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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Exploring the optimisation of mulching and irrigation management practices for mango production in a dry hot environment based on the entropy weight method

    Zhang, YuyangLeng, XianxianYang, QiliangChen, Haiqing...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rational application of field-management technology can not only improve mango (Mangifera indica L.) fresh fruit yield and quality but also improve irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). However, few studies have involved the simultaneous use of mulch and irrigation-management techniques in hot and dry environments to achieve a relatively good level of performance. We used the entropy weight method (EWM) to explore an optimal mulching and irrigation-management technology for mango production in a dry hot environment. Three irrigation levels [FI, 100% mango evapotranspiration (ETC); DI75, 75% ETC; DI50, 50% ETC] were designed with (SM) and without (NM) sugarcane leaf mulching in 2018 and 2019 in a dry hot environment. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf water-use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency in the SM treatment were 12.5% to 83.7% higher than those in the NM treatment in both years. Compared with the NM treatment, the SM treatment increased the fresh fruit yield and IWUE by 45.7% and 49.7% in 2018 and by 46.1% and 63.2% in 2019. The solid-to-acid ratio and sugar-to-acid ratio in the SM treatment were 48.5% and 50.4% higher than those in the NM treatment, respectively, but the titratable acid content decreased by 31.3%. Compared with FI, DI75 increased carotenoid content, total soluble solids, solid-toacid ratio and sugar-to-acid ratio by 8.4%-40.7%, while it reduced titratable acid by 22.8%. Compared with FI, DI50 reduced fresh fruit yield by 24.3% and 21.9% in 2018 and 2019, respectively, while it increased IWUE by 13.6% and 17.7%. The fresh fruit yield of SMDI75 was the highest, which was 1.42 and 1.44 times that of NMFI in both years, respectively. A comprehensive evaluation by EWM also showed that the SMDI50 treatment had the highest comprehensive scores of mango yield, quality and water-use efficiency, which could provide a basis for the scientific management of mango fertiliser in dry and hot areas of China.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Lignocellulose mulch increases the economic benefit of Chinese chestnut by suppressing weed and ameliorating soil properties

    Tian, GeranLi, Ying
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The yield of Chinese chestnut relies on multiple factors including soil, fertilizer, irrigation, and pest management. Hence, it is necessary to develop a simple and cost-effective strategy that can simultaneously modulate the above factors. Mulch films can largely influence the aforementioned factors. In this work, a grinding machine was used to fragment branches, chestnut shell, and involucres into 3-10 cm pieces, and the resulting lignocellulose mulch was applied to cover the soil surrounding Chinese chestnut trees. A field trial found that lignocellulose mulch ameliorated soil properties by increasing soil moisture and soil carbon. Moreover, lignocellulose mulch suppressed weed growth and inhibited chestnut blight, and eventually improved the quality and yield of chestnuts. Cost-benefit analysis showed that the mulch increased profit by 42% in three years compared with the control group. It is concluded that lignocellulose mulch is a viable alternative to plastic mulch, especially for perennial woody plants such as chestnut trees. This work provides an alternative strategy for the management of chestnut and other perennial trees.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fine-tuning of grapevine xanthophyll-cycle and energy dissipation under Mediterranean conditions by kaolin particle-film

    Bernardo, SaraJesus Rodrigo, MariaVives-Peris, VicenteGomez-Cadenas, Aurelio...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Kaolin-particle film has been considered a low-cost technology to mitigate the adverse effects of high light and temperature, and drought in several crops. However, the underlying excess energy absorption and dissipation mechanisms, and related components associated with kaolin photoprotective effects in grapevines are poorly explored. This study aims to understand the interactions between kaolin foliar treatment and photosynthetic pigments accumulation, carotenoids metabolism, xanthophyll cycle regulation, and its putative role on the non photochemical quenching (NPQ) processes in Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) varieties. The experiments were conducted during the 2017 summer season in a commercial vineyard, and measurements were performed at pre-dawn and midday in each sampling date (EL35 - veraison; EL38 - full mature). Overall, TF variety showed higher accumulation of chlorophylls, xanthophylls, and de-epoxidation state (DPS) than TN. Kaolin treatment enhanced TN chlorophyll accumulation up to 114 % at EL35 (veraison) and 123 % at EL38 (full mature), highlighting its protective role on chlorophyll degradation, while no changes were found in TF, which might indicate a lower need for particle-film technology in this variety under the current environmental conditions. Individual carotenoids were mainly higher in the treated leaves of both varieties, as well as the xanthophyll cycle pigments zeaxanthin (Z(x)) and violaxanthin (V-x). Simultaneously, the DPS and NPQ values were lower in TN and TF treated leaves (1.92 - 2.36) compared to untreated vines (3.19 - 3.24), suggesting that there might be other components influencing NPQ levels beyond Z(x), with an indirect role in long-lasting NPQ processes. In addition, in the TF kaolin-treated leaves, violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VvVDE1) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (VvZEP1) gene expression were respectively 3-fold and 4-fold upregulated at stage EL35, while VvZEP1 gene expression decreased at stage EL38 in TN kaolin-treated leaves, indicating an optimised regulation of the xanthophyll cycle. These findings suggest that kaolin treatment promoted a fine-tuning of grapevine summer stress responses under sustained summer stress factors, by managing xanthophyll cycle dynamics, and pigments accumulation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nitrogen use efficiency, partitioning, and storage in cool climate potted Pinot Noir vines

    Walker, Harriet V.Swarts, Nigel D.Jones, Joanna E.Kerslake, Fiona...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Optimal timing of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to promote N use efficiency (NUE) in cool climate wine regions is largely unknown. One year-old potted Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) cv. Pinot Noir vines were subjected to soil applied N-15-labelled calcium nitrate (5.5 atom%) fertilizer at four application timings (budbreak to fruit set, fruit set to veraison, veraison to harvest, or spread evenly across the growing season) over two growing seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19) at a rate of 12 g N vine(-1). Annual vine parts (leaves and clusters) were collected at commercial harvest in both 2018 and 2019 and the remaining vine was destructively harvested during winter dormancy. Vines were separated into organs (leaves, clusters, shoot, trunk, and roots) and organ dry matter was determined before samples were ground into a fine powder to determine total N percentage and 15N atom percentage using flash combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (varioPYRO cube coupled to Isoprime100 mass spectrometer). Compared to the average values obtained from the other treatments, the veraison to harvest treatment signifi-cantly reduced whole vine dry matter by 39.1% and vine NUE by 42.1%. Yield was also reduced by 12.9% compared to the budbreak to fruit set treatment. NDF, defined here as the proportion of N within the vine (or vine organ) that was derived from fertilizer N, and overall vine total N content was lower in the veraison to harvest treatment due to the reduction of root and shoot NDF content. This suggests that for young, actively growing vines in cool climates, limiting N applications until veraison is inefficient and ineffective. No significant differences in NUE, N partitioning or N storage were observed between the other fertilizer N application timings.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of grafting on the growth and flowering of sprays chrysanthemums

    Li, WenjieChen, XiaoyangZhao, ShuangZhan, Qingling...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：To study the effect of grafting on the growth and flowering of spray chrysanthemum, Artemisia annua was used as the rootstock and eight spray chrysanthemum varieties 'Zhongshan Jinyang' ('ZSJY'), 'Zhongshan Xinmolian' ('ZSXML'), 'Zhongshan Xuerong' ('ZSXR'), 'Zhongshan Yinggui' ('ZSYG'), 'Zhongshan Zaohong' ('ZSZH'), 'Zhongshan Zhiying' ('ZSZY'), 'Zhongshan Zisongguo' ('ZSZSG'), and 'Zhongshan Ziwei' ('ZSZW') were used as the scions. The plant survival ratio, growth index (crown width, crown circumference, and biomass), and flowering characteristics (total inflorescences per plant, flower diameter, fresh and dry weight of single flowers, and flowering period) were studied after grafting. We found that for variety 'ZSYG', the grafted plants showed a 58.4% increase in crown width, a 68.7% increase in crown circumference, a 61.8% increase in the dry weight of the scion, a 108.4% increase in the dry weight of root, a 72.3% increase in the total dry weight, a 28.3% increase in root/shoot, and a 135.2% increase in the total inflorescences per plant compared to those in the own-rooted plants. Grafting can not only promote plant growth and increase plant biomass, and the total inflorescences per plant of spray chrysanthemum but also lengthen the ornamental period of spray chrysanthemum by advancing flowering and delaying the final flowering period. The budding period can be advanced by 13 d, the final flowering period can be delayed by 4 d, and the ornamental period can be increased by 10 d. Therefore, grafting facilitates the growth of spray chrysanthemums, advances flowering, and prolongs the ornamental period.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comprehensive mining of storage oil related genes in developing seed of Abelmoschus esculentus

    Zhang, XianyanMu, XiaopengCui, HongliSun, Yan...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), famous for its desired nutritional and medicinal values, could accumulate approximately 20% (w/w) seed oil dominated with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). However, the mechanism of oil biosynthesis and metabolic regulation in its seeds remains poorly understood. Here, storage oil profiles and transcriptome of okra seeds at different developmental stages were analyzed. Seed oil accumulated at a high rate during 21 to 28 days after flowering (DAF). Total of 136.6 million clean reads were obtained and 109,171 unigenes were assembled from the seed transcriptome. Differentially expressed genes among three developing stages of seeds were functionally annotated into the storage lipid metabolism pathway. Comparative analysis was performed for structural genes and transcription factor genes that participate in fatty acid biosynthesis, triacylglycerol assembly, oil body formation, and triacylglycerol degradation. A complex regulating network was built accordingly. Additionally, expressions of 12 key functional genes responsible for okra oil accumulation were examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), demonstrating that RNA-sequencing data were reliable. This study will facilitate further investigation of molecular mechanism responsible for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in plant seed, providing valued reference for creating new okra varieties with better lipid composition and high oil yield.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fine mapping a ClGS gene controlling dark-green stripe rind in watermelon

    Wang, DengkeZhang, MinjuanXu, NanaYang, Sen...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The stripe pattern is an important agronomic trait in watermelon, which determines the fruit rind pattern and consumer choice. However, the genes controlling these traits are still largely unknown. In the present study, a dark-green stripe inbred line WT2 and a netted stripe inbred line WM204 were used for genetic analysis, which revealed that the dark-green stripe is controlled by a single dominant gene ClGS. By bulked-segregant analysis (BSA), the ClGS was primarily mapped on watermelon chromosome 6 by using F-2 plants developed from a cross between WT2 and WM204. Next-generation sequencing-aided marker discovery and a large mapping population consisting of 1206 F-2 plants was used for fine mapping of the ClGS gene, and it was further mapped into a 107 kb candidate region. There were 11 genes predicated in this candidate region and 10 of them were differentially expressed in the 1-DAP fruit rind between two parental lines. Furthermore, 64 SNPs and 3 Indels were detected in the CDS region of these candidate genes. To further confirm the candidate gene of ClGS, we investigated the sequence variations among 74 re-sequenced natural watermelon accessions by in silico bulk segregant analysis. A 3-bp insertion was identified in all the non-dark green stripe watermelon accession group, which was located on the 8th exon of Cla019205. A Indel marker developed harboring the insertion showed co-segregation with the phenotype in the F-2 mapping population, and it was also in completely agreement with another 25 watermelon accessions by electrophoretic analysis. These evidences suggested Cla019205 is probably the candidate gene controlling dark-green stripe in watermelon. The results of this study will be helpful for better understanding of the stripe formation and marker-assisted selection in watermelon.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Changes in the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in red-fleshed dragon fruit during its development

    Zitha, Elidio Zaidine MauricioMagalhaes, Deniete Soaresdo Lago, Rafael CarvalhoCarvalho, Elisangela Elena Nunes...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Red-fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a promising food with a functional appeal. This study investigated the changes in the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the red-fleshed dragon fruit at eight development stages. In general, the levels of total phenolic compounds tested using Folin-Ciocalteu, and Fast Blue BB reagents, betacyanin, betaxanthin, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity by TEAC, FRAP, and ss carotene bleaching increased over the fruit development stages, whereas vitamin C content significantly decreased. Six phenolic compounds were identified, including catechin, vanillin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid. Catechin was the majority compound, followed by vanillin. All these compounds decreased during fruit development; chlorogenic and ferulic acids were only detected 30 days after anthesis. Based on the results, the suitable harvest period of red-fleshed dragon fruit is between 36 and 38 days after anthesis.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of light on growth and chlorophyll development in kiwifruit ex vitro and in vitro

    Liu XiaoyingYang MingjuanXie XiaodongKhaldun, A. B. M....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Light is one of the most important environmental factors that strongly mediates plant physiological and morphological development. Few studies have investigated the effect of light on perennial fruit crops, which have long generation times and are large in size, that complicates the evaluation of plant responses to light in controlled environments. This study assessed the impact of light intensity on chlorophyll (Chl) variation in 41 kiwifruit cultivars during the growing season, and examined the physiological, morphological and gene expression changes of kiwifruit plantlets in vitro under different light qualities treatments, such as white light, red light (RL), blue light (BL) and a mixture of RL and BL with different ratios. The Chl content in 24.4% of kiwifruit varieties increased continuously with increasing sunlight intensity from April to August; but 34.15% of varieties remained unchanged and 41.5% of varieties decreased in July and August when kiwifruit plants were exposed to maximum solar radiation density and duration. The controlling experiment of light qualities showed that blue light was effective for the induction and accumulation of kiwifruit Chl contents and carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), as well as the numbers of guard cell plastids, whereas red light induced plant vegetative growth and increased starch and sucrose content in leaves. Furthermore, blue light induced higher expression of key genes for Chl biosynthesis than red light. These results indicate that kiwifruit plants exhibit strong morphological plasticity induced by light, and the development of kiwifruit can be induced by culturing the plants in vitro under a combination of BL and RL.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Selection of thermotolerant Italian tomato cultivars with high fruit yield and nutritional quality for the consumer taste grown under protected cultivation

    Junior, Santino SeabraCasagrande, Jessica GawskiToledo, Claudia Aparecida de LimaPonce, Franciely da Silva...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：High temperature is a limiting factor for the production and quality of tomato fruit, especially during the summer in tropical regions, when the cultivation must be carried out in a protected environment due to heavy rainfall. Thus, there is a need to identify cultivars adapted to these climatic conditions. In this study we aimed to carry out the selection of thermotolerant cultivars, adapted to protected cultivation, to combine characteristics of high yield, fruit quality, and consumer acceptance through principal component analysis (PCA). 'Fascinio', 'Lampiao', 'Vedette', 'Tytanium', 'Candieiro', 'Mariana', and 'Shanty', grown under high temperatures (36 degrees C), differed in yield, physicochemical parameters of fruit (soluble solids, titratable acidity and ripening index), bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, lycopene, and beta-carotene), and sensory analysis. According to the PCA, 'Fascinio' stood out due to its high yield characteristics (68.32 t ha(-1)), with a higher prevalence of large (38.6%) and medium (54.9%) fruit, sweeter fruit (4.33 degrees brix), and were preferred by the consumer, in addition to having thermotolerance and adaptation for the greenhouse. 'Candieiro' presented with the highest content of bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid: 45.31 mg/100 g and lycopene: 2.73 mg/100 g), attributes that add value to the fruit and may fulfill the needs of more demanding consumers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier