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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Silicon attenuates potassium and sulfur deficiency by increasing nutrient use efficiency in basil plants

    Barreto, Rafael FerreiraMaier, Bruna ReginaPrado, Renato de Mellode Morais, Thais Chagas Barros...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：The stress-mitigating effect promoted by silicon is well documented, but considering nutritional stress due to deficiency, which is common in plants, there is still a shortage of prominent research on vegetables, such as basil. Our objective was to verify the role of silicon (Si) in basil plants grown in hydroponics with complete nutrient solution and with the individual omission of N, K and S. The treatments were four nutrient solutions (complete nutrient solution (CS), without N, without K and without S) x two Si (absence and presence of 2 mmol L-1) x 4 replications in a completely randomized design. The evaluations performed were determination of the accumulation of Si, N, K and S, the use efficiency of N, K and S and the visual diagnosis of the deficiency of these nutrients. Under N deficiency, there was no effect of Si on N accumulation, N use efficiency or the dry mass of the plants. In plants deficient in K, Si improved K use efficiency and, consequently, shoot and root dry mass and mitigated the visual symptoms of K deficiency. With S deficiency, Si increased S accumulation, its use efficiency and consequently the shoot and root dry mass. In conclusion, these results indicate that Si did not mitigate the damage caused by severe N deficiency but that it did attenuate the damage caused by K and S deficiency by increasing the use efficiency of these nutrients.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Enhancement of plant growth, acclimatization, salt stress tolerance and verticillium wilt disease resistance using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with plum trees (Prunus domestica)

    Essalimi, BatoulEsserti, SihamRifai, Lalla AichaKoussa, Tayeb...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Plants interact with a great variety of microorganisms that inhabit the rhizosphere playing critical roles in several aspects of plant growth and protection against abiotic and biotic diseases. In this study, we performed a screening of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of Prunus domestica trees to identify bacterial strains with plant growth-promoting activity. Ten strains isolated from the rhizosphere of P. domestica showed multiple in vitro plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) activity such as the production of indole acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, solubilization of phosphates and antifungal activity against Verticillium dalhiae and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis. In planta, they significantly increased the growth (stem length, number of leaflets, leaf area and root weight) and biochemical (nitrate reductase activity, proline and chlorophyll content) parameters of tomato, as well as the rate of seed germination. Two selected strains (Pr7 and Pr8) with higher antagonistic activity against V. dalhiae and F. oxysporum f.sp. melonis protected tomato plants against Verticillium wilt and salt stress. In addition, they enhanced acclimatization of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir and the peach root stock GF305 from in vitro to the greenhouse. 16S rRNA sequencing identified strains Pr7 and Pr8 as Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus toyonensis, respectively. Since these two PGPR inoculants exhibited multiple traits beneficial to the examined host plants, they may be applied in the development of safe, and effective seed treatments as an alternative to chemical fungicides and fertilization but also for successful acclimatization of micropropagated plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A nursery system nitrogen balance for production of a containerized woody ornamental plant

    Pitton, Bruno J. L.Oki, Lorence R.Sisneroz, JaredEvans, Richard Y....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：To reduce nitrate contamination of groundwater in intensive agricultural production areas, crop producers should identify nitrogen (N) inputs and outputs to calculate potential N available for leaching into groundwater. However, poor understanding of N fate in container plant production may result in inaccurate estimation of potentially leachable N. To improve understanding of container-applied N fate, an experiment was conducted to measure N inputs and outputs from a woody ornamental plant (Lagerstroemia indica 'Whitt II') production system fertilized with controlled-release and surface-applied fertilizer. Two experimental bed types, polyethylene-lined and unlined, were installed at a production nursery in California. Measured N inputs included: the substrate, with fertilizer and roots, and irrigation water N. Outputs included: N remaining in the substrate and plant shoots at the end of the production cycle, nitrous oxide-N gas lost from the substrate and bed soil, and aqueous N lost in runoff during the production cycle. There was a significant difference in runoff N losses from the lined and unlined beds. The difference in runoff N lost between bed types was the amount of N infiltrating into the soil below the growing bed surface. The majority of input N either remained in the growing substrate (57%) at end of production cycle or was taken up by the plant shoots (5%). Nitrous oxide-N lost from the growing substrate and the bed soil was 1.5% and 0.01% of input N, respectively. Runoff and soil infiltration N accounted for 6.5% and 2.4% of input N, respectively. Unaccounted N was 27.7% of input N and is attributed to complete denitrification. Future work should address the amount of aqueous N lost from the growing substrate to reduce surface and groundwater contamination.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cinnamic acid treatment reduces the surface browning of fresh-cut taro

    Xiao, YanhuiZhang, JieliJiang, YuanyuanYuan, Yuan...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The efficacy of cinnamic acid (CA) as an antibrowning agent was evaluated in fresh-cut taro. Different concentrations (0.1 g L-1, 0.2 g L-1 and 0.4 g L-1) of CA treatments reduced the browning index and a* and b* values but maintained L* values, suggesting that CA treatments prevented the browning development of fresh-cut taro during storage. Among the concentrations used, 0.1 g L-1 CA was sufficient to reduce browning. CA treatment (0.1 g L-1) reduced the total flavonoid content and the activity and gene expression of four main enzymes (PAL, C4H, 4CL and CHS) in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, suggesting that CA treatment reduced taro browning by suppressing the de novo biosynthesis of flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, CA treatment significantly reduced the lignin content, activity and gene expression of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase and slightly reduced the firmness of taro slices. Moreover, CA treatment showed strong inhibition of PPO activity in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that CA reduced phenolic oxidation by inhibiting PPO activity. CA-treated taro showed significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide content but enhanced activity and gene expression of catalase and peroxidase. In addition, CA had strong radical scavenging activity, suggesting that the application of CA to fresh-cut taro enhanced antioxidant activity. Overall, CA treatment reduced the surface browning of fresh-cut taro by suppressing the activity of browning-related enzymes and by improving antioxidant activity. The results presented in this study indicate that CA is an effective natural antibrowning agent for fresh-cut taro.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Hyperspectral imaging for high-throughput vitality monitoring in ornamental plant production

    Ruett, MariusJunker-Frohn, Laura VerenaSiegmann, BastianEllenberger, Jan...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ornamental heather (Calluna vulgaris) production is characterized by high risks such as occurrence of fungal diseases and plant losses. Given the general absence of formal research on this economically important production system, farmers depend on their own approaches to assess plant vitality. We provide a reproducible, affordable and transparent workflow for assessing ornamental plant vitality with spectroscopy data. We use hyperspectral imaging as a non-invasive alternative for monitoring plant performance by combining the longterm experience of experts with hyperspectral images taken with a portable hyperspectral camera. We tested a custom-made setup deployed in a horticultural production facility and screened thousands of heather plants over a period of 14 weeks during their development from cuttings to young plants under production conditions. The vitality of shoots and roots was classified by experts for comparison with spectral signatures of shoot tips of healthy and stressed plants. To identify wavelengths that allow distinguishing between healthy and stressed heather plants, we evaluated the datasets using Partial Least Squares regression. Reflectance in the green (519-575 nm) and red-edge (712-718 nm) region of the spectrum was identified as most important for classifying plants as healthy or stressed. We transferred the trained Partial Least Squares regression model to independent test data obtained on a different date, correctly classifying 98.1% of the heather plants. The setup we describe here is adjustable and can be used to measure different plant species. We identify challenges in data evaluation, point out promising evaluation approaches, and make our dataset available to facilitate further studies on plant vitality in horticultural production systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Milk protein and zein coatings over peeled garlic cloves to extend their shelf life

    Torun, MehmetOzdemir, Feramuz
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Herein we report the effects of edible protein coated (20 % zein and 15 % milk protein) on the shelf life of peeled garlic cloves monitored for 45 days at 15 degrees C. Color, hardness, weight loss, total sugar content, allicin content and aroma composition were analyzed on first day, followed by 3rd, 6th, 10th, 15th, 30th and 45th days of the storage. Milk protein treated films were quite superior in terms of mechanical properties while zein based films showed better water vapor permeability. Coating treatments preserved color properties as they hindered the entry of oxygen. Control samples had significantly higher weight loss as compared to the coated samples until 30 days and after this period, no statistical difference was observed between coated and uncoated samples. Control samples lost total sugar content almost two times higher than the coated ones. Allicin losses in uncoated samples, coated with zein and milk protein coated films were calculated as 68, 56 and 40 %, respectively at the end of the storage time. Main volatile compounds of garlic samples were identified as methyl allyl disulfide, diallyl disulphide, 2-ethylidene-[1,3]-dithiane, disulfide, 1-propenyl propyl, 3-vinyl-[4H]-1,2-dithiin, 2-vinyl-[4H]-1,3dithiin and allitridin. The study concluded that loss and decomposition of peeled garlic flavor can be controlled by coating throughout storage. Although the aim was to reveal the variations in the properties during 45 days of storage, especially weight loss and texture results showed that the samples coated with milk protein can be stored for 10 days while zein coated samples can be stored for 15 days at 15 degrees C. The results revealed that, milk protein and zein coatings can be extend the shelf-life of garlic cloves up to 10 and 15 days at 15 degrees C, respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cryptochrome 1a of tomato modulates nutritional deficiency responses

    Prado, Renato de MelloD'Amico-Damiao, VictorBarreto, Rafael Ferreirade Oliveira Garcia, Luis Felipe...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The blue light photoreceptor cryptochromes are involved in nutritional response pathways in plants. Evidence shows that cryptochromes mediate the control of genes related to nutrients accumulation in plants. However, nothing is known about the role of cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) nutritional stress responses. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the importance of cry1a photoreceptors in plant responses to nutrient deficiency. To this end, we proposed the use of a tomato mutant carrying a lesion in a gene encoding the blue light photoreceptor cry1a (cry1a) and its wild type (WT; cv. Moneymaker). Both genotypes (20-day-old plants) were grown under treatments consisting of a complete nutrient solution and the individual omission of each nutrient (-N, -P, -K, -Ca, or -S) from a balanced nutrient solution. Subsequently, we measured the growth, pigmentation, oxidative stress, and nutrient accumulation, as well as uptake efficiency, transport efficiency, and use efficiency of nutrients in all treated plants. The cry1a plants had greater shoot extension growth than WT plants in all tested growth conditions, although the shoot biomass accumulation with cry1a was greater than in the WT only under Ca omission. Except in the -N and -Ca conditions, the cry1a plants accumulated less root biomass than WT plants. In addition, leaf pigments (chlorophyll a+b and carotenoids) were reduced in the mutant plants compared to WT plants grown under CS, -P, and -S conditions. Thus, considering that WT plants have the full functions of cry1a photoreceptor, here we showed that cry1a plays an important role in the nutrient deficiency responses in tomato, particularly, mediating growth and development of stressed plants through changes in plant growth and oxidative stress, as well as the nutrient contents and efficiencies of transport use.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The de novo transcriptome identifies important zinc finger signatures associated with flowering in the orchid Arundina graminifolia

    Ahmad, SagheerLu, ChuqiaoWei, YongluGao, Jie...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Orchids take years to produce the most precious and expensive flowers. Continuous flowering is a rare characteristic of bamboo orchid (Arundina graminifolia). Therefore, finding genetic regulators of this flowering pattern can set new directions for other orchids. Present study demonstrates transcriptome analysis to identify a number of zinc finger transcription factors (ZF TFs) from five stages of flower development and four tissue types. About 480 DEGs were annotated to the zinc finger category, which may involve multiple signaling pathways for flowering control. The highest number of ZF TFs belonged to CCCH domain, followed by BED and INDETERMINATE. Some important ZF TFs were found to control the flowering genes at transcriptional levels. LATE and B box ZFs respond to photoperiod and hormone signaling. MAD1 and SUF4 control flowering time through FLC. BZR1 and ELF6 possibly respond to vernalization pathway and HUA1 controls flowering through AGAMOUS pathway. WGCNA-based ZF candidates BBX22 and BBX24 involve circadian and hormonal pathways in association with floral integrators to regulate flowering time in A. graminifolia. Thus, our ZF mining can do a great deal to understand the molecular mechanism of continuous flowering in A. graminifolia.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of carbon-based nanomaterials on Fusarium wilt in tomato

    Gonzalez-Garcia, YolandaCadenas-Pliego, GregorioGabriel Alpuche-Solis, AngelCabrera, Raul, I...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fungal diseases often cause significant losses in tomato cultivation. Fusarium oxysporum is responsible for substantial losses in the yields of tomato crops growing in open fields and in greenhouses. Carbon-based nano materials (CNMs) have been widely used in numerous applications in agriculture and are proposed as a potential alternative for disease control. In the present study, two carbon-based nanomaterials were evaluated on the incidence and severity of F. oxysporum and on components of the antioxidant defense system in tomato plants. The results showed that the application of CNMs reduced the severity of F. oxysporum, and increased the yield of tomato fruits, the content of photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid and flavonoids, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of plants inoculated with this pathogen. These results suggest the application of CNMs may be a viable option for the control of diseases such as F. oxysporum in tomato crops.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of treatments with nigerosylmaltooligosaccharide, glucose and sucrose on the vase life of cut snapdragon flowers

    Ichimura, KazuoTakada, MasayasuOgawa, Koichi
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nigerosylmaltooligosaccharide (Nmo) has different degrees of polymerarization (DP) of nigerosyl oligosaccharides and maltooligosaccharides. We investigated the effects of treatments with Nmo, glucose, sucrose, and their combinations on the vase life of cut snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flowers. To apply these sugars, the cut ends of flower spikes were dipped into these sugar solutions. Treatment with 30 g L-1 Nmo promoted bud development, resulting in flower opening at the upper part of the spikes. The Nmo treatment also extended the vase life of cut snapdragons more than glucose and sucrose treatments when vase life was evaluated as the time to when all flowers wilted. However, there were few open flowers, flowers were smaller and aurone levels were lower in the Nmo treatment, suggesting that treatment with Nmo alone is not sufficient for improving the vase life of cut snapdragons. Combined treatments of Nmo with glucose and sucrose increased the number of open flowers and significantly extended vase life more than treatment with glucose or sucrose alone. The deleterious effects of Nmo, such as the reduction in flower size and suppression of pigmentation, were alleviated by these combined treatments. Nmo was fractionated using a carbon celite column into DP2, DP3, DP4, and DP> 4. Spike length was significantly increased by fractions DP4 and DP>4, suggesting that oligosaccharides containing these fractions largely contribute to the development of spikes. In conclusion, Nmo is a readily available oligosaccharide that could be used in the manufacture of preservatives to improve the vase life of cut snapdragons.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier