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Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Academic Press,
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

Academic Press,

0885-5765

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology/Journal Physiological and Molecular Plant PathologySCIISTP
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    MdWRKY61 positively regulates resistance to Colletotrichum siamense in apple (Malus domestica)

    Guo, WeiChen, WenjunGuo, NanZang, Jian...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Apple trees encounter problems such as stressful environments and pathogen infection throughout their entire growth and development, which limits apple production. WRKY transcription factors play a vital role in the defense against pathogens, but their functions in apple trees need to be further explored. In this study, the MdWRKY61 gene, which encodes the WRKY61 protein of the WRKY group II family, was isolated from GL-3 apple. Tobacco subcellular localization experiments showed that the MdWRKY61 protein is located in the nucleus. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis suggested that MdWRKY61 is highly expressed in the roots and fruits of apples and is rapidly induced in response to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and Colletotrichum siamense. We obtained MdWRKY61 overexpression lines through Agrobacterium-mediated stable genetic transformation of apple. Subsequent experiments revealed that overexpression of MdWRKY61 increased the resistance of apple to Colletotrichum siamense and promoted the upregulation of defense-related gene expression. Taken together, our data provide insights that MdWRKY61 plays an important role in apple resistance to fungal disease.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-genotoxic, and anticancer activities of different Ocimum plant extracts prepared by ultrasound-assisted method

    Anusmitha, Koolamchal MadhuAruna, MundakaniJob, Joice TomNarayanankutty, Arunaksharan...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The genus Ocimum belonging to the family Lamiaceae, have been widely used in traditional medicines for the management of inflammation, dysentery, and chronic diarrhea as well as insect bites. The study aims to evaluate the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ocimum gratissimum (OG), O. basilicum (OB), O. canum (OC), O. kilimandscharicum (OK), O. tenuiflorum (OT), and O. citriodorum (OXC) extracted in an ultrasoundassisted manner. There observed significantly higher polyphenols in OB (246.2 +/- 8.0 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity in OG terms of DPPH radical (14.73 +/- 0.54 mu g/mL), ABTS+ radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays (in OB with IC50 values 9.46 +/- 0.28 and 6.22 +/- 0.13 mu g/mL); the most active extract was OB and OG. Similarly, OB, OG and OT were shown to have higher anti-inflammatory properties in terms of nitric oxide scavenging and lipoxygenase inhibition. Further, using the Allium cepa model, the genotoxicity of these extracts were evaluated; however, none of these plants was shown to have any kind of genotoxic potentials till a concentration of 500 mu g/mL. Instead, they were able to protect the genotoxic effect of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) in the dividing cells of Allium cepa. Further, these extracts, especially of OG, OT and OB, were found to reduce the proliferation of human breast cancer cells (OB and OC with IC50 values 49.36 +/- 1.27 and 53.86 +/- 0.96 mu g/mL). The study identified the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-genotoxic and anticancer properties of ultrasoundassisted extracted Ocimum plants, with higher activity in OB and OG species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bioactive compounds coated 2D scaffold from seeds of Carica papaya for bacterial and parasitic skin infections

    Noman, Omar M.Nasr, Fahd A.Gnanamangai, Balasubramanian MythiliRamachandran, Govindan...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The plant papaya as Carica papaya L. grows wild and is an economically important seasonal fruit which grows in tropical regions as well as sub-tropical regions. These papaya fruits have some carbohydrates and water, that are low in calories but rich in minerals such as vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C. It also constitutes carbohydrates, proteins, proteolytic enzymes (papain and quimiopapain) and alkaloids (carpaine and pseudocarpaine). The special functions of Papaya Seeds Extract (PSE), has been identified as anti-bacterial, anti-fertility, antihelminthic, anti-amoebic activities and anti-parasitic activities. BITC (benzyl -isothiocyanate) is a bioactive substance present in papaya seeds which has been widely studied among different areas due to its vast application. Like BITC, there are many compounds present in the papaya seeds which are useful in treating bacterial and parasitic skin infections. The present study focus on such un explored compounds namely n-hexadecanoic acid, 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester, 9-octadecenoic acid (z) - 2, 3dihydroxypropyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid (z) - 2, 3dihydroxypropyl ester and (Z, Z)-Octadeca-5,9-dienic acid, picolinyl ester from the papaya seeds was extracted using methanol as solvent. Purification of compounds was performed for the extraction and identified through GC-MS analysis. From this study, the identified compounds having antiparasitic and antibacterial activity were incorporated into 2D scaffolds which are used for the treatment of skin infections especially psoriasis.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of Arctigenin from Saussurea heteromalla for in vitro and in silico cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells

    Batool, AzraMiana, Ghulam AbbasAlam, MahboobKhan, Muhammad Tariq...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ethnopharmacological relevance of Saussurea species to anticancer compounds instigated the present research. Therefore to search the bioactive anticancer lead compound (s) scientifically bioactivity guided fractionation of Saussurea heteromalla (Compositae) was carried out that resulted in the isolation and characterization of three butyrolactone (lignan) secondary metabolites i.e. arctigenin (1), arctiin (2) and matairesinol (3). Compounds (1) and (2) were already reported in S. heteromalla, whereas compound (3) is isolated for the first time in present study. Moreover in vitro antiproliferative activity of arctigenin against HeLa cells (IC50:11.04 mu g/ml) along with its docking against two HeLa proteins cellular tumor antigen p53 " - 7.31 kcal/mol" and NF-kappa B " - 6.31 kcal/ mol" are reported here for the first time. These docking results support the cytotoxic potential of arctigenin and authenticate it as valuable drug for cervical cancer. Based on cytotoxic activity and docking results compound (1) is striking substrate for further research to explore its mechanism of action in vivo. The structure of three compounds was elucidated by the interpretation of their ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR and UV results and by comparison to the already published data.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Variations in the composition, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of natural polyphenols of edible oils extracted from fresh and dried coconut testa

    Narayanankutty, ArunaksharanKunnath, KrishnaprasadFamurewa, Ademola C.Ramesh, Varsha...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Coconut is a commonly consumed palm variety in various south Asian countries including India and Sri Lanka. The important products obtained from the coconut palm are tender water, edible oils from coconut kernel and milk. The coconut kernel-derived edible oils are widely recognized as functional foods and are reported to be beneficial in various non-communicable diseases. However, the coconut testa oil (CTO) extracted from the testa of coconut is a less explored product and has significant nutritional and pharmacological importance. In this study, the phenolic component characterization, anti-radical potentials and subsequent alleviating effect of polyphenols isolated from CTO prepared from fresh (CTOF) and dried (CTOD) coconut testa against free radical-induced cell death were analyzed. The total polyphenols and flavonoids content of CTOD was found to be higher than the CTOF (p < 0.05); further, the phenolic profiling indicated the possible flavonoids present in the CTOD. In cultured normal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), the CTOD had a significantly higher protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced damages than the CTOF at their similar doses. The pre-treatment increased the intra-cellular antioxidant levels, enzyme activities and subsequently reducing cellular oxidized lipid content. Further, the anti-inflammatory effect of CTOD and CTOF was evaluated against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macro-phages; the CTOD was efficient in reducing the cytokine release induced by the LPS and nitric oxide radical production inhibition compared to the CTOF. Overall, the present study identifies that the CTO prepared from dried coconut testa contain higher polyphenols and also have significantly higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A rapid fungal DNA extraction method suitable for PCR screening fungal mutants, infected plant tissue and spore trap samples

    Pilo, PaolaTiley, Anna M. M.Lawless, ColleenKarki, Sujit J....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Current DNA extraction methods from filamentous fungi take from an hour to a full day. These methods require buffers and tools for grinding fungal tissues. Although commercial extraction kits can reduce the amount of time spent preparing and extracting genomic DNA from fungal samples, these can be expensive. Here we describe a quick and inexpensive sonication technique to extract genomic DNA from filamentous fungi without buffer which can be used to perform PCR in under an hour. DNA was extracted from Zymoseptoria tritici, Fusarium graminearum and Botrytis cinerea in vitro cultures, Z. tritici asexual fruiting bodies and directly from spore trap tapes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Plant-associated Bacillus and Pseudomonas antimicrobial activities in plant disease suppression via biological control mechanisms-A review

    Dimkic, IvicaJanakiev, TamaraPetrovic, MarijaDegrassi, Giuliano...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Biocontrol strains from the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas and their bioactive secondary metabolites may be considered beneficial for plant health, since they act through several mechanisms, including direct antibiosis, plant growth promotion and the induction of systemic resistance in the plant hosts. These beneficial bacteria have been proven to be very active against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, nematodes and different insects. Direct antibiosis, an induced immune system response (ISR) in the host plant and competition for nutrients and space are the most common biocontrol potential of these genera. Species belonging to the Bacillus genus are commonly considered ideal due to their rapid growth, ease of handling and excellent colonizing properties. These endospore-forming Bacillus strains are capable of suppressing and inhibiting plant pathogens, both indi-rectly by competing with the pathogens for a niche or nutrient requirements, or directly by producing various lipopeptide compounds such as iturin, surfactin and fengycin, which are active on many plant pathogens. Furthermore, they are also capable of inducing systemic resistance in plants through the production of volatile substances including alcohols, aldehydes, aromatics, sulfides and ketones. Lipopeptides, polyketides and volatiles from Bacillus spp. can stimulate the expression of genes coding for pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and other defense-related proteins in the plant hosts through the activation of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) or ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. In addition, inhibition of quorum sensing in competitive bacteria and the capability to downregulate expression of genes involved in mycelial growth, penetration, sporulation and the virulence of a fungal pathogen is another property of Bacillus strains and their volatiles. The Pseudomonas genus is rich in species with the potential for biocontrol with positive effects on plant welfare, which actively participate in complex plant-pathogen-antagonist interaction. The most common molecules involved in this mechanism are, among others, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, phenazine-1-carboxamide, pyoluteorin and pyrrolnitrin. Cyclic lipopeptides from Pseudomonas spp. such as nunamycin, nunapeptin, brasmycin and braspeptin were intensively studied as agents for plant biocontrol and biostimulation in agriculture. Nunamycin, nunapeptin, brasmycin and braspeptin were identified as essential in the antifungal role. Furthermore, phena-zines, sessilins and orfamides were shown to have additive roles in the suppression of some fungal diseases. Additionally, Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp. produce chitinases, glucanases and proteases involved in the sup-pression of many fungal diseases. Their production is mainly induced by the presence of fungal pathogen biomass and their cell wall. This review provides an updated overview of the antimicrobial activity of plant-associated Bacillus and Pseudomonas involved in plant disease suppression via biological control mechanisms, including their molecular basis and direct activity, offering a better understanding in preventing different pests.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bioactive potential of Albizia lebbeck extract against phytopathogens and protective properties on tomato plant against speck disease in greenhouse

    Arasu, Mariadhas ValanAl-Dhabi, Naif AbdullahChoi, Ki ChoonBensy, Asha Devasahayam Vincent...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tomato plant is one of the important crops in tropical countries and various bacterial and fungal pathogens affected yield. Among fungal and bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae affected the leaves of tomato under field and green house conditions and caused bacterial speck disease. The ethyl acetate extract of Albizia lebbeck bark showed maximum zone of inhibition against P. syringae (24 +/- 1 mm) and P. corrugate (21 +/- 2 mm), and Xanthomonas campestris (21 +/- 2 mm), whereas chloroform extract was effective against P. syringae (25 +/- 1 mm) and X. campestris (22 +/- 2 mm). The MIC value was 250 +/- 0 mu g/mL (chloroform extract), and 300 +/- 25 mu g/mL (ethyl acetate extract), respectively against P. syringae. The solvent fractions of A. lebbeck bark extract showed potential antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic effect of the bark extract was concentration dependent, moreover the ethyl acetate extract showed maximum cytotoxic effect and low LC50 value (69.5 mu g/mL). A. lebbeck bark extract reduced disease incidence caused by P. syringae in green house (P < 0.05). The bark extract has demonstrated antibacterial activity on phytopathogens and could be used against speck disease in tomato plant.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Life-history strategies and virulence in the pinewood nematode

    Pimentel, Carla S.Ayres, Matthew P.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：We assessed variation and covariation in life history traits of the forest pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from a native population in North America. We tested for relationships between life history traits and virulence. There was more than two-fold variation among isolates from the same forest in their population growth rates when feeding on commonly co-occurring fungus. Slow-growing isolates were more sensitive to monoterpenes and fastgrowing isolates displayed higher virulence, but only at high doses and in physiologically compromised hosts. Capacity to feed on pine tissues and tolerate some exposure to monoterpenes seems to be intrinsic to native populations of B. xylophilus.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Influence of RNA interference of phytochrome A1 gene on activity of antioxidant system in cotton

    Kamburova, Venera S.Ubaydullaeva, Khurshida A.Shermatov, Shukhrat E.Buriev, Zabardast T....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil salinity is one of the limiting factors in the cotton productivity throughout the world. Therefore, it is essential to generate salt-resistant cotton varieties. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanisms of salt tolerance in Porloq cotton varieties created using RNA interference of the phytochrome A1 gene. Considering the protective role of antioxidants, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant enzymes activity were assessed to reveal a correlation with the presence of a hairpin structure in the different cotton genotypes. It was shown that lower ROS accumulation and the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes correlated with the presence of insertion of the vector construct in the cotton genome. The reduced content of ROS and enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes was found in modified cotton varieties and lines compared to unmodified controls. In conclusion, our data indicates that the resistance to salt stress in Porloq cotton varieties (created using RNA interference) is mediated by increased antioxidant system activity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier