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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Harnessing cGMP signaling pathways for improving fruits and vegetables marketability

    Aghdam, Morteza SoleimaniLuo, Zisheng
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：During postharvest life, nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (NOS/NO) and phytosulfokine alpha/phytosulfokine re-ceptor 1 (PSK alpha/PSKR1) systems activity promote cytosolic guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation in fruits and vegetables. Protein kinases G (PKGs), cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs), and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are responsible for cytosolic cGMP perception. Cytosolic cGMP signaling palliates chilling injury and fungal decay, delays senescence, and preserves sensory and nutritional quality in fruits and vegetables during postharvest life. By endogenous NOS/NO system activity, cytosolic cGMP signaling promotes cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) accumulation and activates serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein kinases. In addition to NOS/NO system activity, PSK alpha/PSKR1 system activity triggers cytosolic cGMP accumulation. Cytosolic Ca2+ signaling could improve fruits and vegetables marketability by harmonizes intracellular SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting 1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) and extracellular ATP signaling pathways, intra-cellular SUMO E3 ligase (SIZ1), arginase/NOS (ARG/NOS), and poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) sys-tems activity. Elucidating molecular mechanisms employed by cytosolic cGMP signaling have intrinsic scientific worth with noteworthy translational prospects and can supply novel knowledge beneficial for improving fruits and vegetables marketability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Identification of miRNAs mediating shoot growth of grafted sweet cherry through small RNA and degradome sequencing

    Wen, ZhuangHong, YiQiu, ZhilangYang, Kun...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L) is an economically important fruit tree in the worldwide, in which grafting is widely used for plant propagation. Rootstock plays a vital role in shoot growth. However, thus far there have been few reports concerning the molecular mechanism of how rootstock regulates scion growth. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial small RNAs involved in multiple biological processes. The regulatory roles of miRNAs in the grafting of sweet cherry are not yet clear. In the current work, twelve libraries were constructed using the leaves and stems of sweet cherry grafted on two types of Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) rootstocks by highthroughput sequencing. A total of 238 known miRNAs were cataloged into 61 families, and 40 novel ones were identified. Among these miRNAs, 13 and 21 miRNAs were differentially expressed in leaves and stems, respectively. The degradome results and prediction analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets indicated that miRNAs mediate the growth of scion via several aspects: the shoot apical meristem development, phytohormone synthesis and signal transduction, the absorption and balance of nutrient elements. The available evidence facilitates a better understanding of the role of miRNAs in the response of sweet cherry scion to Chinese cherry rootstock after grafting.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Abscisic acid and reactive oxygen species were involved in slightly acidic electrolyzed water-promoted seed germination in watermelon

    Wu, XueWu, CuinanBian, ZhonghuaYe, Zhangying...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Seed germination is a vital process in seedling stage. The delayed seed germination and irregular emergence frequently occur in watermelon. It is critical to exploit technologies for promoting seed germination. This study aims to explore the effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on the seed germination of watermelon. The results showed that SAEW significantly improved the germination indexes and caused a mass of changes to nutrient substances and enzymatic activities in watermelon seeds. In addition, SAEW treatment decreased abscisic acid (ABA) contents, while increased gibberellin (GA) contents of watermelon seeds by regulating the gene expressions of metabolic related enzymes. Thereinto, SAEW remarkably upregulated the transcriptional level of CYP707A1 and CYP707A2 involved in ABA catabolism, which inhibited the accumulation of ABA. Moreover, SAEW could inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in seeds and improve the seed germination which was identical to the effect of DMTU (dimethyl thiourea, ROS inhibitor) on the seed germination. In addition, the expressions of RbohC and RbohD involved in ROS accumulation were notably depressed by SAEW. This study demonstrated that exogenous SAEW could inhibit the accumulation of ABA content and decrease the accumulation of ROS, which finally improves the germination ability of watermelon seeds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous spermidine enhances the photosynthesis and ultrastructure of lettuce seedlings under high-temperature stress

    Yang, XiaoyuHan, YingyanHao, JinghongQin, Xiaoxiao...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The effects of foliar application of 1mM exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the growth, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll synthesis precursor and key enzyme activity, photosynthetic characteristics, porosity change, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts and mitochondria were studied with sensitive high temperature variety 'No.3 Beisansheng' as test material.The results showed that under 35 degrees C/30 degrees C high-temperature stress, lettuce seedling growth was inhibited, the contents of chlorophyll a and b were reduced by 27.78% and 28.57% compared with the treatment CK(control), respectively, and the transformation process from porphobilinogen (PBG) to uroporphyrinogen III (urogen III) was promoted, thus blocking chlorophyll synthesis. The stomatal conductance was increased, the net photosynthetic rate was reduced by 45.15%, and the structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria were damaged. Spraying exogenous spermine on the leaves of lettuce seedlings increased the contents of chlorophyll a and b, respectively, decreased the transformation process from PBG to urogen III, and suppressed the excess accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), avoiding oxidative damage in the chloroplast. The stomatal density and relative opening degree was reduced, and the net photosynthetic rate was increased by 22.96%. The chloroplast structure maintained stability, and damage to mitochondria was reduced. We can conclude that, through maintaining the stability of the chloroplast and mitochondrial structure, exogenous Spd inhibits stomatal opening and density, thus improving the net photosynthetic rate and biomass in lettuce. Exogenous Spd effectively alleviates damage to lettuce at a high-temperature.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Polyphenol treatment delays the browning of litchi pericarps and promotes the total antioxidant capacity of litchi fruit

    Shao, Yuan-zhiZeng, Jiao-keLi, WenBai, Xin-yu...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rapid pericarp browning is the leading factor for quality deterioration and marketing decline of litchi fruit. In the present study, litchi fruit was treated with phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidin, p-coumalic acid, chlorogenic acid, apple polyphenol, and tea polyphenol, before being stored at 20 degrees C for 10 d. Phenolic compound treatment delayed pericarp browning and weight loss, reduced respiration rate, and maintained high total acid levels and vitamin C content in litchi fruit. Subsequently, the key antioxidant characteristics were determined to evaluate the effects of phenolic compounds on the antioxidant system during pericarp browning. The phenolic compound treated fruit exhibited higher levels of antioxidant enzymes, anthocyanins, total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, as well as a lower superoxide radical production rate and polyphenol oxidase and peroxide activities during whole-fruit storage than the control. Of the five treatments, proanthocyanidin application produced the most significant effects; therefore, this may be the best method for inducing antioxidant system related factors, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and delaying pericarp browning in litchi.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Relevance of nitrogen availability on the phytochemical properties of Chenopodium quinoa cultivated in marine hydroponics as a functional food

    Murteira, MarianaTurcios, Ariel E.Calado, RicardoLillebo, Ana, I...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Chenopodium quinoa is a salt tolerant plant species of high nutritional value with potential to act as an extractive species under marine integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). This study aimed to assess the growth performance and antioxidant content and activity of C. quinoa cultivated in saline hydroponics under contrasting nitrogen concentrations mimicking different aquaculture effluents described in literature. Seedlings were cultivated under greenhouse conditions in a modified Hoagland solution with a salinity of 20 g l- 1 artificial sea salt and four nitrogen concentrations: 20 mg l- 1 (N20); 40 mg l- 1 (N40); 100 mg l- 1 (N100) and 200 mg l- 1 (N200). After 4 weeks, leaf chlorophyll content and biomass gain were determined. Total flavonoids, total phenols and contents of elements were analyzed in C. quinoa leaves and shoot tips. Antioxidant capacity was quantified using oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC). In treatments N100 and N200, C. quinoa presented higher biomass gain and lower antioxidant content and activity in its leaves and shoot tips. In contrast, in treatment N20 higher antioxidant content and activity were recorded, revealing the existence of stress inducing conditions during the experimental period. Shoot tips of these plants contained higher nitrogen and mineral contents than leaves. This approach may set the stage to develop a sustainable methodology to modulate the secondary metabolism of C. quinoa and enhance its value as functional food when cultured using marine aquaponics in IMTA systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physiological integration improves mock strawberry [Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke] uniformity under heterogeneous saline conditions

    Qian, YongqiangLuChen, DanyangLi, Deying
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mock strawberry is a valuable ground cover species that has a strong adaptability and high ornamental values. Urban landscape soils are typically heterogeneous and of low fertility. We hypothesized that mock strawberry can grow uniformly in soils with patchy saline conditions because of physiological integration as a clonal species. The objective of this study was to investigate if connected mock strawberry plantlets (ramets) showed coordi-nated responses to heterogeneous salinity. Paired proximal and distal ramets, either connected or disconnected, were subjected to salinity treatment by supplying the proximal ramets with NaCl solutions in 0, 100, 200, and 300 mmol L-1 every other day, while the distal plantlets were watered with distilled water. The results showed that connected proximal ramets were less stressed than the disconnected proximal ramets as shown in leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, and proline content. The total root length of connected ramets were longer than the disconnected ones. The root biomass was also greater in the connected proximal ramets than the disconnected ramets at an earlier stage of salt treatment and under lower salt concentrations compared to other measurements. Physiological integration also alleviated leaf discoloration in the connected ramets. Ultimately, the uniformity of shoot biomass among the connected ramets suggested that physiological integration played an important role in mock strawberry as a ground cover species under heterogeneous saline conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biosynthesis Regulation of Folates and Phenols in Plants

    Kolton, AnnaDlugosz-Grochowska, OlgaWojciechowska, RenataCzaja, Monika...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The latest knowledge regarding biosynthesis of folates and polyphenols is summarized, including factors modulating their accumulation in plants, with particular emphasis on light quality and quantity. Folates, essential elements in one-carbon metabolism, are required for several reactions important for the regulation of gene and protein expression, as well as lipid, chlorophyll, and lignin biosynthesis. Phenolic compounds play a pivotal role in the responses to certain stress conditions and function as reactive species scavengers, contributing to the maintenance of redox homeostasis in cells. These compounds are also essential for humans, and they are optimally absorbed via the consumption of plant-based foods. Light is a source of energy that triggers the lightphase reactions of photosynthesis in plants, but it also regulates the synthesis and accumulation of many metabolites, including folates and polyphenolic compounds, which are important for normal function. The use of adequate light conditions during the production of fruits and vegetables may contribute to an increase in the biological value of crops consumed as food. The potential role of artificial light in enhancing the folate and polyphenol content of food crops during cultivation and future perspectives of its use are also discussed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Insights into the molecular basis of biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea by Clonostachys rosea in tomato

    Meng, FanyueLv, RuiCheng, MozhenMo, Fulei...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) is a common disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which can cause a severe reduction in production. Clonostachys rosea (C. rosea) is an effective biological control agent that can inhibit the growth and establishment of B. cinerea and significantly improve tomato resistance to B. cinerea. However, the molecular basis of B. cinerea resistance mechanisms induced by C. rosea is still unknown. In this study, integration of proteomic and transcriptomic approaches was used to analyse B. cinerea resistance induced by C. rosea in tomatoes. The results revealed that C. rosea treatment resulted in the overexpression of several genes and proteins associated with oxidation-reduction (REDOX) reactions and defense-related enzymes. In this regard, we recorded greater levels of expression in peroxisome-related enzymes, the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and the phenylpropane pathways. The results showed that the activation of peroxisome-related proteins and proteins associated with the AsA-GSH cycle pathways could enhance B. cinerea resistance in plants by scavenging ROS accumulated due to disease infection and maintaining the ROS balance in cells. In addition, the activation of the enzymes associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway can contribute to enhanced B. cinerea resistance by synthesizing primary and secondary metabolites that can inhibit the establishment of invading pathogens in the host. Overall, the results of this study shed some light on the molecular basis of the mechanism of B. cinerea resistance induced by C. rosea and provided a deeper understanding of detailed regulatory pathways associated with resistance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Silicon as a mitigator of water deficit stress in radish crop

    Lacerda, Vander RochaAcevedo, Andres Felipe GaonaMarques, Isabelly Cristina da SilvaDellabiglia, William Jose...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Silicon is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust and has several beneficial effects on plants, such as increase photosynthetic capacity and improve the architecture of the aerial parts. Water stress negatively affects plant development and, specifically in horticultural species, impacts metabolic processes with consequences on quality and productivity. The aim of this research was to investigate through physiological and biochemical parameters if the use of silicate in place of dolomitic limestone can contribute to the tolerance of radish plants submitted to water deficiency. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Botucatu, Brazil, with radishes of the Apolo variety, distributed in randomized blocks in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, being three irrigation depths, with high soil moisture at tensions corresponding to 10 kPa (control, FC -field capacity), 20 kPa (MWD -moderate water deficiency), and 30 kPa (SWD -several water deficiency), and two soil correctives, limestone and silicate, totaling six treatments and three repetitions. Irrigation management was performed with tensiometers. The parameters evaluated included biometrics, biomass, growth rates, photosynthesis, enzymatic activity, soluble protein, and proline. Through discussion of the results, it was possible to conclude that the silicate provided tolerance to water stress, reduced the percentage of cracked roots, and increased yield in the radish crop. Therefore the use of silicate in arid areas with low water availability is of great importance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier