首页期刊导航|Scientia horticulturae
期刊信息/Journal information
Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
正式出版
收录年代

    Development and characterization of an allooctaploid (AABBCCRR) incorporating Brassica and radish genomes via two rounds of interspecific hybridizations

    Feng, QunYu, JieYang, XiaoliLv, Xianju...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Interspecific hybridization, which leads to the combination of the genomes from different species, not only contributes to speciation but also enriches the genetic stock of crops. Production of interspecific/intergenetic hybrids between Brassica species or Brassica and relative species has been a desirable goal for plant breeders and genetic researchers. In this study, we initially generated the allotetraploid Raphanobrassica (CCRR, 2n = 36) through a cross between maternal Raphanus sativus (RR, 2n = 18) and paternal Brassica oleracea (CC, 2n = 36). We then developed an allooctaploid (AABBCCRR, 2n = 72) that incorporated three Brassica subgenomes and radish genomes through crosses between the newly formed Raphanobrassica and B. juncea (AABB, 2n=36), followed by the chromosome doubling. PCR amplification of genome-specific primers and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were employed to identify the true hybrids and their chromosome complements. The new allooctaploid showed a mosaic morphology of three parents and produced some seeds, despite the very low pollen stainability. The chromosome pairing and segregation of the allooctaploid were largely normal during the meiosis of pollen mother cells. So the first allooctaploid can be used as an intermediate germplasm to transfer desirable traits into Brassica crops, or as the founder for the experimental synthesis of new species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Lecithin extraction optimisation and synthesis in Hemerocallis citrina Baroni

    Guo, AihuaLi, SenYang, YangHou, Feifan...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (daylily) is an important flower plant, consumed as food and used in traditional Chinese medicine. The daylily flower bud is rich in several functional substances, and lecithin is the most important among them. However, the optimum conditions for extracting lecithin from daylily flower buds are yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to examine the differences in the lecithin contents in daylily, identify the key enzymes and genes involved in lecithin synthesis, and establish the optimal conditions for lecithin extraction and detection by high-performance liquid chromatography. Initial treatment with acetone before ethanol extraction significantly increased the quantity of lecithin extracted compared with that extracted by direct ethanol extraction. The optimum lecithin extraction conditions were as follows: 90% ethanol concentration, 1:20 material-to-solvent ratio, 30 min extraction time, and 40 degrees C extraction temperature. The highest lecithin content was obtained from the flower bud, specifically the stamen (3.49 mg/g). Additionally, the best harvest period for daylily flower buds with regards to lecithin content and nutritional quality was between 18 h before flowering and bloom (0 h). The lecithin content in freeze-dried daylily flower buds was higher than that in oven-dried and sun-dried flower buds. Among the varieties examined, Xiushan Huanghua (H0177) had the highest lecithin content (3.99 mg/g). Furthermore, the activity of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT) was significantly higher than that of other enzymes involved in lecithin synthesis. Additionally, genes involved in lecithin synthesis were significantly expressed in the flower buds at different developmental stages. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to the understanding of lecithin synthesis in daylily.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Overexpression of the VaERD15 gene increases cold tolerance in transgenic grapevine

    Li, PeiyingYu, DongdongGu, BaoZhang, Hongjuan...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：In plants, the Early Responsive to Dehydration (ERD) genes are rapidly activated in response to drought and other abiotic stresses. Here, we characterize the VaERD15 gene from the cold-resistant grapevine Vitis amurensis accession 'Shuangyou', and its counterpart VvERD15 from the cold-sensitive V. vinifera cultivar 'Red Globe'. To evaluate a role for VaERD15 in promoting cold tolerance, we expressed the VaERD15 in transgenic V. vinifera 'Red Globe' and evaluated its influence on type and cold stress-related physiological and biochemical indices. We also assessed the response of the ERD15 promoter and its deletion fragments from 'Shuangyou' and 'Red Globe' to low temperature, ABA, SA and PEG. Additionally, several proteins interacting with VaERD15 were identified and the expression profiles for the respective genes were evaluated in response to low temperature. We found that the VaERD15 protein contains a PAM2 domain and localizes in the nucleus and cell membrane. Under lowtemperature stress, the expression of ERD15 in 'Shuangyou' was greater than that in 'Red Globe'. Transgenic 35S::VaERD15 plants showed greater cold tolerance and had lower electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content than non-transgenic controls, while the contents of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were higher than those in non-transgenic controls. The ERD15 promoter and its deletions could respond to low temperature, ABA, SA and PEG, but the degree of response to the treatments varied. Proteins interacting with VaERD15 were identified as xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 7, glutamine synthetase, 40S ribosomal protein 23 and disulfide-isomerase LQY1, and the corresponding genes responded to cold temperatures to varying degrees.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A Carica papaya L. genotype with low leaf chlorophyll concentration copes successfully with soil water stress in the field

    Ruas, Katherine FragaBaroni, Danilo ForcaRodrigues de Souza, Guilherme AugustoBernado, Wallace de Paula...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the context of increasing drought frequencies, water sensitive plant species need to have defined irrigation thresholds. One such species is papaya (Carica papaya L.), with a current demand for the selection of drought tolerance genotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, leaf gas exchanges, sap flow and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence in two papaya genotypes (pale-green leaf 'Golden' - G and dark-green leaf 'Alianca' - AL) under soil water deficit (psi soil) conditions. The experiments were carried out in the field, in an unconsolidated alluvial sediment soil type. The two papaya genotypes, contrasting in their leaf Chl contents, were grown under irrigated (I, psi soil of -12 kPa), and non-irrigated (NI, psi soil gradually diminished from - 23 to -311 kPa) conditions for 41 days. Leaf gas exchanges, xylem sap-flow, green intensity (SPAD index), plant height, trunk diameter and leaf area were measured five times, following psi soil decreases. At the lowest psi soil (-311 kPa), the Chl photochemistry and fruit number measurements were performed. Intrinsic water use efficiency was higher in the GNI than in the ALNI genotype. Leaf temperature and photochemical efficiency was not affected by soil water restrictions in GNI and ALNI. The water deficit effect on growth traits was linked to whole canopy assimilation, due to the higher leaf area in ALI than GI, or in ALNI than in GNI, once the leaf assimilation rate was similar between those treatments. The psi soil of ca. -30 kPa can be considered as a threshold for papaya irrigation for the soil type studied here. Soil water stress did not affect the number of fruits in GNI, whilst this was reduced by 83% in ALNI compared to irrigated plants, indicating that pale-green leaf papaya genotypes are an alternative to cope with water stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Efficiency of pre-harvest application of 1-MCP (HarvistaTM 1.3 SC) to delay maturation of 'Cripps Pink' apple fruit

    Talamini do Amarante, Cassandro VidalArgenta, Luiz Carlosde Freitas, Sergio TonettoSteffens, Cristiano Andre...
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of pre-harvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene alpha-cyclodextrin in concentrated magnesium sulfate solution (1-MCP; HarvistaTM 1.3 SC) to delay maturation of 'Cripps Pink' apple fruit. 1-MCP was sprayed at 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 mg L-1, seven days before the anticipated harvest time (DBAH). Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 124 mg L-1, Retain (R)) was sprayed 28 DBAH, as a commercial control treatment. Fruit maturation was delayed by increasing 1-MCP concentration. 1-MCP at concentrations > 150 mg L-1 delayed by six and 15 days the time for the fruit to reach the harvest firmness of 71.1 N and 66.7 N, respectively, compared to untreated fruit. Skin color changes (red color development and background degreening) were inhibited by increasing 1-MCP concentrations up to 300 mg L-1. The reduction of ethylene synthesis, and the loss of flesh firmness and starch content occurred by increasing 1-MCP concentrations up to 98.2, 134.5 and 182.3 mg L-1, respectively. The AVG treatment delayed ethylene production and skin red color development at harvest more markedly than the highest concentration of 1-MCP (300 mg L-1). However, both treatments (AVG and 1-MCP at 300 mg L-1) had late harvested fruit (28 days after spraying 1-MCP) with percentage of skin red color below 40%. The results show that 1-MCP delays maturity, but concentrations >135 mg L-1 do not improve its efficacy on preserving flesh firmness while might inhibit skin red color development in 'Cripps Pink' apples.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Silicon delays salt stress-induced senescence by increasing cytokinin synthesis in tomato

    Han, RongJia, JianhuaZhu, YongxingHuo, Heqiang...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Silicon (Si) is beneficial for plant growth and development, and many studies have shown that Si can alleviate biotic and abiotic stress-induced plant damage. Although the alleviative effect of Si on plant damage induced by salt stress has been widely reported, the underlying mechanism is still not very clear. Here, the effect of Si on salt stress-induced leaf senescence and the role of cytokinin in this process were investigated. The results showed that added Si could significantly decrease chlorophyll degradation induced by salt treatment in tomato. Under salt stress, the effect of Si on the levels of indoleacetic acid and gibberellins in tomato was irregular and dependant on the Si treatment concentrations. Si addition increased the concentrations of cytokinins and abscicic acid, and the expressions of major cytokinin sysnthesis genes in leaf discs of tomato under salt stress. Cytokinin synthesis inhibitor abolished the ameliorative effect of Si on salt-induced leaf senescence of tomato. Si could alleviate salt-induced senescence in the leaves of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana but not in the ipt1,3,5,7 mutant, which has very little amount of cytokinin. These results suggest that Si can delay salt stress-induced plant senescence by increased cytokinin synthesis. This study may help us further explore the in planta mechanism for Si-mediated stress tolerance in plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Substance metabolism, IAA and CTK signaling pathways regulating the origin of embryogenic callus during dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of cucumber cotyledon nodes

    Xue, WanyuLiu, NaZhang, TingtingLi, Juan...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Somatic embryogenesis system was an ideal one for the genetic transformation and propagation in vitro because it propagates efficiently, quickly and stably. The mechanism of the origin of somatic embryogenesis especially in cucumber has not been well illustrated since it is explored. The embryogenic callus was observed to be induced from the adaxial side and the non-embryogenic callus were induced from the abaxial side of the cucumber cotyledon nodes, and then the embryos generated from the embryogenic callus but not from the nonembryogenic callus. The histology and transcriptomic analysis were performed to probe the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation difference between the adaxial side and the abaxial side of the cucumber cotyledon nodes. It showed that embryogenic callus having dense cytoplasm, clear nucleus and regular shaped cells was induced from the adaxial side of the cotyledon node and the non-embryogenic callus with unclear border of nucleus and irregular shaped cells were generated from the abaxial side. A total of 5838 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus, which were highly enriched in auxin and CTK synthesis and signaling pathways and substance metabolism pathway such as starch and amino acid in embryogenic callus. The IPA (Indole-3-pyruvic acid) genes, AUX1 (Auxin 1) genes and IPT (Isopentenyl transferase) genes involved in auxin and CTK biosynthesis and signaling pathways were up-regulated in embryogenic callus comparing with that in non-embryogenic callus. SS1 (starch synthase) genes related with starch synthesis, OATase (Ornithine acetyltransferase) genes related with arginine and proline synthesis were more highly induced in embryogenic callus than that in non-embryogenic callus. It will provide a reliable foundation for elucidating the difference between the origin of somatic embryogenesis during dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of cucumber cotyledon nodes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    PPR proteins in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and their potential roles in the leaf color changes

    An, ChuanjingGao, YuefangZhang, MengyuanZhao, Yiqing...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family protein is one of the largest protein families in plants, which is involved in many biological processes, including transcription, RNA stabilization, RNA cleavage, RNA splicing, RNA editing, and translation of organelle genes, thereby affecting the expression of the organelle genes. However, the corresponding PPR protein in tea plants has not been investigated. In this study, 578 CsPPR genes were identified in tea plants (Camellia sinensis); the PPR motifs, types of PPR proteins, subcellular locations, gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, and GO annotation were analyzed. Based on motif structure and evolutionary relationship, these genes were divided into the P subfamily and PLS subfamily. GO annotation indicated that most PPR proteins had binding activity, including RNA and DNA binding. Transcriptome and expression profile analyses suggested that 22 CsPPR genes might be related to the etiolation and albino process of tea plants. SNP analysis found that 28 SNP loci were related to the albino of HB1, and 16 SNP loci were related to the etiolation of HJYa. 12 CsPPR proteins that may be combined with chloroplast genes were found to use the PPR codes. According to the expression profile and SNP analysis, CsPPR178, CsPPR332, and CsPPR368 might have a close relationship with the albino and etiolation of tea leaves. This study provides comprehensive insights into the CsPPR proteins, which may contribute to further study of the role of CsPPR proteins on the albino and etiolation of tea leaves.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Abiotic stress triggers ROS-mediated programmed cell death in banana (Musa sp., AAA group, Cavendish sub-group) fruit

    Ramirez-Sanchez, MaricruzHuber, Donald J.Vallejos, C. Eduardo
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Degradative processes of fleshy fruit adapt depending on environmental conditions. Exposure of banana fruit to abiotic stress during ripening accelerates degradative processes that resemble Programmed Cell Death (PCD). This research evaluated the connection between Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and PCD processes during ripening and over-ripening of banana fruit after exposure to abiotic stress at the pre-climacteric phase (before exogenous ethylene treatment). Mature-green banana exposed to 1 degrees C for 7 d exhibited severe chilling damage. During ripening and over-ripening, epidermis cells in chilled peel developed evident browning since 2 d compared to non-chilled peel, as well as loss of cell structure and accelerated collapse. During the evaluation period H2O2 production was higher in chilled peel (>31% of maximum) than in non-chilled (<26% of maximum) whereas production of O-2(center dot-) and (OH)-O-center dot equally increased in both chilled and non-chilled tissue until 10 d, (OH)-O-center dot production was higher (100% of maximum) on chilled tissue by the end of overripening. Nuclease activity increased in non-chilled tissue since 0 d reaching values of 255.9 units kg(-1) fresh weight s(-1) at 12 d, while on chilled tissue increased since 2 d from 0 to 212.9 units kg(-1) fresh weight s(-1). Similarly, protease activity increased on chilled tissue after 2 d, ranging from 1800 to 152,814 units kg(-1) protein s(-1). However, the levels of DNA degradation or tailing were evident on non-chilled peel since 6 d, once fruit was yellow, while remained low on chilled tissue, never reaching the degradation levels of non-chilled tissue. Our results demonstrated an evident alteration in metabolism due to dehydration, enzymatic and oxidative damage. Therefore, banana fruit exposed to abiotic stress during the pre-climacteric phase developed an accelerated loss in the capacity to maintain redox homeostasis, and the banana peel showed a necrotic form of ROS-mediated PCD.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of two apple tonoplast sugar transporters, MdTST1 and MdTST2, on the accumulation of sugar

    Li, BaiyunZhu, LingchengJin, YuruPeng, Yunjing...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The types and proportions of soluble sugars in fleshy fruits are directly related to the sweetness and flavor of the fruit. Transporters located in the vacuole membrane, especially the tonoplast sugar transporter (TST) family that mediate sugar influx into vacuoles, are the main regulators of sugar accumulation in the fruit. In this study, we identified six TST orthologs in apple and named them MdTST1-6. MdTST1 and MdTST2 were the most highly expressed genes during apple fruit development, while their encoded proteins were localized on the vacuole membrane. Overexpression of MdTST1 in Arabidopsis leaves and tomato fruits increased glucose, fructose and sucrose accumulation, especially the glucose content. MdTST2 overexpression lines exhibited massive increases in fructose and sucrose contents as compared to wild-type lines. Overexpression of MdTST2 in the tmt1-2::tDNA double mutant of Arabidopsis complemented its growth retardation phenotype and significantly increased the concentrations of hexoses and sucrose, restoring the same levels as the wild-type lines or even higher. The results revealed that MdTST1 and MdTST2 were functionally divergent, with MdTST1 more related to glucose accumulation and MdTST2 more related to fructose and sucrose accumulation. The results also indicated that MdTST1 and MdTST2 play important roles in controlling sugar contents. These findings lay a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of sugar accumulation in the vacuoles of apple fruit, and also provide a theoretical basis to improve sugar accumulation and fruit quality via biotechnology method.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier