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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Genomic, metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses of sweet osmanthus varieties provide insights into floral aroma formation

    Yue Y.Shi T.Liu J.Tian Q....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Sweet osmanthus is an important ornamental evergreen tree or shrub, which has been widely used in the world's subtropical landscapes and the fragrance industry due to its deliciously fragrant flowers. In this study, whole-genome resequencing, RNA sequencing, and GC-MS analysis were used to compare 30 accessions of Osmanthus fragrans to gain insights into taxonomic classification and the diversity of volatile floral scents. A total of 13,466,389 high confidence SNPs were identified from the accessions with an average sequencing depth of 16.96 × . Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the 30 ancient or improved O. fragrans genotypes with diverse origins could be roughly divided into two differentiated sweet osmanthus populations, corresponding to the autumn-flowering and the four-seasons flowering characteristics. The odor activity values and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis of GC-MS metabolomics data indicated that linalool was one of the most important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which can determine the scent diversity among different sweet osmanthus cultivars. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 23 distinct modules, four of which were highly associated with important floral VOCs. Based on WGCNA analysis, a critical enzyme gene OfHDR2.1 in the MEP pathway and its 12 co-expression transcription factors from the turquoise module were considered to play important roles in linalool synthesis among differently scented O. fragrans populations. Thus, our study provided new clues for the classification of O. fragrans cultivars and valuable genetic resources for future molecular breeding of O. fragrans accessions improved with respect to floral aroma.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    SSR and GBS based GWAS study for identification of QTLs associated with nutritional elemental in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

    Bhat K.A.Zargar S.M.Shikari A.B.Sofi P.A....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Common bean is one of the important staple food legumes, and is a potential source of minerals with high content of P, K, B and S and is being targeted for nutritional improvement to overcome mineral malnutrition and hidden hunger problem globally. In the present study, we used Genome Wide Association approach (GWAS) for P, K, B and S using a core set of 96 genotypes of common bean representing landrace diversity of Western Himalayas. Significant variation in mineral content among the genotypes was observed and an inventory of nutrients for the available germplasm was established. Four genotypes (R9, WB1680, WB923 and N13) were found with highest content of P, K, B and S respectively. Moreover, we also categorized germplasm in 10 highest and lowest genotypes for utilization in breeding program. Further, the germplasm was genotyped using SSR's and SNP's (genotyping by sequencing; GBS) for studying genetic diversity and population structure. 22 SSRs selected from the linkage map that were distributed on 11 chromosomes of common bean were used. Moreover, GBS approach was also used for dense genome wide marker coverage. Based on SSRs, germplasm was divided into 2 subpopulations whereas SNPs divided the germplasm into 5 subpopulations. GWAS was also done for both the markers systems. Our study concluded with the establishment of nutrient inventory in the available germplasm and identification of 9 significant SSR markers and 35 significant SNP markers associated with these traits, out of which 4 SSR markers were located on chromosome 2 and 7. Most of the SNP markers were located on chromosome 10 which suggest that maximum genes responsible for nutrient accumulation might be present on chromosome 10 of common bean. Further 58 candidate genes near to the vicinity of significant SNPs were identified. The significant markers associated with the traits of interest after validation can prove an asset for plant breeders to enhance the nutrient status (biofortification) of common bean which can help in tackling the malnutrition and can solve the hunger related problems majorly in the developing countries as it forms the cheap but widely used energy source in these countries.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Highly effective organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of Clivia

    Li H.Liu F.Song S.Wang C....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Clivia miniata Regel. is a world-famous ornamental and medicinal plant species. Expanding the demand for commercial Clivia cultivation requires a reliable, highly efficient, stable system for reproduction. In this study, an efficient protocol for Clivia in vitro regeneration through somatic embryogenesis via a TCL technique was established. Clivia regeneration systems were optimized for commercial application. Under complete darkness, MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 TDZ induced callus production from hypocotyls, and the callus induction rate was 25.58%. The calli were then transferred to MS media + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L TDZ media and allowed to grow for 60 days, and the callus proliferation rate reached 217%. Organogenic calli inoculated in MS media + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L BAP produced adventitious shoots, and the induction rate was 81.11%. The shoots were transferred to rooting media (1/2-strength MS media+0.5 mg/L NAA); they produced roots after 45 days, and the rooting rate was 100%. Moreover, somatic embryogenesis of Clivia could be directly induced by the use of 1 mm root TCLs of in vitro plants. In the presence of 2.0 mg/L PIC, the formation of globular embryos could be directly induced from the vascular bundles of TCLs at 45 days after inoculation. An average of 10～16 globular embryos were induced per TCL. After approximately 4 months, the somatic embryos developed into plantlets. Our in vitro propagation protocol could be used for sustainable commercial utilization as well as conservation of Clivia bioresources.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    RNA sequencing in parthenocarpic chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit reveals genes involved in transcriptional regulation of capsaicinoid biosynthesis genes responsible for the fluctuation of pungency

    Kondo F.Kumanomido Y.Nemoto K.Matsushima K....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) are a popular horticultural crop; the characteristic hot taste of chili peppers is the result of a class of compounds called capsaicinoids. In the horticultural production of such peppers, fluctuations in pungency (changes in capsaicinoid content) are an important issue, given that this fluctuation can cause confusion in the distribution or deterioration of pepper quality. Here, we sought to clarify the mechanism of this variation in pungency, specifically by investigating this variation at the transcriptome level. In the present study, we used the pungency-variable sweet chili pepper ‘Shishito’ (C. annuum) and created high-pungency seedless fruits by parthenocarpic treatment. RNA-sequencing analysis then was used to comprehensively compare gene expression in these fruits with that in less-pungent seeded fruits. We firstly profiled differentially expressed genes (DEGs) contributing to metabolic pathways involved with capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Subsequently, we employed clustering analysis (using previously published RNA-sequencing data) to explore changes in the expression of genes encoding putative transcription factors that might serve as regulators of the capsaicinoid biosynthesis genes (CABGs). Specifically, we screened nine DEGs (CaMYB31, WRKY9, TF62308, TF60920, TF62062, TF75838, ACOT9, TF62804, and TF64623) that have gene ontology related to the regulation of transcription, and found that the expression patterns of these DEGs were similar to those of several CABGs. We also employed quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction to investigate the expression (in the pungency-varied fruits) of these DEGs with putative roles in transcription. Accordingly, we observed that the transcript levels in most of these DEGs correlated positively with the amount of capsaicinoid in the placental septum. Therefore, we postulate that these DEGs with putative transcriptional regulatory roles are involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis, such that the transcript levels of these DEGs may contribute to the fluctuation of pepper pungency.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal that mid-fruit load improves the strength of source and sink in grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L.)

    Yue Y.Mao J.Li W.Wang P....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Appropriately adjusting fruit loads (FL) can promote plant productivity in the field. In the present study, physiological, transcriptomic, and gene function assays were conducted by 13C labeling, full-length RNA-seq, and gene transformation. A comparative analysis of three different FL treatments (25%FL, 50%FL, and 100% FL) was performed to identify the mechanism that response to different FL. The results showed that 50%FL significantly improved the source strength by enhancing photosynthesis. The sink strength of 50%FL also reached the maximum when considering soluble sugar, weight, 13C allocation, sugar metabolism-related enzyme activity, and composition in berries, and yield. In addition, full-length transcriptome profiling exploited 1,098 differently expressed genes (DEGs) in 25%FL and 100%FL, and 1,479 DEGs in 50%FL and 100%FL, respectively. Thirty-four genes, including PUP1 and FBA1, were identified in carbon transport and metabolism-related pathways. As a major candidate gene, VvPUP1 was found to enhance sugar accumulation when overexpressed in grape cells. The transgenic cells had high soluble sugar contents and sucrose synthase (SS), neutral invertase (NI), and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities. Overexpression of VvPUP1 in tomatoes increased fruit size and weight, soluble sugar concentration, and the expression levels of SlSUS1, SlSPS1, and SlBGLU13, suggesting that VvPUP1 can promote berry enlargement and sugar accumulation. These results provide novel insights into the response of grapevine to different FL, demonstrating the differences in the source (leaf) and sink (berry) strength among different FL grapes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Single-base resolution methylome of different ecotype from Pyrus betulaefolia reveals epigenomic changes in response to salt stress

    Li H.Zhang Y.-F.Lin J.Liu C.-X....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The root is the first organ to feel salt stress in woody fruit trees. Understanding the potential epigenetic mechanism induced by salt stress in roots of Pyrus betulaefolia is important for pear breeding using diverse genetic resources. With the help of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, cytosine methylation was mapped at single-base resolution across the whole genome of P. betulaefolia roots. The P. betulaefolia root genome revealed nearly 11.40%, 39.93%, 22.73%, and 4.17% methylation across all sequenced C sites and in the CG, CHG, and CHH sequence contexts, respectively. Then, the changes in the methylome of the roots relating to salt stress were comparatively analysed in two ecotypes with different salt-stress tolerances. After a global methylome and transcriptome combined analysis, gene body methylation demonstrated an obvious negative correlation with transcription levels, whereas promoter-methylated genes presented lower expression levels than promoter-unmethylated genes. Furthermore, the methylation profiles of Ca2+ sensor genes in roots of P. betulaefolia. were described, and some were demethylated under salt-stress conditions. In detail, the up-regulation of Ca2+ sensors and their downstream genes, PbCDPK20.1, PbCDPK20.2, PbAKT1, and PbHAK25, resulted from salt-induced promoter methylation changes. Finally, K+ accumulation was promoted, and a higher K+/Na+ratio was maintained in roots under salt-stress compared with normal conditions. Additionally, the application of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine in vitro induced DNA demethylation and promoted K+ enrichment, whereas the accelerator methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate produced the opposite effects. In conclusion, our result revealed the relationship of DNA methylation and gene expression in P. betulaefolia during salt stress, which will increase our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of woody trees.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Liberation of acetic acid from lignocellulose during sterilization and its inhibitory effect on Lentinula edodes

    Duan Y.Yang F.Li J.Wu X....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The synthetic log method for cultivating Lentinula edodes is widely practiced worldwide. However, in some synthetic logs, the cultures of L. edodes grow slowly and may even not germinate after inoculation. This phenomenon has caused serious losses in production. The acetic anion formed in synthetic logs during sterilization was investigated in this study. It was found that the pH is a key factor impacting the release of acetic anion from lignocellulose. The concentration of acetic acid increases significantly in sawdust medium under acidic or alkaline conditions compared with neutral conditions after sterilization. The highest acetic anion concentration (140.03 mmol/kg) was detected in Carya cathayensis sawdust medium at pH 2.0. In addition, the tree species of sawdust and sterilization method affect the formation of acetic acid. Acetate in sawdust medium significantly inhibits the mycelial growth of L. edodes. The inhibitory effect increases when the pH of the medium decreases. The results shed light on the improvement of cultivation techniques for L. edodes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    CC-type glutaredoxin gene CsGRX4 in cucumber responds to Botrytis cinerea via JA signaling pathway

    Yang Y.Zhang X.Zhang L.Chen S....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Botrytis cinerea is an important necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range. Its infection in cucumber can lead to great economic losses. CC-type glutaredoxin was reported to be involved in the defense response of plants against B. cinerea infection. However, its mechanism in cucumber with B. cinerea infection is not well understood. In this study, we observed that the gene encoding CC-type glutaredoxin, namely, CsGRX4, was markedly upregulated after B. cinerea infection in cucumber and also after exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Overexpression of CsGRX4 in Arabidopsis facilitated susceptibility to B. cinerea and increased H2O2 levels and death cells compared with wild type. Moreover, CsGRX4 overexpression in Arabidopsis suppressed the JA levels and transcript level of AtPDF1.2 (JA marker gene), indicating that both the synthesis and signal transduction of JA pathway were suppressed. To understand the mechanism underlying the action of CsGRX4 in the defense response against B. cinerea infection, the yeast two-hybrid assays were conducted between CsGRX4 and CsbZIP transcription factors. It was revealed that CsGRX4 can interact with CsbZIP transcription factors including CsbZIP800, CsbZIP510, CsbZIP420, CsbZIP250, and CsbZIP820, irrespective of the mutation in the ALWL motif of the C-terminal of CsGRX4. Therefore, our study suggested that CsGRX4 negatively regulated the resistance to B. cinerea by blocking JA signal pathway.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Shotgun proteomics of Nanic?o and Prata bananas reveals changes that may account for their different resistance to low temperature

    Cataldi T.R.do Nascimento J.R.O.Lajolo F.M.Facundo H.V.D.V....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Low-temperature storage has been widely used to extend the post-harvest life of many fruits. However, tolerance to cold is largely variable even among different fruit cultivars. In this regard, the banana cultivars Nanic?o and Prata display different responses to low-temperature storage. Prata is less affected by cold storage, while the synthesis of volatiles is drastically reduced in Nanic?o bananas. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of low temperature storage at the proteome level using a shotgun proteomics approach to identify a large number of proteins in these banana varieties. Seventy-four differentially expressed proteins were identified in cv. Prata and 43 in cv. Nanic?o. Principal component analysis indicated that samples from control and cold storage groups could be differentiated based on their proteome. Overall, low temperatures decreased proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy, defense, and transport in Nanic?o bananas. Contrastingly, low temperatures induced the accumulation of proteins for carbohydrate metabolism and energy, transport, and defense in Prata bananas. Therefore, the observed changes in the proteome during cold acclimation and ripening in Nanic?o and Prata bananas can explain, at least in part, the differences in low-temperature tolerance between these cultivars.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Soilless cultivation of ‘Ruby Star’ passion fruit: Effects of NO3-N application, pH, and temperature on fruit quality

    Nakayama M.Matsuda H.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This study aimed to develop a nutrient solution management protocol to produce a high quality passion fruit using soilless culture. In this study, a two-year experiment was conducted using three levels of electrical conductivity (EC) (1.6, 2.0, and 2.6 dS m–1) of the nutrient solution in the first year, and three levels of pH (4, 5, 6) of the nutrient solution in the second year. Although no significant differences were detected in the above-ground dry matter weight, yield, and total soluble solids (TSS) of fruit juice of plants cultivated under different EC and pH conditions, dry matter weight tended to increase under pH 4 condition. The total NO3-N absorption increased in plants cultivated in EC 2.6, whereas absorption after pruning back the fruit-bearing vines was not significantly different as affected by EC 2.0 or EC 2.6. A nutrient solution with EC 2.0 and pH 4–5 containing 170 ppm NO3-N was found to be optimal for fruit quality. Higher air temperatures delayed fruit maturity and decreased TSS and titratable acidity of the juice, indicating that the optimal daily mean temperatures after flowering were 27–29°C for reliably producing high-quality fruit with a high sugar/acid ratio (≥6.0).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier