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Applied Soil Ecology
Elsevier Science B.V.
Applied Soil Ecology

Elsevier Science B.V.

0929-1393

Applied Soil Ecology/Journal Applied Soil EcologySCIISTP
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    Inoculations of soil by antagonistic strains modify tuberosphere bacterial communities and suppress common scab of potatoes

    Hrychova S.Sagova-Mareckova M.Patrmanova T.Krizkova I....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Common scab of potatoes is a soil-borne disease causing considerable economic losses worldwide. Although many management practices to control this disease have been introduced, the lack of efficiency increases an interest in effective and environmentally friendly alternatives. One of the attractive approaches to manage the disease is an application of antagonistic strains into soil. The aim of this study was to develop a selection approach for suitable biocontrol agents based on their in vitro properties and demonstrate their effect on soil microbial communities and host plant nutrition. Out of 56 isolates of Actinobacteria, three isolates and a mixture of six isolates with strong inhibitory activities against common scab pathogens and high growth rates were selected for the pot experiment to assess their biocontrol activity. The microbial community composition of the tuberosphere and the nutrient content in potato leaves was determined. One isolate significantly reduced the severity of the common scab. This isolate showed strong inhibitory activity against pathogens and reached the highest number of CFU/g of vermiculite. In the pot experiment, all the isolates affected the microbial community composition, yet the most substantial changes occurred in the treatment of the most efficient isolate. Moreover, it was determined that inoculation with isolates led to alterations in host plant nutrition suggesting plant-microbe interactions. We provided insights into relationships between antagonistic isolates, common scab pathogens, host plant and microbial communities, and their role in the disease control.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Methanogenic community linked to organic acids fermentation from root exudates are affected by rice intensification in rotational soil systems

    Pereira-Mora L.Fernandez-Scavino A.Terra J.A.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Rice paddy soils are an important biogenic source of methane, a relevant greenhouse gas. Rice rotation with upland crops and pastures affects hydrolytic and fermentative bacteria and methanogenic archaea by sequential exposition to oxic and anoxic conditions. There are several ways to reduce methane emissions from rice paddy soils. Here we examine the effect of intensification in rice rotations with upland crops upon the microbial community structure and methanogenesis when dicarboxylic acids exudated by rice root were amended in microcosms assays. Soils under rotations rice-pasture, rice-soybean and continuous rice, with the last two more intensive systems recently installed in the field experiment, were sampled. Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the rotation system was a main driver of the microbial community structure, explaining 33%, 38% and 55% of the differences in the structure of Bacteria, Archaea and methanogens, respectively. The density of mcrA gene copies was significantly higher in continuous rice soil than in other soils, and the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea was 33% for rice monoculture, whereas represented 15% and 14% for the rice-pasture and rice-soybean soils, respectively. The incubation of soils with tartrate and succinate confirmed functional differences among soils since rice monoculture showed similar or higher methane production and significantly less acetate and propionate accumulation than other soils. The T-RFLP analysis of mcrA gene in soils and incubated soils revealed that Rice Cluster I increased after incubation in all rotational soils, whereas Methanosarcinaceae and Methanobacteriaceae remained relevant after incubation. Furthermore, a more stable community of methanogenic archaea was established in soil under continuous rice, since T-RF profiles of soils and incubated soils with dicarboxylic acids grouped together with 62% similarity, while communities from other rotational soils experimented a great shift after incubation with these substrates. Altogether, these results showed that the conversion of rice-pasture rotational fields to a more intensive rice crop production strongly impacts the methanogenic community structure and their potential for methane emission.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ecotoxicological effects of polyethylene microplastics and ZnO nanoparticles on earthworm Eisenia fetida

