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Applied Soil Ecology
Elsevier Science B.V.
Applied Soil Ecology

Elsevier Science B.V.

0929-1393

Applied Soil Ecology/Journal Applied Soil EcologySCIISTP
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    Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi increase soil denitrifier abundance relating to vegetation community

    Wang J.Jing Z.Ge Y.He J.-Z....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Denitrification by microorganisms in soil regulates ecosystem nitrogen availability and cycling. Although arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are best known as the key connectors between plant and microorganisms in below-ground soil, however, less knowledge is available about the interactive effects of AMF and vegetation community traits on soil denitrifiers. In this study, we manipulated experimental pots with or without AMF inoculation (AMF+ and AMF? treatments) under three plant richness levels and 27 different plant community compositions. Our results provided evidence that inoculation of AMF significantly increased the abundances of nirS-, nirK- and nosZ-type denitrifiers as revealed by quantitative PCR (qPCR), which inferred a positive role of AMF in N-cycling microorganisms. Plant community traits, including richness, community composition, biomass and species, were less important in influencing the abundances of soil denitrifiers, and no significant interactive effect was detected between AMF inoculation and plant richness or plant community compositions, indicating a weak direct relationship between plants and soil denitrifiers. Our study provided comprehensive insights into the roles of AMF-plant associate bio-system in driving the variation of soil denitrifiers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Combined application of biochar and N fertilizer shifted nitrification rate and amoA gene abundance of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in salt-affected anthropogenic-alluvial soil

    Yao R.Li H.Yang J.Zhu W....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Biochar has been globally recognized as a novel and eco-friendly soil ameliorant to mitigate hazardous effects of salinization on soil health, and mediate carbon and nitrogen (N) nutrient cycling in agricultural ecosystems. However, knowledge pertaining to the regulatory mechanism of biochar application on nitrification in the salt-affected soil is limited. In this study, field plot experiment for three consecutive years and an aerobic incubation experiment with three biochar application rates (7.5, 15, and 30 ton ha?1) and N fertilizer (225 kg N ha?1 yr?1) were conducted. We investigated the effect of combined application of biochar and N fertilizer on soil chemical and microbial properties, nitrification kinetic parameters, and the abundance of ammonia monooxygenase (subunit A, amoA) gene of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, available potassium, and microbial biomass carbon, and decreased the numbers of amoA-AOB gene in the salt-affected soil applied with N fertilizer. The nitrification process and fitted kinetic parameters were negatively responsive to the combined application of biochar and N fertilizer, which reduced the nitrification potential and potential nitrification rate, and prolonged the duration of nitrification. The nitrification rate and abundance of amoA-AOB and amoA-AOA genes decreased under biochar and N fertilizer addition, and biochar played the predominant role in the inhibiting effect, which aggravated with the increase of biochar rate. The AOB dominated the autotrophic nitrification with the nitrification rate having higher positive correlation with abundance of amoA-AOB gene than with that of amoA-AOA gene. The abundance of both amoA-AOB and amoA-AOA genes showed significantly negative correlation with nitrate nitrogen (NO3?-N) concentration. In conclusion, biochar and N fertilizer addition inhibited the autotrophic nitrification rate mainly by greatly reducing the abundance of amoA-AOB gene, which was adaptive to the changing soil microhabitat traits induced by biochar application and N fertilization.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Contrasting effects of biochar- and organic fertilizer-amendment on community compositions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in a wheat-maize rotation system

    Shi Y.Liu X.Zhang Q.Li Y....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.This research investigated the N2O fluxes and community compositions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system on the North China Plain. The experiment included three treatments: 1) a control treatment (CK); 2) biochar at 10.0 t ha–1 yr?1 (C); and 3) organic fertilizer at 7.5 t ha?1 yr?1 (M). The application of biochar reduced the cumulative N2O emissions by 47.7% and 62.2% in the maize and wheat seasons, respectively, compared with those of the CK treatment. Organic fertilizer increased the cumulative N2O emissions by 311.1% in the maize season and had no significant effects on them in the wheat season. Organic fertilizer reduced the cumulative N2O emissions by 39.8% in the nonfertilizer period of the maize season. The cumulative N2O emissions in the maize season accounted for 75.2–90.0% of the annual emissions among all the treatments. Biochar and organic fertilizer affected soil N2O emissions mainly by changing soil denitrifiers. In the maize season, the lower abundances of Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum (AOA-amoA), Nitrosomonas (AOB-amoA), Mesorhizobium (nirK), Magnetospirillum (nirS) and Halomonas (nirS) may result in lower N2O emissions in the biochar treatment, and organic fertilizer had a similar influencing mechanism on N2O emissions during the nonbasic fertilizer and nontopdressing periods of the maize season. In the wheat season, the dominant genus Alicycliphilus (nosZ) was the major contributor to decreasing N2O emissions in the biochar treatment, while there was no biomarker related to N2O emissions in the M treatment. The soil pH, NO3?-N content and water-filled pore space (WFPS) were the key factors shifting the community compositions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in this study. The application of biochar could be a better practice to improve saline-alkali soil with lower N2O emissions. These findings will improve our understanding of the nitrifiers and denitrifiers response to biochar and organic fertilizer.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Soil property determines the ability of rhizobial inoculation to enhance nitrogen fixation and phosphorus acquisition in soybean

    Lambers H.Wang Q.Cao H.Li C....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Soil property impacts the efficacy of rhizobial inoculation and rhizosphere processes. However, very few comparative studies have been done to analyze the effects of rhizobial inoculants on plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in different soils. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to evaluate N fixation and P acquisition of inoculated soybean (Glycine max) plants in acid and calcareous soils in the field as well as in a pot culture. Our results demonstrate that soil pH determined the effectiveness of rhizobial inoculation. Rhizobial inoculation resulted in greater effects on nodule traits and plant N content in calcareous soil than in acid soil compared with those in non-inoculated plants. A low P availability significantly decreased nodule number and dry weight in both soils relative to P-application treatments. Rhizobial inoculation did not affect root morphological traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, but strongly increased the amount of carboxylates in the rhizosheath and plant P content. It also increased plant dry weight and yield in calcareous soil. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of rhizobial inoculation on N and P content and soybean growth were particularly pronounced in calcareous soil. The mining strategy of P acquisition was responsible for increases in P content in inoculated soybean plants compared with non-inoculated controls.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of ant colonies on molecular characteristics of dissolved organic matter in peatland soils, Northeast China

    Zhang X.Xin Y.Zhang Z.HaitaoWu...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Increasing water discharge has resulted in rising dissolved organic matter (DOM) in draining peatlands. However, how contents and spectral characteristics of DOM changed by increasing terrestrial ants in peatland with water level decreasing, were not well revealed. In the present work, chemical and molecular composition of DOM in ant and nearby soils were characterized using UV–Visible absorption and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that four fluorescence components were identified, of which endogenetic fluorophores accounted for a higher proportion (79.21 ± 0.06%) of the total variability of all four. DOM from ant mound soils had lower aromaticity, humification degree, and smaller molecular size than those from control soil. The influence of microorganisms on the content and structure of DOM was crucial in the ant mound soil, whereas the effect from soil physicochemical properties was apparently more pronounced in the control soil. The study demonstrated that the endogenetic and microbial substances were closely related to the compositional variability of DOM in ant and control soils of peatlands.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi outcompete fine roots in determining soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity in a desert ecosystem

    Qiao Y.Bai Y.She W.Liu L....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in soil nutrient cycling and microbial processes. However, the importance of the symbioses between fine roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in different plant functional groups to maintain soil multifunctionality (the ability to provide multiple functions and services) and microbial diversity remains unclear, especially in desert ecosystems. In this study, we conducted an ingrowth core experiment on three vegetation types, namely shrub-dominated, grass-dominated, and mixed vegetation communities, in the Mu Us Desert, northern China, to investigate the importance of fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi in shaping soil nutrient composition and microbiome. Furthermore, we detected the relationships among AMF-related inputs [extraradical AMF hyphae and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP)], soil multifunctionality, and soil microbial diversity. We found that most of the soil properties associated with nutrient cycling and microbial community composition and diversity varied among the three vegetation types, but were not significantly different between distinct ingrowth core treatments with fine root and hyphal access. AMF-related inputs, especially the easily extractable GRSP, were the most important determinants of soil multifunctionality and microbial community diversity across the shrub and grass communities, while the changes in soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity were inconsistent with the trend of fine root biomass. Moreover, AMF-related inputs were positively correlated with soil nutrients, particularly soil organic carbon (SOC). In contrast to the minimal negative correlation between SOC and soil microbial richness, soil multifunctionality was positively correlated with SOC. These findings support the role of AMF in shaping soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity by stabilizing SOC in a desert ecosystem, regardless of the fine root accessibility of plant functional groups. Therefore, this study improved our understanding of plant-derived carbon in the soil and its effects on the induction of soil abiotic and biotic processes in resource-limited ecosystems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote litter decomposition and alleviate nutrient limitations of soil microbes under warming and nitrogen application

    Mei L.Zhang P.Cui G.Yang X....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are vital for nutrient cycling and aboveground ecosystem stability. To understand soil microbe resource limitations and AMF feedback regulation of the soil microbial biomass and litter stoichiometry under warming and nitrogen (N) application conditions, a 3-year experiment involving AMF suppression by benomyl under warming and N application conditions was conducted in the Songnen meadow, in which soil microbial nutrient limitation was measured by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. We assessed the soil microbes and stoichiometric variables of Leymus chinensis and Phragmites australis litter under various treatment conditions. Carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) are commonly limited nutrients in soil microbial communities in the Songnen meadow ecosystem. AMF alleviated soil microbe C and P limitations by decreasing the microbial C:P ratio under warming and N application conditions and by accelerating litter decomposition, which occurred independently of warming and N application. AMF play a critical role in balancing nutrient stoichiometry and are key to maintaining microbial metabolism and nutrient cycle homeostasis. AMF can shorten the litter nutrient cycle, which is of great significance for the absorption, utilization and storage of plant nutrients in the Songnen grassland ecosystem.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nitrifier community assembly and species co-existence in forest and meadow soils across four sites in a temperate to tropical region

    Shen D.Zhao S.Qian H.Liu Y....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Nitrification is a central process in terrestrial N cycling. However, the role of diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in shaping nitrifier communities remains underexplored. This study deciphered the nitrifier community assembly by analyzing amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of amoA and nxrB genes from soil microbiomes in forest and meadow ranging from the temperate monsoon to the tropic monsoon climate areas. The abundance, α-diversity, and β-diversity of AOA, AOB, Nitrobacter, and Nitrospira were dominantly distinguished by geographical variation and less by vegetation type. The overall environmental factors, including the soil properties and climate factors, significantly correlated with the β-diversity of AOA and Nitrospira, but not with AOB and Nitrobacter community. The assembly process of AOA was dominated by heterogeneous selection, while that of AOB, Nitrobacter, and Nitrospira by dispersal limitation. We found that AOA and Nitrospira dominated the combined nitrifier network, and several phylotypes exhibited extensive segregation between different modules, suggesting niche partition was present within subgroups or lineages of AOA, AOB, and Nitrospira. Links between different functional groups might reflect functional coupling, while links between the same lineage or subgroup could result from niche overlap or unknown mechanisms. As network connectors, some AOA and Nitrospira belonged to generalists, which could be essential to keep the stability of the network. Nitrospira inopinata-like node in module 24 suggested that comammox might not be an ecologically isolated bacterium in nitrification. We hypothesized that a balance between species sorting in AOA and dispersal limitation in AOB and NOB communities determined the species co-existence in the forest and meadow soils from temperate to tropical regions. This study might enhance our understanding of contemporary co-existence in different functional groups driving nitrification.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of monoculture regime on the soil nirK- and nosZ-denitrifying bacterial communities of Casuarina equisetifolia

    Zhou L.Zhao Y.Zhang C.Chu W....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021The forest quality of Casuarina equisetifolia has reduced dramatically due to soil sickness under continuous monoculture. The effect of microbes on the growth of C. equisetifolia plants has been extensively investigated. In this study, quantitative PCR assays and Illumina MiSeq sequencing of targeted nirK and nosZ genes were carried out to identify the variations in abundance in the soil and community structure of denitrifying bacteria under the long-term consecutive monoculture of C. equisetifolia. The principal component analysis illustrated that the denitrifying bacterial community structure was obviously different among the soils in the treatments of no C. equisetifolia cultivation (CK), the first continuous plantation (FCP), the second continuous plantation (SCP), and the third continuous plantation (TCP). Taxonomic analysis demonstrated that in both the nirK and nosZ gene-containing denitrifying bacterial communities, Proteobacteria increased significantly in C. equisetifolia monocultures. Furthermore, the genera Bosea, Sinorhizobium, Streptomyces, Azospirillum, Mesorhizobium, Thiobacillus, Ochrobactrum, and Rhodoferax were enriched, while Rhodopseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Chelativorans, and Chelatococcus decreased under continuous monoculture (SCP and TCP). Redundancy analysis showed that Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Rhodopseudomonas were positively correlated with soil physicochemical factors. In summary, C. equisetifolia monoculture led to dramatic shifts in the quantity and community structure of denitrifying bacteria, contributing greatly to soil sickness in this tree species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Continuous cotton cropping affects soil micro-food web

    Yang L.Zhang F.Luo Y.Tang P....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The resource connection between microflora and microfauna in soil micro-food web is of great importance for soil ecosystem in terms of maintaining its quality, productivity, and sustainability. However, the responses of soil micro-food web to continuous cropping (CC) are still unclear at present. In this study, the responses of soil micro-food web to different duration of CC (0 (the control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 years) were investigated in a long-term experiment in Xinjiang, China. The trophic groups of soil nematodes in 0–10 cm and 11–20 cm soil layers were determined according to the trophic habits, oesophageal structure, and predation pattern. The stability and maturity of soil micro-food web were determined by nematode faunal analysis. The connectance was determined according to the predation relationship between nematodes and microbes. The results showed that the abundance of nematodes in the 10- and 20-year CC treatments were higher than that in the control in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and the abundance of nematodes in the 5- and 20-year CC treatments were also higher than that in the control in the 11–20 cm soil layer. In the same soil layer, the abundance of plant parasites in the 10- and 20-year CC treatments and omnivores-predators in the 5- and 20-year CC treatments were higher than those in the control. CC increased the metabolic footprint of omnivore-predators and structure footprint in both soil layers. The soil micro-food web in the CC treatments received fewer disturbances than that in the control, which increased soil nutrients. Meanwhile, the soil micro-food web became stable and mature. The connectance of omnivore-predators channel in the 5-year CC treatment was higher than that in the control in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and the connectance of bacterial channel in the 20-year CC treatment and omnivores-predators channel in the 5-, 10-, and 15-year CC treatments were also higher than those in the control in the 11–20 cm soil layer. Mantel test showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and C/N ratio were key factors affecting soil nematode communities. Therefore, continuous cropping could effectively enhance the soil micro-food web structure and function through bottom-up effects in the cotton fields.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier