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Applied Soil Ecology
Elsevier Science B.V.
Applied Soil Ecology

Elsevier Science B.V.

0929-1393

Applied Soil Ecology/Journal Applied Soil EcologySCIISTP
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    Assessment of the combined effects of beef cattle manure and lemon peel waste on soil-plant biochemical properties and phosphorus uptake by ryegrass

    Paredes, CeciliaStaunton, SiobhanDuran, PaolaRodriguez, Rodrigo...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Agroindustrial waste-derived amendments may be used as substitutes for synthetic fertilizers to improve soil physicochemical and biological properties and crop production. Microbial activity plays an essential role in the beneficial effects of organic amendments on soil quality. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of two different agroindustrially-derived amendments, namely, beef cattle manure (CM) and lemon peel (LP), on soil biological properties, plant nutrition and antioxidant responses in ryegrass to evaluate their putative use as organic phosphorus fertilizers. A combined amendment of CM + LP was more effective than each amendment used separately. For example, the microbial biomass in the CM + LP group was more than 4 times that of the control. This can be largely attributed to the fungal community because the richness biodiversity index was greater than that of the bacterial and fungal biomass. The bacterial biodiversity index of the treated soils was lower than that of the control but was less dominant and more changeable with soil chemical parameters such as Al content and pH. Interestingly, ryegrass yield and phosphorus uptake significantly increased with the addition of combined CM + LP (43% and 44%, respectively) with respect to treatments with synthetic supertriple phosphate fertilizer (STP). Less oxidative stress was observed in treatments with CM + LP supplementation than in treatments with supertriple phosphate fertilizer. In conclusion, the combined application of CM + LP showed a beneficial effect on P uptake and oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in plant productivity, indicating that the combined amendment could be used as an organic fertilizer to improve the soil fertility and sustainability of agricultural production systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Interactions between invertebrate and microbial communities in decomposing camphor and Masson pine litter varied with seasonal rainfall

    Li, JunChang, ChenhuiYang, Wanqin
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：To reveal the changes in the interactions between invertebrates and microbes in decomposing litter with seasonal rainfall, litterbags containing camphor (Cinnamomum longepaniculatum) and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) litter were therefore in situ incubated on the floor of Masson pine-camphor mixed plantations in the subtropical region of China. Different mesh sizes of litterbags were used to control the access of the invertebrates. The in-vertebrates in litterbags were collected by funnel method, and microbial communities were detected by phos-pholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method in slightly rainy season (SRS; November 1-December 24), micro rainy season (MRS; December 25-March 7), early rainy season (ERS; March 8-June 15) and rainy season (RS; June 16-October 31) during two decomposition years. The abundance and composition of microbial and invertebrate communities varied significantly with seasonal rainfall and tree species. Invertebrate exclusion generally decreased the bacterial and fungal biomass, and the biomass of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in Masson pine needle litter, but generally increased these indices in camphor foliar litter. Inverte-brate exclusion decreased the mass loss rate of Masson pine litter, but increased the mass loss rate of camphor litter. Total microbial biomass and bacterial biomass in both foliar litters were generally higher in SRS and MRS than these in ERS and RS during the first decomposition year, whereas the situation reversed during the second decomposition year. The abundance of invertebrates increased gradually from the first SRS to the second SRS and decreased gradually afterwards. Briefly, the interactions between invertebrate and microbial communities varied greatly with litter types and seasons. Positive and negative interactions between invertebrate and microbes were respectively observed in Masson pine and camphor litters, and differential responses of microbial biomass and mass loss rate to invertebrate exclusion were found in two litter types. In turn, the interactions between in-vertebrates and microbes run the litter decomposition.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Composition and potential functional roles of soil fungal communities on arid farms in Arequipa (Southern Peru) characterized using SMRT sequencing

    McMillan, S.Yufra, S.Yupanqui, M.Rondon, R....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Small farms near Arequipa, Peru face many challenges including crop diseases caused by soil-borne fungal pathogens. Identifying fungi in these soils and factors that shift the balance between pathogenic and beneficial lifestyles will aid in the development of more effective and sustainable disease control strategies. In this study, the composition and potential functional roles of soil fungal communities on 12 farms was characterized using SMRT sequencing. Communities were compared with soil physiochemical properties and farms grouped based on location (River vs. Canal), and farm age (Old, New, Very New) to investigate possible drivers of community structure and function. Communities were dominated by the Ascomycota phylum, and Fusarium, Alternaria and Cladosporium genera. The majority of phylotypes were saprotrophs, however, an unusually large fraction were pathotrophs (14-29%), and 10% of the entire community were plant pathogens. There were correlations between saprophytic and pathogenic phylotypes with soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous, though the strongest driver of community structure were cobalt and nickel. Dominant pathogenic phylotypes in river and canal farms differed indicating the need for more site-specific intervention strategies. Age was positively correlated with a decline in saprotrophs and increase in pathotrophs highlighting the need to replenish soil organic matter. Correlations between individual phylotypes could mediate disease outbreaks and should be explored in future studies. Results of this study confirm that soils in this unique agroecosystem are highly conducive to the survival of soil-borne pathogens, though it should be possible to suppress these organisms via more targeted soil management practices.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mite density, not diversity, declines with biomass removal in Patagonian woodlands

    Fernandez, Margarita M.Casas, CeciliaBedano, Jose C.Eissenstat, David M....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Belowground biodiversity loss from anthropogenic causes is far less addressed and quantified than aboveground biodiversity loss. Soil fauna supports soil productivity and biogeochemical cycles, and their decline needs further research. We tested the effects of a woodland harvest gradient (0, 30, 50, and 70% biomass removal) on litterfall, mesofauna density, and Oribatida diversity in three sites of northwestern Patagonia (Argentina). Sites contrasted in plant community structure and productivity. Acari from litter and soil were compared. Annual litter production showed a 58% decline at the highest harvest intensity level, which was constant across sites. Litter structural a- diversity decreased with the highest intensity harvest only at the high productivity site. The density of soil-inhabiting Acari did not change with increasing harvest intensity, while the density of Acari inhabiting the litter decreased by 65% at the highest harvest intensity. Within Acari, Oribatida inhabiting the litter had the most significant density decline with increasing harvest intensity. Oribatida richness and alpha- diversity only differed among sites, suggesting resistance to increasing biomass removal despite shifts in litter production and litter structural diversity. Prostigmata did not respond to increasing biomass removal either in soil or litter. Our study is the first to assess Acari response to an aboveground biomass removal gradient in southern woodlands. Applying high biomass removal to low productivity sites can compromise micro detritivore density and thus, impair its functional role. Site productivity should be considered in management plans entailing conservation of soil fauna in southern woodlands.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Responses of soil microbial community composition and enzyme activities to long-term organic amendments in a continuous tobacco cropping system

    Wang, CongNing, PengLi, JunyingWei, Xiaomeng...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Organic amendment may be an effective management practice for alleviating soil degradation in continuous cropping systems. However, few studies focus on the effects of long-term organic amendments on soil microbial community and microbial nutrient status in continuous tobacco fields. Here, an 11-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic amendments on plant and soil physiochemical properties, microbial communities, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) accumulation in a continuous tobacco field. Five treatments were applied: CK (no fertilizer); CF (chemical fertilizer only); CFS (chemical fertilizer plus corn straw); CFO (chemical fertilizer plus oilseed residues); CFM (chemical fertilizer plus composted pig manure). Organic amendments increased soil microbial abundances. Application of organic fertilizers significantly reduced gram-positive to gram-negative bacterial ratios, but significantly increased fungi/ bacteria ratios, probably because gram-negative bacteria and fungi are the dominant decomposers of increased available nutrients and recalcitrant materials, respectively. Organic amendments significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities, except for the difference in beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, Leucine aminopeptidase, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities between the CF and CFO. The lowest soil organic carbon (SOC) content in CFS among organic amendments treatments was probably because the positive priming effects of straw and the highest peroxidase and PPO activities increased stable SOC mineralization rates due to the high C:N:P ratio of nutrients input. Microbial activities were limited by carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in CFS, while carbon and phosphorus were the limiting factors in CK, CF, CFO, and CFM. Relative to CF, CFO significantly enhanced microbial carbon and phosphorus limitation, whereas CFM significantly decreased microbial carbon limitation. CFM had the highest GRSP content among treatments. Our results demonstrated that combined application of composted pig manure and chemical fertilizers is a consistently effective measure for alleviating soil degradation in continuous tobacco fields.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Earthworm communities and microbial metabolic activity and diversity under conventional, feed and biogas cropping systems as affected by tillage practices

    Denier, JuliaFaucon, Michel-PierreDulaurent, Anne-MaimitiGuidet, Julien...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Understanding management factors driving soil biota is pivotal to improve the sustainability of cropping systems, especially given the emergence of new cropping systems induced by bioeconomy. Here, we investigated the combined effects of tillage practices (tillage versus no-tillage) and contrasted cropping systems, including conventional, feed and biogas cropping systems, on earthworm communities and microbial metabolic activity and diversity (using Biolog Ecoplate). After three years, our results revealed that tillage overrode the effect of cropping systems on soil biota while being also detrimental for both earthworm communities and microbial activity and diversity compared with no-tillage. By contrast, no-tillage had generally a beneficial effect on soil microbial activity and earthworm abundance. More importantly, under no-tillage, feed and biogas systems increased microbial activity and diversity which was likely due to the higher crop diversity and the use of digestate instead of manure and slurry compared with the conventional system. Taken together, our findings show that both earthworm communities and microbial activity and diversity are very sensitive to tillage. Moreover, microbial activity and diversity are also rapidly affected by the type of cropping system, suggesting that it would be a better indicator to detect short-term changes in soil functioning following change in land use. Our study also indicates that, provided that no-tillage is included, biogas cropping system with high crop diversity can promote soil biota compared with conventional farming practices, leading likely to the improvement of soil functioning and ecosystem service delivery.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Pollution- induced community tolerance framework - disc diffusion method to assess the impact of silver nanoparticles in soils: Potential relevance for risk assessment

    Peixoto, SaraOliveira, Jacinta M. M.Henriques, IsabelMorgado, Rui G....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：The toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in soil bacterial communities (SBC) has been widely reported. However, the bacterial related endpoints have not been effectively considered in the environmental risk assessment (ERA) for nanomaterials. Thus, we aimed to study the long-term effects of AgNPs, or AgNO3 (counterpart), [5 mu g (Ag) kg(-1)] on SBC: (1) at structural level (using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresisDGGE) and, (2) in terms of bacterial induced tolerance (which is the foundation of the pollution-induced community tolerance - PICT) using a disc diffusion assay (0.1 mu g, 1 mu g or 10 mu g of each silver form). After day-56 of exposure, the structure of SBC was affected by AgNPs and AgNO3, though still sharing 71.9% similarity with the non-exposed SBC. Also, the SBC homogeneity significantly decreased after exposure to silver, suggesting a possible tolerance effect. Regarding tolerance assays, AgNO3 was more effective in inhibiting the SBC growth than AgNPs, and both in a dose-dependent manner (10 mu g > 1 mu g > 0.1 mu g). A second exposure revealed a decrease in tolerance of SBC to AgNO3. Also, a lower amount of AgNO3 is needed to change SBC tolerance. PICT analysis revealed that previous exposure to AgNPs did not increase tolerance-effect in SBC. Overall, AgNPs changes the SBC structure and tolerance, but does not increase the tolerance on a second exposure. Thus, this study highlights the usefulness of combined bacterial endpoints (DGGE, and PICT-disc diffusion tests) for potential inclusion in the ERA of AgNPs in soil ecosystems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Soil specific enzyme stoichiometry reflects nitrogen limitation of microorganisms under different types of vegetation restoration in the karst areas

    Guan, Hui LingFan, Jiang WenLu, Xiankai
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Knowledge about resource limitations faced by soil microorganisms is crucial for understanding ecosystem functions and processes. In recent decades, vegetation restoration has been carried out in the degraded karst areas, leading to the alteration in the status of microbial resource limitation (MRL). However, mechanisms underlying MRL in different karst ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here we investigated MRL based on the theory of soil extracellular enzyme stoichiometry. Soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) acquiring enzyme activity (glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, leucine aminopeptidase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) per unit microbial biomass carbon (MBCE) and per unit soil organic carbon (SOCE) of four main vegetation types (natural community, NC; ecological forest, EF; abandoned cropland, AC and economic plantation, EP) at 0-20 cm depth were measured in the karst areas in southwestern China. Significantly higher MBCE levels were found in EP than the other three vegetation types (p < 0.05), with EF having significantly higher SOCE than NC (p < 0.05), suggesting the highest metabolic activity and soil organic carbon (SOC) utilisation efficiency in EP and EF, respectively. C- and N-specific enzyme activity (MBCE and SOCE) were strongly negatively correlated with microbial biomass and soil C, N contents (p < 0.05), suggesting microbial resource requirement promotes the production of specific enzyme in resource-deficient ecosystems. Homeostasis analysis of microbial biomass C: N and resources C:N for all communities showed no homeostasis, indicating the microorganisms may be auto-trophic to meet their N demands. In addition, the specific enzyme C:N ratios were less than 1, the N :P ratios were greater than 1, and vector angles were all less than 45 degrees in all four types of vegetation restoration, indicating clear N limitation. A homeostasis analysis, as well as extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry and vector analysis, all suggested that soil microorganisms in the four vegetation types were nitrogen-limited, with NC most severely affected. Overall, we suggest that nitrogenous fertilisers should be added to restore the balance of elements while recovering the karst ecosystems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ratio of nitrate to ammonium mainly drives soil bacterial dynamics involved in nitrate reduction processes

    An, TingtingWang, FengRen, LinglingMa, Shihan...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) influence the nitrate (NO3-) reduction and its final fate in the environment. However, it is unclear how denitrifying and DNRA bacterial communities respond to different environment conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of fertilization and sampling time (April, July and November) on the abundances of nitrogen (N) cycling genes in processes of denitrification and DNRA at different soil depths (0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm) based on a long-term fertilization experiment station (initiated in 1987). The abundances of genes involved in NO3- reduction process were determined using quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis method. Sampling time showed a stronger effect on the abundances of denitrifying and DNRA genes than fertilization. And the effect of fertilization on the abundances of genes involved in NO3- reduction process was decreased with soil depths. Compared with no fertilizer (CK), the application of mineral N fertilizer (N2 and N4) reduced the abundances of denitrification and DNRA genes at 0-20 cm soil depth, regardless of sampling time. However, the application of organic manure combined with mineral N fertilizer (M2N2) clearly increased the abundance of specific denitrifying genes, including napA (NO3- to NO2-) and nosZ (N2O to N-2) genes compared with N2 and N4 treatments at 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths. Although the abundance of nrfA gene was the highest, the abundance of norB gene was the most sensitive to environmental variation among all the tested N cycling genes. Ratio of NO3- to ammonium (NO3-/NH4+) was significantly correlated with all the denitrifying and DNRA genes. In general, long-term application of organic manure combined with mineral N fertilizer has a potential to mitigate the NO3- leaching and N2O production, and NO3-/NH4+ ratio is an important factor driving the dynamics of bacterial communities involved in the NO3- reduction process.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Key factors shaping prokaryotic communities in subtropical forest soils

    Wang, Yong-FengLi, XiangzhenDatta, RahulChen, Jing...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Microorganisms in subtropical forest soils are responsible for various ecological functions such as decomposing organic matter and driving carbon and nitrogen cycles. It is essential to understand how environmental factors affect microbial community composition and diversity. Prokaryotic communities (including bacteria and archaea) were investigated according to soil layer (0-2 cm and 18-20 cm), forest type (mountain dwarf forest, Guangdong pine forest, and monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest) and season (summer and winter) in Guangdong Nanling National Natural Reserve in China by Miseq sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. This study reveals key factors that shaped prokaryotic community structure and diversity in subtropical forest soils in China. Results show that Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, with a relative abundance of 54.2% and 20.7% respectively. Soil pH, organic matter, total N, hydrolysable N, available P, NO3 , and NH4+ were significantly correlated with prokaryotic community structure and diversity. Soil layer significantly affected prokaryotic community structure and diversity. Forest type significantly influenced prokaryotic community structure but not diversity. Season did not significantly correlate with prokaryotic community structure or diversity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier