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Applied Soil Ecology
Elsevier Science B.V.
Applied Soil Ecology

Elsevier Science B.V.

0929-1393

Applied Soil Ecology/Journal Applied Soil EcologySCIISTP
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    Earthworm community structure and diversity in different land-use systems along an elevation gradient in the Western Himalaya, India

    Ahmed S.Tripathy B.Chandra K.Marimuthu N....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The state Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya was explored to know the community structure of earthworms in agroecosystems along the elevation gradient ranges from 300 to 2500 m above sea level. The study aimed to determine the influence of climate, soil variables and the cropping pattern on species diversity and abundance. Therefore, a total of six land-use types including three crop land, and three orchards (Apple, Pear and Mango) were studied at low (300-500 m), middle (500–1500 m) and high (1500-2500 m) elevations. The results indicate that the earthworm community varies with the cropping intensity, with a greater species richness observed in the traditional cropping system including organic input vegetable field than in the cereal crop field having a high input of chemical fertilizers and using more up-to-date heavy and deep ploughing machines. The number of species significantly increased with the increasing elevation, reaching a peak at the middle but decreasing with the further elevation. The Metric-multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis showed the highest similarity of 61% between sites of high elevation, 49% between the sites of low elevation, and 21% similarity between sites of middle and high elevations based on the density of earthworm. The Canonical correspondence analysis showed the significant positive (rainfall, soil moisture, and organic carbon) and negative (pH) relationship with earthworm density. It supports the role of physicochemical parameters in determining the earthworm community along the elevations. Except mango orchard, all sites were predominated by exotic peregrine earthworm species, which is a matter of concern for invasion and impact on the native species. While it is true that anthropogenically influenced ecosystems are more prone to invasion by alien species, further research is required in the adjacent forests to compare the impact of land-use changes on earthworm communities.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bacillus xiamenensis and earthworm Eisenia fetida in bio removal of lead, nickel and cadmium: A combined bioremediation approach

    Wagh M.S.Osborne W.J.Sivarajan S.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Heavy metals like lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) have a devastating effect on the environment and are harmful to humans, animals and plants. The present study was aimed at removal of heavy metals using the heavy metal (HM) resistant bacteria in combination with earthworm. The earthworms were released in Pb, Ni and Cd contaminated soil bio augmented with the potent bacterial strain (VITMSJ3) capable of taking up heavy metals. A considerable increase of 65–70% Pb, Ni and Cd by earthworm's bio augmented with VITMSJ3 was achieved without any tissue disruption. This was similarly reflected in increased enzymatic activities and reduced DNA damage in earthworms under stress conditions confirmed with COMET analysis. The presence of bacterial isolate in the earthworm gut was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and the presence of heavy metal was evaluated and confirmed with EDAX. The study thus presents the role of a bacterial strain in the accumulation of Pb, Ni, and Cd while not only ameliorating the harmful effect of heavy metals on earthworm, but also promoting its overall physiological status.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Agroecology niche for New Zealand's native earthworms

    Kim Y.-N.Zhong H.Lee K.-A.Dickinson N....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Exotic lumbricid earthworms have had some limited success colonising productive agricultural pastures in New Zealand, in place of native megascolecid species that did not adapt to the conversion from native vegetation cover. Native earthworms in lowland intensively-farmed landscapes are now almost entirely restricted to small fragments of native vegetation on marginal land where they coexist with adventive lumbricids. In recent years, regular pasture replacement using cultivation has been largely replaced by herbicide spray-out followed by direct drilling; much less soil disturbance potentially creates a new opportunity for native earthworms to colonise pastures. Reclaiming native earthworm habitat is critical not only to protecting diversity, but also to sustaining New Zealand's unique soil ecosystem services strongly associated to role of native species; however, there have been no studies related to this. Using a mesocosm experiment, we investigated how native and exotic earthworms modify physicochemical properties of a sheep-grazed pasture soil. The pasture soil was found to be equally suitable for the growth and survival of native and exotic species. Most burrowing earthworms increased the more soluble forms of macronutrients (N, P, S, K and Mg), but differences between native and exotic species were found to be larger than between functional groups. Two species of native earthworms, Octochaetus multiporus and Maoridrilus transalpinus, modified some soil properties in similar way to exotic species, but had significantly different impacts on pH, mineralisation of nutrients, and plant availability of trace elements. Compared to control, plant available N (PAN) and S concentrations were higher by more than 100% and 40%, respectively, in soils with presence of burrowing activity of the two native earthworms. Future co-existence of communities of native and exotic earthworms in agricultural pastures appears realistic, and this would benefit conservation of native species as well as dairy production. Further research may also reveal additional and unique benefits to soil quality that could be attributable to this formerly unavailable niche for native earthworms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Efficiency of calcium cyanamide on the control of tomato soil-borne disease and their impacts on the soil microbial community

    Chen L.Xie X.Kang H.Liu R....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Soil-borne diseases resulting from continuous cropping are a huge problem for tomato producers around the world. In this study, differences in the efficiency of soil-borne disease control and the impact on the soil microbial community were investigated between two types of soil fumigation treatments, namely calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) and soil solarization with flooding (SS-F). Soil samples were taken at 0 days after transplantation (DAT), 60 DAT, 150 DAT and 220 DAT during the tomato season. The composition of microbiome after soil fumigation was assessed using heterotrophic plate counts, PCR and MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. CaCN2 and SS-F fumigation significantly reduced the disease incidences, at 4.98% and 11.41%, respectively, while the disease incidence of the CK was 26.62%. In addition, CaCN2 treatment significantly improved the tomato production by 21.65% compared to CK. Under CaCN2 fumigation, the soil microbial community was temporarily inhibited from 0 DAT to 60 DAT, while the bacterial and actinomycete communities recovered at 220 DAT. Remarkably, some potential beneficial microbial genera, e.g., Proteobacteria, Zygomycota phyla, Bradyrhizobium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Kaistobacter, Streptomyces, Gemmatimonadetes, and Mortierella, increased at 220 DAT after CaCN2 application. Nevertheless, the pathogenic Acremonium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium and Verticillium were significantly decreased. However, following SS-F fumigation, the relative abundance of non-soil-borne pathogenic Acremonium and Alternaria increased by 294.27% and 189.77%, respectively, compared to that in the CK. While the ratio of potential beneficial Trichoderma decreased, the bacterial composition of the SS-F soil at 220 DAT was nearly identical to that of the CK. In addition, a redundancy analysis showed that CaCN2 treatment increased the potential of hydrogen (pH) and the organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents, which were positively correlated with Bradyrhizobium, Rhodanobacter, Bacillus and Mycobacterium communities and negatively correlated with disease incidence. In conclusion, CaCN2 enhanced soil fertility, reduced the presence of soil pathogens, increased the relative abundance of potential beneficial bacteria and fungi and improved tomato yields.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Land use driven change in soil organic carbon affects soil microbial community assembly in the riparian of Three Gorges Reservoir Region

    Li Y.Liu K.Wang J.Xie X....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.After decades of anti-seasonal water fluctuation in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), a distinctive riparian zone had been formed and played critical roles on soil biogeochemistry cycling, substance exchange and soil microbial functions. However, the effect of land use on terrestrial ecological processes and soil microbial community assembly in riparian zone was still imprecise. This study focused on the relationship of soil properties and microbial communities in paddy and dryland soils of a typical riparian zone in the TGR. The results indicated a higher level of accumulation of total organic carbon (TOC) in paddy soil (14.88–20.29 g kg?1) than that in dryland soil (7.59–16.20 g kg?1). The riparian soil was slightly polluted by cadmium and phthalate acid esters with an average concentration of 0.19 mg kg?1 and 6.45 mg kg?1, which may be from agricultural sources, posing a potential health risk. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, there was a higher microbial diversity in paddy soils than dryland soils, and Acidobacteriaceae and Anaerolineaceae represented the dominant taxa in dryland and paddy soils, respectively. Furthermore, the results of redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling showed that land use driven change in soil organic carbon affected the fate of soil pollutants, and constructed soil microbial communities in the riparian zone of TGR. Null model revealed that homogeneous selection explained about 76.36% and 53.33% microbial community assembly, followed by dispersal limitation (14.54% and 37.50%) in dryland and paddy soil. In consequence, a strong effect of environmental filtering was observed on arable soil microbial community structure with different land use in the riparian zone of TGR, and TOC was the key regulator.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effect of environmental parameters and fertilization practices on yield and soil microbial diversity in a Kenyan paddy rice field

    Praeg N.Merbold L.Leitner S.Gorfer M....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rice is gaining importance for nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, but domestic production can only cover a fraction of the actual needs. Suboptimal fertilization limits production and affordable solutions are needed. It is, however, of utmost importance to minimize negative impacts on the environment and on soil health, which is largely determined by microbial processes. An agronomic field trial was conducted at the KALRO Mwea research site (Central Kenya) to compare mineral and organic fertilization effects on rice plant parameters and on soil microbial abundance and diversity. Abundance of fungi and bacteria was quantified by ddPCR and the community composition was determined by amplicon sequencing of the ITS2- and 16S-regions, respectively. Mineral fertilizer had a strong positive effect on panicle number, spikelet number, grain yield and straw dry weight, but fertilizer type did not significantly influence soil microbial community abundance or composition. The rice development stage shaped fungal communities with differences between the vegetative and the reproductive stages, whereas the bacterial communities were mainly influenced by soil depth in a range from 0 to 30 cm. Additionally, spatial effects between rows of the experimental field were observed, resulting in row-specific differences in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and certain fungal taxa, notwithstanding that the field was manually ploughed to a depth of 30 cm before the experiment. This study is the first census of soil fungal and bacterial communities in an African paddy rice field and provides insights into similarities and differences to paddy rice fields in other regions. To increase local African rice production, manure application alone might not be sufficient due to the poor nutrient status of traditional farm-yard manure, yet it can be part of a sustainable and more efficient fertilization strategy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fungal necromass contributes more to soil organic carbon and more sensitive to land use intensity than bacterial necromass

    Li T.Wang X.Zhang J.Hartley I.P....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Increasing evidence shows that microbial necromass carbon is the primary constituent of soil stable carbon, yet the dynamics under different land use intensity (LUI) in arable soils are unknown. Here, we evaluated the dynamics of microbial necromass carbon through biomarker amino sugars at topsoil (0–15 cm) and subsoil (15–30 cm) across different LUI. The LUI was calculated by integrating the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the planted number of crops in different cropping systems including cotton-wheat, grape-wheat, vegetable-wheat and watermelon-maize-wheat in North China Plain. We found that the fungal necromass C contributed more to SOC compared to bacteria at both soil depths. Total microbial necromass C showed no correlation with LUI. However, the contribution of fungal necromass-C to SOC was significantly negatively correlated with LUI at topsoil, which was mainly driven by C concentration in non-HCl soluble intra-microaggregate silt and clay. The bacterial necromass-C to SOC was significantly positively correlated with LUI at subsoil, which was mainly driven by soil microbial biomass C. This indicates that the microbial-derived organic C for maintaining and stabilizing soil C stock is important and the proper reduction of land use intensity may benefit for enhancing and stabilizing microbially-derived SOC in arable soils.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community linkages to soil nutrient availability across contrasting agroecosystems

    Kim K.Daly E.J.Hernandez-Ramirez G.Neuberger P....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Perennial grain crops have been proposed as a groundbreaking tactic to establish sustainable agroecosystems, as their growth habit and no-till management likely invoke multifunctionality such as improvement of soil structure as well as increases in nutrient retention and carbon (C) sequestration. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are multifunctional symbioses, which are ecologically important for over 80% terrestrial plants that form root associations with these fungi. Our study examined AMF diversity and community composition in annual and perennial grain crops; with and without nitrogen (N) fertilizer addition at two field sites within the Canadian prairies (Breton and Edmonton). AMF diversity and community composition were significantly different between the two study sites. This was attributed to the contrasting cropping management histories of the sites; previous long-term land use in Edmonton was annual cropping, whereas Breton was perennial forage crop. AMF community composition was not different between annual versus perennial grain cropping on both the bulk soil and rhizosphere (roots). Overall, the addition of N fertilizer did not change AMF diversity and community compositions but increased the abundance of Archaeospora. The most predominant genus in these temperate agroecosystems was Paraglomus, while Archaeospora and Claroideoglomus were observed in the roots compartment but unfrequently and specifically at the Edmonton site. Interestingly, Archaeospora and Paraglomus were significantly correlated with changes in particulate organic matter C, while Claroideoglomus had a positive correlation with ammonium concentration. Results revealed functional associations between key soil properties and certain AMF genera, which showed to be site specific.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Consortia-based microbial inoculants for sustaining agricultural activities

    Khan S.T.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The advancement of omics-based approaches and next-generation sequencing has unveiled the principles underlying the plant-microbiome interaction in the last decade. Although still challenging, relating the individual taxa in a microbiome to their function is becoming relatively easier. The knowledge of plant microbiome, especially the functional microbiome, has opened new avenues for translating this knowledge to formulate consortia based biofertilizers. Since these fertilizers include multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) strains with multifarious PGP activities and show better resilience in the soil, these biofertilizers are advantageous over monoculture-based conventional biofertilizers. Plant microbiomes can be modified through the addition of organic and inorganic substances to the soil, the addition of synthetic microbial communities, the transplantation of microbial communities from healthy plants to another plant, and through various genetic engineering-based approaches. The development of consortia based biofertilizers and their industrial production still faces many challenges. Diversity even in the core plant microbiome at the variety level will require extensive knowledge-based cataloging of various plant microbiomes for designing crop-soil-environment-specific polymicrobial inoculants. The complex interplay of abiotic and biotic factors will further influence the design of such inoculants. Different growth rates and growth requirements of individual strains within a community will require new culture and production technologies to commercialize such polymicrobial inoculants. Studies showing the persistence of inoculated strains in soil even after 20 years of inoculation raises environmental and regulatory concerns.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Aboveground litter input alters the effects of understory vegetation removal on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities along a 60-cm profile in a subtropical plantation forest

    Chen F.-S.Hu X.Wang H.Liu Q....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Changes in litter input and understory vegetation due to climate change and human activities affect belowground processes in plantation forests. However, it is unclear whether and how aboveground litter interacts with understory vegetation for their effects on soil microbial communities and functions, especially in deep soils. A field manipulation experiment was conducted, including four treatments of understory vegetation removal plus aboveground litter removal (UVR + ALR), understory vegetation preservation plus aboveground litter addition (UVP + ALA), UVR + ALA, and UVP + ALR in a subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. After seven years of continuous treatment, the soil samples along a 60-cm profile were used to evaluate microbial community compositions, major microbial enzyme activities, and several physicochemical properties in the four treatments. UVR resulted in significant negative effects on microbial biomass and enzyme activities at different soil layers with or without litter input, but it did not change the soil microbial communities such as F/B, G+/G?. Compared with ALR, ALA amplified the negative understory vegetation removal effects (UVREs) on β-D-cellobioside (CB), β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activities, but did not affect UVREs on total soil PLFAs. Lesser negative UVREs on β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), LAP, and acid phosphatase (AP) activities were observed in top soils compared to deep soils in the ALR treatment. UVREs on soil microbial biomass were not significantly different among soil depths. These results indicate that aboveground litter and soil depth altered UVREs on soil physicochemical properties, primarily through soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. UVREs were generally more sensitive to major enzyme activities than microbial biomass and were interactively influenced by aboveground litter and soil depth due to synergistic effects within soil ecosystems. This study highlights the integrated feedbacks of microbial structures and functions along soil profiles in response to litter and vegetation interactions in subtropical forests.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier