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Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Academic Press,
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

Academic Press,

0885-5765

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology/Journal Physiological and Molecular Plant PathologySCIISTP
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    Recent advances in postharvest technology of Asia pears fungi disease control: A review

    Oyom, WilliamLi, Yong-caiPrusky, DovZhang, Zhong...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Postharvest storability of Asia pears is a powerful challenge due to fungi infection. Spoilage diseases such as blue mold, black spot rot, and brown rot reduce the fruit quality and shelf-life, resulting in significant economic losses. Control of postharvest diseases with chemical fumigation has proven effective against fungal infections, however, environmental impact and development of resistant strains limit their full utilization. Non-chemical treatments such as hot water dip and biological control, when used alone or combined with other techniques have been demonstrated to be effective and reliable in retarding microbial growth while retaining the physiological and sensory qualities of Asia pears under different storage conditions. Edible coatings, gaseous ozone, and irradiations are among a few emerging techniques that have shown great potential and are widely used in the preservation of fresh produce. However, key knowledge on their optimization and mode of action in postharvest fungi diseases control is limited. This review provides a complete description of the various fungi causing disease in Asia pears, their source of infection, and symptoms of spoilage. An overview of the existing and emerging postharvest diseases control methods and their mechanism of action on spoilage pathogen are discussed. The current drawbacks of these technologies and their potential scope for commercial applications are well addressed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Morphological and molecular characterization of Burkholderia glumae causing panicle blight of paddy

    Gowda, Abhishekh H. R.Tripathi, RuchiTewari, RashmiVishunavat, K....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bacterial panicle blight (BPB) is one of the emerging diseases of paddy in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand. The present investigation was conducted to isolate and identify the cause of BPB, to detect the pathogen longevity in in-vitro stored paddy seeds and glass house conditions and to identify the most susceptible stage for pathogen infection. 42 rice panicle samples from different paddy growing regions of the Tarai areas were analyzed, and the bacterium was isolated from different parts of paddy seeds. The isolated bacterial strains were characterized culturally in semi-selective media (S-PG), morphologically (SEM) and molecularly (16S rRNA). A total of 16 samples produced yellow colored colonies on King's B medium and 9 samples produced brisk yellow colored colonies on the S-PG agar suggesting them to be of B. glumae. However with PCR reactions we found that 2 strains out of 9 were of B. glumae and the causal agent for the other sample remains unknown. Recovery of bacterium from infected stored seeds was also studied at monthly intervals from harvest to next growing season and maximum recovery was observed from the seeds just after harvest (91%) which although decreased with the storage period but the bacterium did not get completely eliminated during the course of storage. On exploring the different growth stages for most susceptible stage of infection, boot leaf and panicle initiation stages were found to be equally susceptible with 93.33% disease incidence. These findings suggest that B. glumae is distributed generally in the paddy seed and can also survive in it for a longer duration thereby acting as a source of inoculums for the next cropping season. These findings will help to understand the mode of survival of bacteria in plants and its longevity in seeds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris extracts and antibacterial activity against pathogenic multidrug resistance bacteria

    Alkufeidy, Roua M.Al Farraj, Dunia A.Aljowaie, Reem M.Ali, M. Ajmal...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：The antibiotic-resistance represent a global concern due to capability of Bacteria to continuously evolution unique mechanisms of resistance against different antimicrobial classes, thus, there is un argent need to discover new antibiotics with novel chemical structure and unique mechanism of action. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris leaves extracts against several bacterial pathogens including Multiple drug resistance (MDR) strains. T. vulgaris leaves extracts showed a potent antibacterial activity against tested pathogens including the Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Multiple drug resistance A. baumannii with obvious superiority for ethyl acetate extract. The most susceptible pathogen was S. typhimurium by 30 mm and 40 mm zone of inhibition for hexane and ethyl acetate extracts respectively followed by B. subtilis whereas E. faecalis and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus were the least affected with inhibition zone of 18 mm and 17 mm respectively for ethyl acetate extract. The MIC value for ethyl acetate extract ranged between <78 and 312 mu g/mL, Multiple drug resistance A. baumannii showed an interested susceptibility to ethyl acetate extract by MIC of 156 312 mu g/mL. Phenol 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) commonly known as carvacrol was the major compound (9.5%) in the leaves extracts of T. vulgaris, carvacrol reported to possesses potent antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria, thus the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and hexane may attributed to this compound alone or in synergy with other molecules of the extract including benzene 1-methyl4-(1-methylethyl) similar to(5%), Bicyclo[5.2.0]nonane, 2-methylene-4,8,8-trimethyl-4-vinylv (2.5%) and borneol (2.2%). Our data obtained in this work showed the important of natural products as source for compounds with biological activities. Thus Further chemical tests are needed to purify the compound to which the antibacterial activity is attributed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    In vivo evaluation of protective effect of Sargassum fusiforme on cisplatin induced hepato-renal toxicity

    Natarajan, A.Jayavelu, A.Thangamani, R.Prabakarakrishnan, R....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Hepato and Nephro toxicity is a known factor in cisplatin treated cancer patients. The present study is to investigate the chemical constituents of ethanolic extract of Sargassum fusiforme and the treatment efficacy of S. fusiforme against cisplatin induced hepato-nephro toxicity. Chemical components like 1, 19-Eicosadiene, Palmitic acid and 11-Dodecen-1-ol Trifluoroacetate were explored from ethanol extract of S. fusiforme by using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph (GC-MS). Cisplatin (single dose-5 mg/kg of body weight) was used to induce toxicity to rats by intraperitoneal injection. Seaweed ethanol extract of S. fusiforme at the different doses of 250, 350 and 450 mg/kg of b.w were orally administered to rats. Liver functioning enzymes like AST, ALP, ALT, Bilirubin, Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were elevated in cisplatin administered rats when compared with control and whereas S. fusiforme treated rats showed that these enzyme levels were decreased when compared with cisplatin. Expression of kidney markers like serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphorous were significantly increased with normalization of histological architecture in S. fusiforme treated rats when compared with cisplatin induced rats. The present study confirmed that the treatment with ethanol extract of S. fusiforme can be restoring the enzyme levels and architecture of hepato and nephro tissue damage induced by cisplatin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Thottea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou leaf methanolic extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TLR4 activation and cytokine production as well as ethyl methyl sulfonate induced genotoxicity

    Tom, AlbyJob, Joice TomRajagopal, RajakrishnanAlfarhan, Ahmed...
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Inflammation is the underlying factor for degenerative diseases; hence, targeting inflammatory cascades are of greater importance in preventing these disorders. The traditionally used medical plant Thottea siliquosa is often used against inflammation associated health problems in folk medicines. To provide scientific validation to their traditional uses, the potential of the methanol extract of the plant was analyzed as a possible inflammation inhibitory agent was analyzed. The TSM pre-treatment showed significant inhibition against lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release such as IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha (p < 0.05). To provide the mechanistic basis, the qPCR analysis also showed a marked decline in the expression of inflammatory genes (toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-kB) TSM treatment. Further, the results indicated no significant toxic effects for the TSM in onion root cells. In addition, it was found to reduce the genotoxic effect of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) in the Allium cepa root cells. It is thus possible that TSM may be a possible candidate for anti-inflammatory drugs. Further, the anti-genotoxic property also indicates the possible use of the plant against different genotoxic agents.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Automated recognition of optical image based potato leaf blight diseases using deep learning

    Chakraborty, Kulendu KashyapMukherjee, RashmiChakroborty, ChandanBora, Kangkana...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The authors would also like to thank the editor in chief, associate editors and the reviewers of the journal for the time spent in reading/ handling the manuscript and for the useful comments. The third author acknowledges NITTTR Kolkata for providing support in terms of storing research data in the HPE Storage System [MSA 2060] related to this study.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dry root rot disease, an emerging threat to citrus industry worldwide under climate change: A review

    Belabess, ZinebAmiri, SaidLahlali, RachidEzrari, Said...
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：Citrus is among the most important fruit crops grown worldwide. Yet, it is known to be affected by many fungal diseases including dry root rot that is becoming a serious threat to citrus plantations worldwide, with an increasing incidence under biotic and/or abiotic stresses. Healthy trees could suddenly wilt and fall with symptoms of root rot, necrotic roots, purple wood discoloration, chlorosis, and dieback until the decline of the tree. Studies have indicated that the disease is caused by a complex of Fusarium spp., which is one of the most diverse fungi species in which Fusarium solani was reported to be the most predominant. More investigations are needed to properly identify pathogens, and understand the conditions and factors associated with dry root rot occurrence. This will help to establish and adopt a solid integrated control strategy for managing this disease. Therefore, this review focuses on symptomology and the recent progress made on morphological and molecular tools employed for accurate identification of the etiological agents associated with dry root rot, and the management strategies developed to control this disease in the recent decades. This review also highlights the new reliable alternative methods used for the control of the disease under sustainable agriculture.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Molecular characterization of Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) cluster gene family and their association with pathogenicity of the onion basal rot pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae

    Mahanty, BijayalaxmiMishra, RukminiJoshi, Raj Kumar
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The molecular determinants of Foc (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) pathogenicity are highly underexplored. The Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) (C6) subclass of zinc finger proteins are an exclusive group of transcriptional regulators associated with multiple physiological processes including development and pathogenicity in fungi. In the present study, we used a genome-wide approach and detected 398C6-type genes (FOXCZF1-398) distributed throughout the Foc genome. The identified proteins were divided into 15 subgroups, majority of which (251, 63%) demonstrated the presence of the highly conserved C-6 (CX(2)CX(6)CX6CX(2)CX6C) domain. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the Foc C6-type genes into 12 groups with 45% encoding for fungal specific transcription factors and 17% encoded proteins had a unique developmental specific DUF3468 DNA binding domain. In planta gene expression analysis revealed significant induced expression of a selective group of Foc C6-type genes from group IV and VII. The induced C6-type genes were predicted to be paralogous to the virulence regulatory genes (FTF1 and FTF2) of Fusarium oxysporum. Overall, our study provide a comprehensive information on the genome organization and expression profile of the C6-type gene family in Foc which would form the basis for further analyzing their potential role in regulating pathogenicity to onion by controlling the effector expression in Foc.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Shockwave treated seed germination and physiological growth of Vigna mungo (L) in red soil environment

    Ramesh, R.Vidhya, V.Khan, F. Liakath AliAlnasrawi, Abeer Muhammed...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study, the effect created using shock waves in the germination of the seedlings and growth aspects of the plant species Vigna mungo were investigated by studying agronomical traits, biochemical and phytochemical compounds. The test sample seeds were irradiated with shock waves with Mach numbers 1.7 and 2.2 through three shock pulses (5, 10 and 15 pulses) formed by the physically operated shock tube. After the shock wave treatment, the raw seeds and the shock pulse loaded seeds were sowed into the tested red soil at a simultaneous time and the physiological parameters like germination time, the height of the plant, shoot length, leaves count, branches produced, flower counts, and seeds produced from the plant were measured for every 5 days of by the POT analysis method. After 83 days of vegetation, the parts of the plants were harvested, and the specimens were analyzed using qualitative biochemical and phytochemical studies. The outcomes revealed that there is an increasing trend in the chlorophyll content of the shock - loaded seed samples over the control one. Similarly, there is an appreciable increasing trend in the phytochemicals was observed in the shock loaded seeds with comparison to the control. The study conducted by the application of shock pulses in the germination of seeds and improvement of the plant growth needs to be explored in the future with much more studies especially testing the hormonal changes produced by the shock in the seeds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Plant secondary metabolites extracted from Acorus calamus rhizome from Western Ghats, India and repellent activity on Sitophilus oryzae

    Elshikh, Mohamed S.Rani, E.Al Farraj, Dunia A.Al-Hemaid, Fahad M. A....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Medicinal plants are widely used to treat various ailments and Acorus calamus L. is one of the medicinal plants has ethnomedicinal significance. The rhizome of A. calamus was used for the extraction of phytochemicals using various solvent. The methanol extract showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids. Biological study reported higher antimicrobial array for methanolic extract of A. calamus than other solvent extracts. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of alcohol, alkenes, carbonyl, aromatic, amine, methylene, venyl, phenyl, ether, cyclic ether, aromatic cyclic ether, and primary amines. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of compounds such as asarone, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9, 15-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (z,z)- and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z). The methanolic extract of A. calamus was highly effective against bacteria such as, S. epidermis (5 mu g/mL), P. vulgaris (5 mu g/mL) and B. cereus (5 mu g/mL). A. calamus extract was active against the tested Sitophilus oryzae, the insecticidal activity was dose dependence, and activity increased with higher doses and increased with incubation times. At 125, 250, 375, 500, 625 and 750 mu g/cm2 concentration, the insecticidal repellent activity was 13.8 +/- 1.4%, 17.4 +/- 2.3%, 22.3 +/- 1.7%, 31.8 +/- 2.6%, 44.1 +/- 1.3%, and 44.2 +/- 2.4, respectively after 24 h incubation. This study has demonstrated that methanolic rhizome extracts of A. calamus has significant antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and insecticidal activity against pathogenic plant bacterial pathogens and insect pests, it could be of high agricultural and pharmacological value.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier