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Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Academic Press,
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

Academic Press,

0885-5765

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology/Journal Physiological and Molecular Plant PathologySCIISTP
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    Influence of gamma irradiation on the isolation of bioactive 4-hydroxyisoluceine compound from fenugreek and its enhanced antifungal properties

    Gajbar T.D.Satapute P.Jogaiah S.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIn the current study, the influence of gamma radiation for the enhanced activity of 4-hydroxyisoluceine (4-HIL) that posses an in vitro inhibition of blast pathogen, thereby protecting rice plants was thoroughly investigated. It was found that methanolic crude extract of 20 Gy gamma irradiated extract provided remarkable saponin content (7.15 g 100 g?1) compared to non-irradiated extracts. When irradiated and non-irradiated crude extracts on separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed an Rf value of 0.61 that matched with the Rf value of the standard 4-HIL compound. Further, the TLC partial purified compound (10 μl) upon ejected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) produced a single peak at a retention time of 5.1 min. Moreover, a fair to good anti-blast properties was noticed in all the concentrations of the purified 4-HIL compound. Analyses of anti-blast compound using liquid chromatography-mass (LCMS) spectrometry and 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) detected the presence of 4-HIL at m/z value of 146 and CD3OD resonating at 3.86 ppm respectively. Lastly, under greenhouse conditions, primed plants with 4-HIL compound at 150 μg mL?1 showed a significant disease protection of 77% over the control plants. Overall, this study witnessed an enhanced anti-blast secondary compound from fenugreek seeds irradiated with gamma rays which can be used as safe agrochemicals for plant protection, particularly for rice production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Capsicum hypocotyls mycobiome diversity is unaffected by Phytophthora capsici inoculation

    Garces-Fiallos F.R.Alberto Saltos L.Corozo-Quinonez L.Pacheco-Coello R....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Mycobiome of the plant-associated microbial community is important in affecting plant biological processes and plant-pathogen interactions. Most studies have emphasized on the bacterial microbiome of plants, yet mycobiome is new in this area. The aim of this work is to perform metagenomic analysis of mycobiota associated with hypocotyls of Capsicum sp. infected by Phytophthora capsici to provide better insights in understanding the pathogenicity and disease control in Capsicum sp.-P. capsici system. Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region was used for the identification of fungi species in the metagenomic study. Monozoosporic strains of P. capsici was used to infect different Capsicum spp. (Marcato, ECU-9129, Nathalie and ECU-12831 genotypes) that were available locally in Ecuador. According to the symptoms and the hypocotyls' colonization by P. capsici in Capsicum genotypes, these were classified among resistant (ECU-9129, ECU-12831 and Nathalie) and susceptible (Marcato). Regarding the analysis, values of Shannon's diversity index, Simpson's Dominance index, and evenness were found to be 1.82–1.92, 0.75–0.77, and 0.36–0.38, respectively. Families Didymellaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, and Trichocomaceae were more abundant in the mycobiota of hypocotyls in Capsicum spp.-P. capsici pathosystem. Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed that the two principal components account for 44%, 54.1% and 37.2% of the variation for the Families, Genus and Species, respectively. This analysis suggested that the mycobiome is unaffected by P. capsici, this being exclusive to the Capsicum genotype. These findings could be important in understanding the role of the microbiome in resistant plants to oomycetes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The defense response of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) induced by exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune

    Yu H.-L.Kim J.-Y.Kang H.-W.Lim S.-H....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022β-glucan, a major cell wall component of fungal species, functions as an elicitor inducing plant defense activities. The exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune HNU-12 (SC-EP) showed a protective effect on pepper against Phytophthora blight disease. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the expression of defense genes, CaBPR1, CaBGLU and CaPR-4 was significantly induced in SC-EP and DL-β-aminobutyric acid-treated pepper leaves. Furthermore, phenolic compounds, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and salicylic acid contents increased in SC-EP-treated pepper leaves. Our findings indicate that SC-EP can be used as an elicitor to induce defense activities against Phytophthora blight of pepper.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Population analysis on tomato spotted wilt virus isolates inducing various symptoms on tomato, pepper, and Chenopodium album in Turkey

    Morca A.F.Coskan S.Akbas B.Celik A....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdMolecular identification of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been conducted in several surveys in Turkey, but the population structure of the virus in the country remains unknown. During 2019–2020, 227 viral symptomatic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and weeds leaf samples were collected from Ankara, Bart?n, Eskisehir, Konya, and Zonguldak provinces. RT-PCR tests confirmed TSWV infection in 99 tomato, pepper, and Chenopodium album samples (43.6%). Phylogenetic analysis based on complete nucleotide sequences of N gene clustered the 23 newly sequenced Turkish isolates and other 281 isolates in NCBI GenBank into three major clades: p202/3WT, Tarquinia, and p105. All tested Turkish isolates were included in either p202/3WT or p105 clade. Global isolates retained high nucleotide and amino acids identity for N gene according to percentage identity analysis. N gene of TSWV was under very strong negative selection pressures, as shown by the very low ω values (<0.15) for all analyzed populations. Three neutrality tests also suggested that these populations are undergoing balancing selection by assigning negative values to most of them. The genetic differentiation and gene flow analysis among three clades demonstrated that they are genetically divergent from each other, but their medium FST values of around 0.5 showed that gene flows among clades are rare. This is the first detailed study on the genetic diversity and population structure of TSWV in Turkey.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Association analysis of yellow rust, fusarium head blight, tan spot, powdery mildew, and brown rust horizontal resistance genes in wheat

    Fallahi H.A.Dehghan M.A.Dadras A.R.Katouzi M....
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Identification of resistance sources in wheat germplasm is necessary to control prevalent disease. In order to, detecting resistant individual, cluster analysis, genetic diversity, population structure, and also for identifying novel molecular markers associated with horizontal resistance genes, 297 wheat genotypes were examined. To this end, five separate experiments were conducted in Gharakhil-Qaemshahr using α‐lattice design with three replications. The five experiments evaluated the genotypes’ resistance to wheat diseases. The genotype by trait biplot demonstrated that genotype 19 had the highest single disease resistance to yellow rust, fusarium head blight, and tan spot diseases. Moreover, Genotypes 27 and 3 had the highest single disease resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust diseases, respectively. The genotypes 27, 17, 27, and 19 had the highest joint disease resistance of yellow rust-brown rust, yellow rust-powdery mildew, brown rust-powdery mildew and fusarium head blight-tan spot, respectively. Furthermore, the former, genotype 17, was introduced as the most resistant genotype in the studied germplasm because it had the shortest distance from the ideal genotype. Cluster analysis using iPBS and SSR showed four and five different clusters, respectively. The iPBS2383 and BARC1027 markers had the highest values of genetic diversity indices. The structure analysis demonstrated four and five potential subgroups using iPBSs and SSRs, respectively. The iPBS2226C and BARC275 (yellow rust resistance), iPBS2080A and BARC17 (fusarium head blight resistance), iPBS2383D and BARC87 (tan spot resistance), iPBS2271A and BARC318 (powdery mildew resistance), iPBS2217B and BARC303 (brown rust resistance) had the highest R2 (P < 0.01) and were detected by both general and mixed linear models. Overall, the 37 and 6 novel marker-trait associations were traced for single and joint diseases resistance, respectively. To suggest that after the confirmation and validation of the informative markers identified in the current study, they can be used in fine mapping and marker-assisted selection to provide cultivars resistant to prevalent diseases.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide characterization of NBS-LRR family genes and expression analysis under powdery mildew stress in Lagenaria siceraria

    Wang J.Wu X.Wang Y.Wang B....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? Elsevier LtdAs the largest group of plant resistance genes, the nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes play a critical role in plant disease defense system. The bottle gourd is a distinctive horticultural crop of the Cucurbitaceae family and powdery mildew is one of the major diseases jeopardizing crop production and quality. In this study, we have identified 84 NBS-LRR genes and divided into seven subfamilies. Phylogenetic tree and motif analysis grouped these genes into two major clusters with toll/interleukin-1 like receptor (TIR) domain or a coiled-coil domain. Subsequently, duplication events, motif sequence, orthologous gene cluster, protein-protein interaction, cis-elements were analyzed. 12 pairs of tandem duplicated genes and two pairs of segmental duplicated genes were detected in NBS-LRR family. 14 singleton genes and 62 functional cis-elements were found. The structure of 27 proteins were constructed by homology modeling and divided into five different types. 34 differentially expressed genes of NBS-LRR genes were found in PM-resistant and PM-susceptible line. Expression of NBS-LRR genes were validated by qRT-PCR under PM stress and gene Lsi04g015960 with powdery mildew8 (RPW8) domain was significantly up-regulated in PM-resistant variety. Our study provides fundamental insights of NBS-LRR family genes in bottle gourd and find a potential candidate gene Lsi04g015960 for PM tolerance breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative physiological and transcriptomic profiles reveal regulatory mechanisms of soft rot disease resistance in Amorphophallus spp.

    Wei H.Yang M.Ke Y.Liu J....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdAmorphophallus spp. are important industrial crops in Southwest China. Unfortunately, bacterial disease is one of the factors limiting the development of the Amorphophallus spp. industry. Soft rot can be caused by the pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) and leads to large-scale losses in Amorphophallus spp. quality and production. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of Amorphophallus spp. to Pcc remain largely unknown. This study compared two species of Amorphophallus, A. muelleri and A. konjac, to explore Pcc resistance by combined physiological and transcriptome analysis. On the basis of phenotype analysis, A. muelleri exhibited higher resistance to Pcc than A. konjac. Moreover, the transcriptomes of A. muelleri and A. konjac were assembled, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated. Significant categories including the plant hormone transduction pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and plant pathogen interaction pathway were identified. Among these pathways, small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR), ethylene responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), peroxidase (POD), WRKY transcription factor, Ca2+ sensor-related and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes were upregulated in A. muelleri, which may be involved in the regulation of energy, oxidative stress and signal transduction upon exposure to Pcc infection. The transcription levels of four selected genes were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Overall, this study identifies several critical genes involved in resistance to soft rot disease in Amorphophallus spp. and provides a theoretical foundation for identifying potential targets for metabolic engineering for disease control.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Influence of reductive soil disinfestation on the chemical and microbial characteristics of a greenhouse soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum

    Zhu W.Wang W.Hong C.Zhu F....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an eco-friendly and effective approach to control a wide range of soil-borne pathogens. As the application of organic matter is crucial for the success of RSD, the efficacy of reductive soil disinfestation incorporated with silkworm excrement (SE) for Fusarium oxysporum suppression was evaluated. Quantitative and cultivable experiments showed that F. oxysporum declined markedly in all anaerobic treatments regardless of SE additive amount (0, 0.5%, and 1%). However, pot experiment revealed that F. oxysporum significantly decreased only in the RSD-treated soil after pepper planting, especially in the soil amended with 1% SE. Then, the dissimilarities among soil microbial communities after RSD treatment and pepper planting were investigated by MiSeq sequencing. PCoA analysis showed that RSD treatment significantly altered bacterial and fungal community structure compared with that of the flooding and control soils. The bacterial taxa UC-Rhodothermaceae, UC-BSV40, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_8, UC-Coriobacteriaceae, Microvirga, and Oxobacter, and the fungal taxa, UC-Myriangiales, Sordaria, Trichoderma, and Cutaneotrichosporon, most of which were dominant microorganisms in the RSD soil, showed negative relationships with F. oxysporum. After pepper planting, several profitable strains, such as Mortierella, Apodospora and Chrysosporium, also markedly increased in the RSD soil. Taken together, this work provides a preliminary insight into the effect of RSD incorporated with SE on pathogen suppression during the anaerobic process and the planting stage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier