查看更多>>摘要：The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is pest native to America know distributed to different continents. It is the major factors which have contributed to the low productivity of maize in infested area of the world. The pest has wide host ranges, higher reproductive capability and long distance migration which makes difficult to control. FAW is destructive insect pest, is one of the major problems for agricultural crop production, especially maize in that grown under warm and humid conditions. The pest mainly damage the foliar part of crops like leaf, tassel, cobs/silk. However, there are several ways of managing the pest as reported in other parts of the world that can potentially be adapted and validated and used in different areas. Hence, to manage this pest we have to use different management options. Integrated pest management like cultural, chemical, and biological are commonly used for controlling FAW infestations. Therefore, in this paper, the impact and management of FAW (Spodoptera frugiperda) on maize crop and control measures of the fall armyworm, which could be useful to improve its management in maize fields were reviewed.
查看更多>>摘要：IPM is a knowledge intensive approach to crop protection that emphasizes regular pest surveillance/monitoringso as to determine "whether and what pest management action is necessary". Pest surveillance or monitoring is the cornerstone of the philosophy of integrated pest management (IPM) as compared to calendar-based treatments. The basic purpose of surveillance is to determine whether pests are present in the field at a level to initiate pest management interventions. The decisions such as selection and timing of pest management intervention if necessary are always contingent on correct information about level of pest of incidence in farmers' fields and available management options. ICT based pest surveillance and advisory services, a kind of Decision Support Systems (DSSs) greatly speed up and automate the process of pest surveillance and issuing advisories to the farmers. These tools capture, organize and analyze pest incidence information from farmers' fields, determine "whether and what pest management option is required", if required, timely disseminate the appropriate pest management option as advisory to the farmers. Many such DSSs have been developed for in the field of plant protection by various public and private organizations in the country which have been elaborated in this review.
查看更多>>摘要：A study on the development of biointensive module was carried out at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Virinjipuram during 2017-19 against viral and phytoplasma diseases of brinjal. The module thus developed was tested in two locations viz, ARS farm, Virinjipuram and in farmers' field at K.V Kuppam block of Vellore district to assess the performance of biointensive Integrated Disease Management (BIDM) module against the mosaic, little leaf disease and whitefly during Kharif2020. The results revealed that the BIDM was found superior in minimising the mosaic incidence in both locations tested and recorded 5.16 and 6.12 per cent also with lowest little leaf incidence. The lowest whitefly population was also recorded in bio-intensive module adopted plots when compared to farmers' practice at all stages of crop growth. At 30 days after transplanting (DAT), the whitefly population of 4.45 and 3.77 Nos per plant was recorded at ARS, Virinjipuram and in farmers' field. With respect to fruit yield, an adoption of bio-intensive module registered a significantly higher yield both at ARS farm (34.02 t/ha) and in farmers' field (30.36 t/ha) coupled with higher benefit cost ratio of 5.84 and 5.18, respectively. Where as in farmers' practice the lowest fruit yield of 31.71 t/ha with BC ratio of 5.57 at ARS farm and 25.68 t/ha of fruit yield with CB ratio of 1:4.43 in farmers' field were recorded.
查看更多>>摘要：Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most important legume crops in India. The major states growing pea are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamilnadu and Madhya Pradesh. Various factors responsible for low production and productivity of pea, diseases caused by abiotic and biotic agents, wilt incited by F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi is one of the most important and destructive diseases of pea, inflicting heavy yield losses. In order to identify an effective control measure, seven fungicides viz., Azoxystrobin, Hexaconazole, Thiram, Tebuconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Carbendazim, Mancozebalong with control was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi causal agent of wilt of pea. Tebuconazole and Pyraclostrobin were found best fungicides which completely inhibited the radial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi. Based on damage nature and survival capability of the fungus, the use of chemicals for management of pea wilt was considered to be the only economical and practical solution.
查看更多>>摘要：Investigation on prevalence and incidence of disease showed that the disease was prevalent in all the areas surveyed at four districts showing its wide spread occurrence during after sowing in Rabi season 2019. The highest mean observed of seedling disease incidence at Jabalpur 48% and lowest mean at Mandla district 13.46%, Maximum Downy mildew disease incidence at Jabalpur 18.30% and lowest disease incidence at Katni district 2.26%, Maximum wilt disease incidence at Jabalpur 37.60% and lowest disease incidence at Mandla district 21.53%, Maximum Powdery mildew disease incidence at Jabalpur 56.90% and lowest disease incidence at Mandla district 33.59%.
查看更多>>摘要：Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an important edible legume grown in Asia, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. A field experiment was conducted for the integrated management of leaf spot and root rot caused by Cercospora canescene and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid respectively at Agricultural Research Station Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. For the integrated management of the diseases, ten treatments comprising of seed treatment and foliar application of various fungicides and biocontrol agents in three replications were used in randomized block design. Among the tested treatments against leaf spot, blight and root rot, seed treatment with T. viride @ 4 g/kg + soil application of T. viride @ 2.5 kg/ha enriched in 100 kg FYM + Neem cake @ 250 kg/ha + spray of myclobutanil @ 1 g/l the leaf spot (2.6%) and root rot (3.6%) decreased by 79-84 and 72-79% respectively and found at par with seed treatment with Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg + soil application of P. fluorescens @ 2.5 kg/ha in 100 kg of FYM + spray Pyraclostrobin 133 G/l + Epoxiconazole 50 G/l SE @ 1.5 ml/l which resulted in the minimum disease incidence of root rot (4.5%), disease severity of leaf spot (2.8%) and highest yield of mungbean (1019 kg/ha).
查看更多>>摘要：Weather parameters have significant role on development of diseases in any crop. Therefore, present study was conducted to know the effect of different weather parameters on development of diseases in pea. The weather parameters (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) were observed and correlated against intensity of various diseases of pea. Maximum wilt diseases incidence of 9.66 per cent was observed at 50~(th) SMW and their related temperature (Maximum temp. 24.4~oC, Minimum temp. 7.9~oC) and relative humidity (43.3 to 83.3%). Powdery mildew disease incidence was observed as 21.43% at 1~(st) SMW and related temperature were 25~oC, 6.6~oC (Min.) along with relative humidity between 37.42 and 77.28%. Downy mildew disease incidence was observed as 16.21 per cent at 49~(th) SMW and their related temperatures were (Maximum temp. 25.6~oC), (Minimum temp. 9~oC) and relative humidity (33.9 to 85.9%).
查看更多>>摘要：Lentil is one of the major Rabi pulse crop grown in India. Seven soil amendments such as Pyrite and Gypsum @ 2.0 gm/kg soil and Neem cake, Mustard cake, Paddy straw and Wheat straw @ 20 gm/kg soil were incorporated in the soil eight days before sowing of healthy lentil seed of "Rath local" variety. Among the Neem cake @ 20 gm/kg soil was found significantly superior over all the treatments resulting minimum wilt disease incidence (34.80 and 35.90%) maximum disease reduction over control (57.24 and 56.25%) maximum yield (6.30 and 6.50 q/ha.) and maximum yield increase over control (186.36 and 242.10%) in the years 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. Wheat straw was the least effective showing maximum disease incidence of (61 and 61.53%) minimum disease reduction over control of (25.06 and 25%), minimum yield of (3.10 and 3.05 q/ha.) and minimum yield increased over control of 40.90 and 60.52% in the years 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. The date of sowing of the lentil seed was significantly affect the disease incidence and yield of the crops. The minimum wilt disease incidence of 10.26 and 15.30% with maximum yield of 10.95 and 10.06 q/ha was recorded when the seed was sown on 5~(th) November, date of sowing in the years of 2019-20 and 2018-19, respectively, followed by 29~(th) October, 22~(nd) October, 15~(th) October and 8~(th) October. The maximum disease incidence (32.73 and 30%) with minimum yield (2.50 and 3.0 q/ha) was observed on the 1~(st) October date of sowing in the years 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. The average wilt disease incidence was decreased with increasing crop yield at 1~(st) October to 5~(th) November date of sowing significantly.
查看更多>>摘要：Survey was conducted for bitter gourd disease incidence in the five districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh in 2018-19 and 2019-20. The five districts with two tahsil was selected from Jaunpur, Varanasi, Azamgarh, Sultanpur and Mirzapur. Two village were selected in each tahsil with former field and the data were recorded separately. Jaunpur was severely infected with the maximum average PDI (25.58%) followed by Mirzapur (24.16%), Sultanpur (22.49%)and the minimum average PDI (15.41%) was recorded in Azamgarh in the year 2018-19. Similarly, in the year 2019-20 Mirzapur was found to be most affected district with an average PDI of 24.74% followed by Jaunpur (23.41%), Varanasi (22.61%), Sultanpur (21.49%) and the minimum average PDI (20.91%) was recorded in Azamgarh in year 2019-20. Among the several districts the maximum average PDI in the year 2018-19 was found in Jaunpur (25.58%) and minimum average PDI was recorded in Azamgarh (15.41%). In year 2019-20 the maximum average PDI was found in Mirzapur (27.74%) and minimum average PDI (20.91%) was recorder in Azamgarh District.
查看更多>>摘要：A field trail was conducted by following Split-Plot Design (SPD) consisting of three dates and 11 genotypes replicated thrice for the management of powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe polygoni on summer mungbean during summer season of 2018-19. The data was analyzed through M-Stat ANOVA software. The data recorded on growth attributes viz. disease incidence, mortality, severity, yield and protein and found very significant results in all respect in genotype Navya over the rest other screened genotype. Among all the screened genotypes, genotype Navya was found superior in all pathological, growth and yield parameters.
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