    Zhang S.Ren S.Pei L.Sun Y....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.With the increasing release of microplastics (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment, there has been a growing concern about the co-occurrence of these emerging contaminants. However, little is known about the co-contamination effects of MPs and NPs on terrestrial organisms. For the first time, we studied the individual and combined effects of polyethylene (PE) MPs (0, 1%, and 10%, w/w) and ZnO NPs (0, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Compared to the control, PE MPs or ZnO NPs alone increased the weight loss rate and mortality of earthworms, while the combined exposure of PE MPs and ZnO NPs resulted in higher weight loss rate at the 28th day and lower mortality compared to single application. ZnO NPs greatly increased soil available Zn content, with the highest increments by 1000 mg/kg ZnO NPs at the 28th day. Zn content in earthworms was not affected after 14 days of exposure to ZnO NPs, but showed an increasing trend with increasing ZnO NPs after 28 days of exposure. Co-occurring MPs did not affect soil available Zn content, but changed Zn accumulation in earthworms after 28 days of exposure. The highest Zn content (55.6 mg/kg) was observed in the earthworms under the co-exposure to 1% PE and 1000 mg/kg ZnO NPs. Single exposure to PE MPs or ZnO NPs caused oxidative stress and histopathological damage in the epidermis, intestinal tracts and seminal vesicles. However, co-exposure caused higher CAT and GST activity and MDA content, and more severe histopathological damage, indicating a combined toxicity between them. In conclusion, co-exposure to PE MPs and ZnO NPs caused higher Zn bioaccumulation and more pronounced toxicity response in earthworms, manifesting greater ecological risks. Our findings advance understanding the ecotoxicological risks of co-contamination of MPs and NPs to soil fauna.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Intra-annual variation of root-associated fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica: The role of climate and implications for host phenology

    Zhao P.-S.Gao G.-L.Ren Y.Ding G.-D....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Root-associated fungi (RAF) influence plant growth and maintain multiple ecosystem functions. However, the relationship between the temporal dynamics of RAF communities and climate conditions and host phenology are less clear, especially in desert ecosystems. Therefore, intra-annual patterns of RAF can reveal their influence on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, an important sand control species. We sampled the roots of P. sylvestris of three age groups (27, 33, and 44 years) from April to September in the Mu Us Desert. Subsequently, taxonomic and functional groups of the RAF were identified using Illumina amplicon sequencing and the FUNGuild platform, respectively. The results indicated that (1) the alpha diversity indices were significantly different among sampling months but not among stand ages; the richness of symbiotrophic fungi was higher than that of saprotrophic fungi or pathotrophic fungi. (2) The major functional guilds were identified as ectomycorrhizal (especially Rhizopogon, Geopora, Russula, and Amphinema) and undefined saprotrophs. The monthly differences in RAF were mainly affected by climate factors, especially mean temperature and precipitation. (3) There were highly connected and low modularized networks in July and August, and the topological alterations across stand age did not fluctuate. The keystone genera that potentially to provide ecological functions showed dynamic changes in the P. sylvestris plantation. The determinants of temporal variations in RAF communities on an intra-annual scale in desert environments were climate conditions and host phenology, which showed that during the main growing season of the host when the relatively high temperatures and humidity were high, there were higher levels of fungal diversity, more diverse community composition and a more complex fungal co-occurrence network. These results highlight the importance of interactions between community functions of RAF and forest growth and health.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Impact of ZnSO4 and ZnEDTA applications on wheat Zn biofortification, soil Zn fractions and bacterial community: Significance for public health and agroecological environment

    Ye Y.Zhang R.Wang Y.Li Z....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Application of Zn fertilizer can improve cereal Zn concentration, and affect soil microbial ecology by increasing soil Zn concentration. We investigated the effects of three-year continuous applications of different Zn fertilizers (i.e., ZnSO4 and ZnEDTA) on wheat Zn biofortification, soil Zn fractions and bacterial community on a Zn deficient calcareous soil. The results showed that ZnEDTA application induced a higher grain Zn concentration and bioavailability than those in the case of ZnSO4 application, which met the target of wheat Zn biofortification within three years. Correspondingly, ZnEDTA application resulted in a higher Zn availability in soil than ZnSO4 application by facilitating Zn transformation into exchangeable and organic matter loosely bound fractions. Bacterial diversity and richness were not affected, but the bacterial community was altered after three years Zn applications. ZnEDTA application significantly decreased the relative abundances of Nocardioides, Arthrobacter, Blastococcus, Gemmatimonas, and Streptomyces as compared with ZnSO4 application. Meanwhile, ZnEDTA application lowered α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and β-xylosidase activities in soil as compared with ZnSO4 application. These results indicated that ZnEDTA application is an effective practice to achieve wheat Zn biofortification, but attention needs to be paid to the potential environmental risks associated with the decreased activities of microbes and enzymes in soil.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ammonia volatilization and Sporosarcina genus abundance in an Oxisol enriched with urea, compost and biochar

    de Siqueira Ferreira A.Roesch L.F.W.Coelho M.A.Mesquita A.C.O....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Nitrogen (N) loss through ammonia (NH3) volatilization (AV) has been a major agricultural and environmental concern. AV reduction is one of the main challenges to increase N-use efficiency and decrease environmental risks. The present research aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of urea (URE) amended with compost (COM) and biochar (BC) to soil on the biochemical process of AV and the soil-urea microsite bacterial community composition. Soil microcosm assays were performed with the addition of URE, COM, and BC and their combination URE-COM and URE-BC under incubation conditions for 28 days. AV decreased significantly only in the URE-BC, reducing the N loss by approximately 40% compared to that in the URE. The results revealed that URE hydrolysis occurred within 5 days of incubation, and urease activity increased in all treatments with urea. Urease activity decreased significantly in the URE-COM and URE-BC. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a high abundance of reads classified to Sporosarcina, suggesting that organisms belonging to this genus might play an important ecological role in the soil-urea environmental niche. There was no effect of the COM or BC on the abundance of this genus or on the bacterial community composition at 5 and 28 days. This study shows that the addition of an acidic biochar amendment with urea is the key pathway to reduce N loss through AV.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Co-occurrence pattern and community assembly of broomcorn millet rhizosphere microbiomes in a typical agricultural ecosystem

    Tian L.Feng Y.Gao X.Feng B....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rhizosphere microbes are critical for plant health and ecological functioning in terrestrial ecosystems; however, our understanding of microbial co-occurrences and assembly processes in the broomcorn millet rhizosphere remains limited, especially in distinct regions of northern China. In this study, we examined the network topologies and relative contributions of assembly processes in the broomcorn millet fields of northern China. The environmental factors, diversity and taxonomic and functional compositions differed significantly among the northeast (NE), north (Nor), and northwest (NW) regions. Mantel tests showed that the bacterial and fungal community diversities in the Nor and NW regions were mainly associated with soil nutrients (i.e., available phosphorous, NO3, NH4, and organic matter). Additionally, the topological properties of the bacterial and fungal networks varied with regional differences, revealing that these networks in the Nor and NW regions were more complex, and that bacterial and fungal species within the networks co-occurred more frequently in the region. Moreover, we confirmed that the average relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the bacterial and fungal networks in the NE and Nor regions occupied a higher proportion in the module hubs, whereas more OTUs in the connectors were enriched in these networks in the Nor region. Modules comprised OTUs belonging to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Ascomycota among the three regions. Generally, stochastic processes are relatively more important in constraining assembly across the three regions; however, dispersal limitation governed critical turnover in the bacterial community assembly in the NE and NW regions rather than in the Nor region. These results contribute to the understanding of the processes mediating microbial community assembly and the distribution pattern of the microbial community across the three regions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Revegetation of a degraded karst ecosystem triggers shifts in diazotroph communities (composition, diversity, function and assembly processes)

    Li J.Long J.Zheng C.Liao H....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Ecological restoration is an important intervention strategy to halt biodiversity loss and land degradation. Under natural conditions, diazotrophs regulate terrestrial productivity by alleviating nitrogen limitation. However, little is known on the effects of revegetation on diazotroph community (composition, diversity and functioning). Here, by using nifH gene amplicon sequencing, community assembly models, and 15N2-labeling technique, we investigated the dynamics of soil diazotroph communities along a revegetation chronosequence of 0 (cropland), 5, 10, 20 and 30 years of Chinese prickly ash (CP) in a karst area of Southwest China. Diazotroph diversity decreased and its composition was significantly changed after revegetation. Soil pH was the edaphic factor which correlated the most with diazotroph community composition and diversity. The most abundant diazotrophs belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum and changed along revegetation chronosequence: the genus Azohydromonas dominated at early stages (5-y CP), while at later stages (20-y CP) the genera Azospirillum and Bradyrhizobium became more abundant. The N-fixation rates were highest in the 5-y CP plantation, and relatively lower N-fixation rates were observed in the cropland and 10-y CP plantation. The Sloan neutral and null models showed: i) a phylogenetic turnover in the diazotrophic taxa assembly, which was largely deterministic at 5- and 10-y, and stochastic at 20- and 30-y; and ii) a bacterial community which was assembled largely by stochastic processes along the revegetation chronosequence. Taken together, our results highlight that knowledge on dynamics of diazotroph community (composition, diversity and functioning) is important to understand ecological mechanisms regulating belowground community along revegetation process.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Chronic dry nitrogen inputs alter soil microbial community composition in Southern California semi-arid shrublands

    Grant T.Sethuraman A.Escobar M.A.Vourlitis G.L....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsAtmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition represents an important input of N into natural ecosystems such as semiarid shrublands of Southern California, which can receive up to 45 kg N ha?1 y?1. These N inputs will presumably alter soil microbial abundance and composition and impact ecosystem N and carbon (C) cycles. We used a 16S rRNA sequencing-based approach to characterize shifts in soil bacterial communities in chaparral and coastal sage scrub (CSS) shrublands that received annual inputs of 50 kg N ha?1 over a period of 14 years. Experimental N addition caused shifts in bacterial taxonomic composition in these shrublands. CSS exposed to N had an increase in Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes, while N inputs to chaparral caused an increase in Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes and a decrease in Acidobacteria. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that extractable NH4 and/or NO3 concentrations were a strong predictor of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (positive) and Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (negative) abundance. Increases in soil pH were coincident with declines in Proteobacteria but increases in Acidobacteria, while increases in total C were positively correlated with Acidobacteria abundance. These results support the hypothesis that long-term N inputs in semi-arid shrublands promote the growth of copiotrophic taxa, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, and inhibit the growth of oligotrophic taxa like Acidobacteria. Nitrogen addition failed to affect α-diversity at the phylum level but significantly increased α-diversity of bacterial genera, and indicator species analyses revealed more genera associated with N treatment plots (125) than control plots (91). These results imply that future increases in N deposition will alter soil microbial abundance and community composition, and in turn, affect ecosystem C and nutrient cycling in these semi-arid shrublands.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Review on migration, transformation and ecological impacts of microplastics in soil

    Zhao S.Chen L.Cui Q.Fang L....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.As a type of emerging pollutant, microplastics exist widely in soil and continue to migrate and transform. Recently, the potential threats of microplastics to soil health and ecological environment have attracted extensive concern. Here, this review discussed the various sources and distribution, and then highlighted the migration, transformation, and ecological impacts of microplastics in soil. Microplastics mainly entered soil through mulch degradation, application of organic fertilizer, and plastic landfill, and their distribution in soil systems showed significant spatial differences. Abiotic and biotic processes, especially leaching and bioturbation, accelerate the vertical and horizontal migration of microplastics in soil systems, thus expanding their pollution range. Mechanical wear, oxidation process and biological factors are the main driving forces for the physical, chemical, and biological transformations of microplastics in soil. Furthermore, soil structure, nutrient cycling, and microbial community were affected by microplastics, which depend on the shape, polymer type, size, and concentration of the microplastics. Based on the present review, we further propose several critical challenges and directions for improving the knowledge on migration simulation, microbial degradation, and ecological impacts of microplastics in the soil systems. This review would help to better understanding the environmental behavior of microplastics in soil and its potential risks to soil health.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier