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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Effects of exogenous melatonin on ripening and decay incidence in plums (Prunus salicina L. cv. Taoxingli) during storage at room temperature

    Yan, RanXu, QihangDong, JingxianKebbeh, Mariama...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The effects of exogenous melatonin on ripening and decay incidence of plum fruit (Prunus salicina L. cv. Taoxingli) were investigated after the plums at green mature stage were dipped in 0 (as the control), 0.05, or 0.1 mmol center dot L-1 melatonin solution for 1 h, and then stored at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degrees C) and 75-80% relative humidity (RH) for 14 d. The results showed that melatonin treatments could slow the ripening process as indicated by the firmness, respiration rate, and ethylene production, and decreased the weight loss and decay incidence of plum fruit during storage. Moreover, the melatonin treatments activated the phenylpropanoid pathway by increasing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (4CH) and peroxidase (POD), and accompanied by higher contents of total phenols and lignin, which might be contributed to enhancing the disease resistance in plum fruit during storage. Therefore, it was suggested that melatonin application could be a promising method to suppress postharvest deterioration, maintain fruit quality and extend the shelf-life of plum fruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    An innovative single step of cross-linked alginate-based edible coating for maintaining postharvest quality and reducing chilling injury in rose apple cv. 'Tabtimchan' (Syzygium samarangenese)

    Duong, Nhung Thi CamUthairatanakij, ApiradeeLaohakunjit, NattaJitareerat, Pongphen...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Chilling injury, a major problem for tropical fruits, can be reduced by a modified atmosphere. Edible coatings including alginate are able to form a barrier against gasses and moisture. Apart from traditional alginate coatings using two steps and take long time, innovative method can be developed. The aims of this study were to investigate the properties of modified film by a crosslinking in single step of sodium alginate-based edible coating and apply coating solutions for reducing the chilling injury and maintaining the postharvest quality of 'Tabtimchan' rose apple stored at low temperature. Edible coating formulations were based on mixed sodium alginate (SA) solution with various amount of CaCl2 solution; SA, 20 SAC and 40 SAC. Mechanical and barrier properties of alginate films were determined before applying the coating on the fruit surface. The results show that the 40 SAC improved the mechanical and barrier properties of alginate films, which resulted in increased tensile strength and elongation at break (1.5-and 2.4-fold, respectively) and decreased water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability (5.3-and 5-fold, respectively) compared with the alginate stand-alone films. Thereafter, edible coatings were applied on fruit surface. The 40 SAC coating significantly reduced the respiration rate and the weight loss of the rose apple throughout the 10 days of cold storage. They significantly improved the visual appearance and retarded the chilling injury (CI) of rose apple by reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. In addition, the activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in fruits coated with 40 SAC were 3.69-and 3.33-fold higher than those in the control fruits after 10 days of storage. Moreover, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in fruits coated with 40 SAC were 1.46-and 1.48-fold higher than those of the control on days 10. The alginate-Ca(2+)cross-linking is expected to be a novel single step for coating fruits, which not only improved the efficacy of inhibiting CI but also maintained the postharvest quality of rose apple fruits during cold storage, in addition to being ecofriendly.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physiological and transcriptional response of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in tomato plant leaves to nickel ion and nitrogen levels

    Li, ShuhaoYang, DanqingTian, JunWang, Shubin...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study investigated how nickel ion (Ni2+) improves carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) metabolism in tomato plant leaves under different N supply levels. We exposed the tomato plants to two levels of N (7.66 and 0.383 mmol center dot L-1) and two levels of Ni2+ (0 and 0.1 mg center dot L-1 NiSO4) under hydroponic conditions. After nine days of treatments, we harvested the leaves for physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome sequencing analysis. Low N (LN) levels reduced the concentration of total N and the activities of enzymes; however, Ni2+ can regulate these levels. Leaf transcriptome analysis identified 3277 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs asso-ciated with the glycolytic pathway-tricarboxylic acid (EMP pathway-TCA) cycle, biosynthesis of amino acids, and N metabolism were downregulated after low N application, whereas those regulated by Ni2+ showed high transcript abundances. This study provides valuable insights into the carbohydrate and N metabolism mechanism of tomato plant leaves in response to Ni2+ and N levels.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A simple model for predicting sunburn on Satsuma mandarin fruit

    Park, YoSupKim, MisunYun, Seok KyuKim, Sang Suk...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fruit sunburn, which is caused by high temperatures and strong sunlight, will increase under climate change due to warmer temperatures. In this study, to facilitate effective sunburn management, the occurrence of sunburn was predicted. The study included an investigation of sunburn-inducing conditions and the estimation of fruit skin temperatures in early maturing Satsuma mandarin. The fruit skin temperature fluctuated with the ambient air temperature and solar radiation, and the estimation function developed for these two factors by multiple regression was significant, with an R2 of 0.884 (P < 0.001). A specific sunburn-inducing air temperature could not be established due to the constant changes in solar radiation. At the maximum solar radiation, fruit sunburn was induced by air temperatures of 32-35 <degrees>C under strong sunlight between 11 am and 3 pm. The risk of sunburn occurrence was classified into 4 levels, normal, caution, alert, and serious, by a discriminant analysis that reflected the fruit skin temperatures over 5 days. Finally, the change in the number of sunburn risk days in recent decades was traced by applying the sunburn occurrence prediction method and risk classification to meteorological data from the last 30 years. The number of sunburn risk days (caution level and higher) in the 2010s (14 days) was significantly higher than that in previous decades (less than 6 days). Specifically, the ratio of the number of alert and serious days to the total number of sunburn risk days clearly increased over time, from 5.8% in the 1990s to 15.0% in the 2000s and 19.2% in the 2010s.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars for fruit size by FW_G2a QTL analysis and phenotypic characterization

    Bekefi, Z.Desiderio, F.Szilagyi, S.Horvath-Kupi, T....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Large fruit size of sweet cherry cultivars has high priority in breeding programs due to its high market value. According to recent studies more loci were identified corresponding to fruit size trait in cherries. In our study 15 Hungarian sweet cherry cultivars were evaluated for the locus FW_G2a on LG2 and genetic results were compared with phenotypic data of 3-8 years. Average fruit weight of sweet cherries ranged from 3.9 g (Muncheberger Fruhe) to 10.3 g (Carmen). Haplotypes associated with large fruit size were found in 11 cultivars, of which five (Germersdorfi acute accent Ori acute accent as, Katalin, Vera, Krupnoplodnaya, Carmen) proved to be homozygous. Two cultivars (Petrus and Stella) carried the haplotypes associated with small fruit size. Statistical analysis revealed correlation between genotype data and fruit weight phenotype. Our results confirmed that genotyping the locus FW_G2a is an effective tool in early selection of individuals and can be utilized in cherry breeding programs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Characterization of Verticillium dahliae isolates from olive and susceptibility of local olive cultivars to Verticillium wilt in Istria, Croatia

    Godena, SaraIvic, DarioBan, DeanBan, Smiljana Goreta...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae is considered the most serious biotic threat to olive trees. The disease is detected in almost all regions where olive is cultivated, and it may cause olive decline and dieback. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of Verticillium wilt on olive trees in Istria (Croatia), to identify pathotype groups and race structure of the local V. dahliae population and to determine the susceptibility of Croatian olive cultivars to Verticillium wilt. In a field survey, Verticillium wilt was found to be the most common cause of olive decline, as it was detected in 61% of investigated locations. Out of 78 isolates of potentially pathogenic fungi obtained from olive trees with decline or dieback symptoms, 36% isolates of V. dahliae were determined. Molecular identifications based on PCR with specific primer sets showed that all V. dahliae isolates belonged to the nondefoliating pathotype (ND) and race 1. Olive cultivars Buza, Karbonaca, Istarska Bjelica, Rosinjola and Leccino were selected for susceptibility experiments, performed in a greenhouse, with a mix of three indigenous ND race 1 V. dahliae isolates used as inoculum. Different susceptibilities of local olive cultivars to V. dahliae infection were observed, with cultivar Karbonaca scoring as the most resistant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing Verticillium wilt as a widespread olive disease in Istria, confirming for the first time in Croatia the presence of a less aggressive, nondefoliating pathotype and race 1.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal flavonoids glycosylation difference in two Citrus peels

    Yu, FangqinXu, XiaoyongLin, ShuangPeng, Ting...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Citrus reticulata 'Huajuhong' (HJH) and C. reticulata 'Sanhuhongju' (SHHJ) have distinct level of bioactive in-gredients including flavonoid derivatives in peels meanwhile its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Inte-grated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome was comparatively investigated differences of HJH and SHHJ peels. The total flavonoid in HJH peels was significantly higher than that in SHHJ. Of 203 differentially accu-mulated metabolites (DAMs) and 3,517 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that flavonoid pathway was overrepresented. Among the DAMs, the major components were flavonoids (104, 51.2%) followed by phenolic acids (30, 14.7%). Seven of top 10 flavonoid glycosides in HJH were highly accumulated and positively correlated with 10 glucosyltransferase genes. Collectively, higher con-tent of flavonoid glycosides in HJH peels than in SHHJ peels might contribute to the distinct health-promoting effect, which provides a novel insight into improving the fruit quality of citrus as a health-promoting food resource.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fine-mapping reveals that the bHLH gene Cla011508 regulates the bitterness of watermelon fruit

    Gong, ChengshengLi, BingbingAnees, MuhammadZhu, Hongju...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The bitterness of the fruit seriously affects the taste of watermelon. Therefore, genetic research on bitterness is of great significance to improve watermelon fruit quality. However, there is no research on fine mapping of watermelon fruit bitterness. In the present study, an F2 population was developed, and two inbred lines, '9904' (bitter flesh) and 'Handel' (non-bitter flesh) as parental materials. Genetic analysis indicated that the bitterness of watermelon was a dominant trait. The initial mapping revealed a 6.16 Mb region on chromosome 1. SNP and CAPS markers were used to narrowed the candidate region to 116.7 kb with four candidate genes (Cla011507, Cla011508, Cla011509, and Cla011510). Notably, Cla011508, and Cla011510 have high homology with gene Csa5G156220 and Csa5G157230, which regulate the bitterness trait in cucumber, and the mutation base at the locus 3,168,882 on chromosome 1 of Cla011508 led to the premature termination of the translation process; at the same time, a non-synonymous mutation caused the amino acid sequence change of Cla011510. The results of qRT-PCR showed that Cla011508 was highly expressed in watermelon flesh of '9904', while no such significant difference was found in Cla011510. Furthermore, the analysis of 16 watermelon accessions showed that 8 bitterness accessions with base C at the locus 3,168,882 had higher gene expression level of Cla011508, which was significantly different from that of the 8 non-bitter accessions with base T. In conclusion, the bitterness of watermelon fruit may be controlled by Cla011508, and the important mutation loucs in this gene provide molecular insights for marker-assisted breeding of target trait.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide identification and comprehensive expression analysis of VviASN and VviGS gene families during seed development/abortion in grapevine

    Wang, LingYan, JingZhang, XueQu, Ziyang...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Asparagine synthetase (ASN) and glutamine synthetase (GS) play important roles in nitrogen metabolism and recycling in plants. In this study, we performed the characterization and expression analysis of the ASN and GS gene families in grape. It contains two ASN genes, VviASN1 and VviASN2, and five GS genes, VviGS1.1, VviGS1.2, VviGS1.3, VviGS2a and VviGS2b. For each gene, full-length complementary DNAs were cloned and the properties of encoded protein were predicted using bioinformatics approaches. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the transcript levels of VviASN1, VviASN2, VviGS1.1, VviGS1.2 and VviGS2b during ovule (seed) development were higher in seedless cultivars than in seeded. It was showed that asparagine (Asn) content in the seeds of seedless grapes was higher than in seeded, while glutamine (Gln) content was higher in seeded. Levels of both amino acids increased during early seed development, then decreased as development progressed. Based on correlation between amino acid content and gene expression, VviASN1 may play a major role in the synthesis of Asn in grape seeds. VviASN1 and VviASN2 were highly expressed in flower and leaf, respectively. VviGS1.1, VviGS2a and VviGS2b were highly expressed in leaf, while VviGS1.2 was highly expressed in root. In summary, our findings suggest novel roles for the VviASN and VviGS genes families during seed development/abortion in grapevine.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of procyanidin treatment on the ripening and softening of banana fruit during storage

    Chen, JiaoLi, YixingLi, FenfangHong, Keqian...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cell wall degradation accompanied with softening is very common in harvested fruit. To develop a facile postharvest approach, which can be used at ambient temperature, for suppressing softening and maintaining quality of banana fruit, influences of 1% procyanidin (PA) solution treatment on pulp firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) in pulp, peel hue value, chlorophyll content of peel, fruit ethylene production, fruit respiration rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in peel, peel ion leakage, activities and expression levels of enzymes related with fruit softening during storage at 23 +/- 2 degrees C were investigated. Results indicated that PA treatment effectively inhibited ripening-associated processes, as compared to the control banana fruit, PA-treated fruit exhibited higher firmness, hue value and chlorophyll content, lower TSS content, ethylene production, respiration rate, MDA concentration, and ion leakage. Besides, lower activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methyl esterase (PME), pectate lyase (PL), and cellulase (CX) and expression levels of PG, PME, PL were also observed in PA-treated fruit. These results would provide theoretical basis to help solve fruit quality decline of banana fruit during storage in further research.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier