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Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Academic Press,
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

Academic Press,

0885-5765

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology/Journal Physiological and Molecular Plant PathologySCIISTP
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    Effective and durable systemic wheat-induced resistance by a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria consortium of Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 and Arthrobacter spp. strain AA against Zymoseptoria tritici and drought stress

    Samain, ErikaErnenwein, CedricAussenac, Thierry
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：For a sustainable environment, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are natural resources considering as one of the most important fungicides' alternatives inducing resistance to plant diseases.& nbsp;The aim of the present work is to investigate the synergistic promotion effect of a PGPR mixture composed of Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 (PB2) and Arthrobacter spp. strain AA (AA), referred hereafter as Mix-2, on the wheat growth, resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola), the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and drought stress.& nbsp;The results of the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed a helpful effect of AA for wheat-root external and internal colonization with PB2. Interestingly, in non-stress conditions, the inoculation of wheat grains with Mix-2 (PB2:AA, 1:1), at sowing, showed an increase in almost all tested cultivars for foliar and root dry biomasses. Under drought stress, contrarily to PB2 in single inoculation, Mix-2 induced a significant tolerance in all tested cultivars for plant dry biomass and root length. On the other hand, both PB2 alone and Mix-2 induced resistance against Z. tritici with at least 50% of protection efficiency in all tested cultivars. However, Mix-2-root colonization and-induced resistance were observed at the most mature wheat growth stage. Moreover, Mix-2-induced resistance is characterized by the upregulation of gene markers of the basal defense, defense and cell rescue, reactive oxygen species, jasmonic acid, and phenylpropanoids & phytoalexins pathways. Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1), chitinase, glucanase, and flavonoides are possible gene markers for wheat resistance selection to STB.& nbsp;To conclude, the endophyte PGPR' consortium of AA and PB2 is a wheat growth promoter and inducer of a durable-systemic resistance to Z. tritici and genotype-independent tolerance to drought stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Enhanced resistance in 'shatang' mandarin fruit against Penicillium italicum caused by 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone

    Jiang, YuemingLi, TaotaoWu, YanfeiYin, Chunxiao...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum leads to considerable postharvest losses in citrus fruit. The 2-methoxy1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ), a natural compound from Chinese medicinal plant, had strong in vitro antifungal activity. Therefore, we investigated the in vivo effect of MNQ treatment against blue mold on 'shatang' mandarin fruit caused by P. italicum and the underlying mechanisms. Our results found that MNQ could suppress disease development, indicated by less severe incidence and symptoms of fruit disease. MNQ treatment maintained redox status via enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities to decrease hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and up regulating sulfoxide reductase, glutaredoxin and thioredoxin gene expression to keep protein repair ability. Meanwhile, MNQ alleviated membrane damage and protein carbonylation caused by oxidative stress. Additionally, MNQ increased the activities of defense-related enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase) and accumulation of lignin, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Moreover, we found that MNQ treatment could up-regulate abscisic acid (ABA) synthetic gene expression resulting in higher ABA content. In summary, MNQ was effective as a potential agent controlling the postharvest diseases.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Induced host defense by virulence manipulation of Erysiphe orontii through exogenous application of apoplastic nutrients

    Yousaf, Muhammad JunaidHussain, AnwarHumayun, MuhammadIqbal, Amjad...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Host apoplastic nutrients might influence the proliferating biotroph, therefore, we analyzed the effect of host apoplastic nutrients on the virulence strategy of E. orontii (a biotroph model). E. orontii was initially treated with the analogs of commonly found apoplastic nutrients in a culture media. The analogs included Cyanoalanine (CAL), Trehalose, H2O2, acidic water (0.3% H3PO4), NaNO3, and MgSO4. After pre-treatment with the analogs of apoplastic nutrients, E. orontii was then inoculated to the host plants. After 5 and 8 days of post-infection (dpi), the virulence of E. orontii was determined through the expression of 20 virulence factor and 7 host defence genes. The expression of AVRk1, Ekal1, Ekal2, Ekal3, Ekal4, Ekal5, Ekal6, Ekal7, Ekal8, Epul5, Epul6, Epul7, Epul8, Epul9, Epul10, Epul11, Epul12, Epul5, Epul17 was determined as a virulence factor and expression of PR1, ERF1, PDF1.2a, PMRs, DMRs, IOS1, MYB3R4 was determined as host defence genes. The results revealed that the tested analogs vigorously affected the phenotypic and genotypic properties of E. orontii and thus its biotrophic virulence strategy. Certainly, the exogenous application of fungal growth-promoting apoplastic nutrients (CAL or TRE) severely reduced the virulence of E. orontii. Contrarily, the stress-inducing apoplastic analogs (H2O2 or acidic water) surprisingly increased the virulence of E. orontii. Moreover, the application of NaNO3 or MgSO4 decoyed the fungal growth and thus decreasing the E. orontii virulence.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bio controlled efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis cry protein protection against tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera in a laboratory environment

    Chandrakasan, GobinathAyala, Manuel ToledanoTrejo, Juan Fernando GarciaMarcus, Gabriel...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bio-pesticides that utilize beneficial microbial agents represent a new option that can potentially reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. To facilitate control of crop pests, this study includes both selection and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains based on Cry gene content and toxicity evaluation. The result is an effective and non-hazardous polyphagous lepidopteran pest controller, Helicoverpa armigera. To achieve this objective, we selected ten soil bacteria samples selected from 10 different agricultural regions in Queretaro State, Mexico. Certainly, 65 and 130 kDa protein bands were observed in SDS-PAGE analysis of spore-crystal mixtures. Efficacy of bio-pesticides, 4 g/L effective water yielded maximum mortality; a mean of 64.88% of tomato fruit borer larvae were eliminated. The PCR sequences of bacterial strain were characterized and showed 98-99% similarity shows the distance from comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Bacillus thuringiensis.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier