature, and relative humidity) showed a weak positive correlation with the litter inhabiting microarthropods while the CCA plot revealed a strong association of rainfall and relative humidity with some of the microarthropod groups.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL