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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Effects of melatonin treatment on ethanol fermenation and ERF expression in kiwifruit cv. Bruno during postharvest

    Cheng, JiaoZheng, AnranLi, HuihongHuan, Chen...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cv. Bruno is easy to accumulate ethanol during postharvest, which seriously affects fruit quality. In this study, the effects of melatonin (MT) treatment on ethanol accumulation and AdERF genes relative expression in kiwifruit were investigated. The main results were as follows: MT treatment slowed down the fruit softening by inhibiting the rates of respiration and ethylene release, and significantly reduced the acetaldehyde and ethanol contents in kiwifruit during the later storage. Correspondingly, MT treatment significantly down-regulated the relative expressions of AdADH1, AdPDC1 and AdPDC2, and inhibited the activities of pyruvate carboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in kiwifruit during the later storage period. Also, MT treatment down-regulated the expressions of AdERF4, AdERF74, AdERF75 and Achn226291 during the later storage, while the relative expressions of AdERF5, AdERF6, AdERF15, Achn164421 and Achn330401 were not significantly changed. These results indicated that MT treatment could affect the ethanol metabolism in kiwifruit by regulating the expressions of ADH1, PDC1 and PDC2 as well as the activities of ADH and PDC, thereby contributing to the quality maintenance and the shelf-life extension of kiwifruit. AdERF4, AdERF74, AdERF75 and Achn226291 might be implicated in the process. This study provided a theoretical basis for the MT application in maintaining fruit quality associated with control of alcoholic off-flavor via regulation of ethanol fermentation in kiwifruit during postharvest.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Inter-lighting and defoliation in a soilless culture system require more dynamic water management for improving the yield-promotion effect

    Ahn, Tae InYang, Jung-SeokPark, Soo HyunLee, Ju Young...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Defoliation and inter-lighting affect yield and evapotranspiration. Practically, these agronomic manipulations are mainly performed on a seasonal basis. Evapotranspiration causes significant changes in the drainage volume and its electrical conductivity (EC) on a finer scale than on a seasonal basis, and these water management variables subsequently affect yield. However, the dynamic interactions between agronomic manipulations and water management variables are not well understood, despite these systematic relationships. In this study, seven tomato gutter lines consisting of three different treatment timeline schemes were designed: (1) continuous application of regular defoliation level during the experimental period, (2) intermediate transition from regular to additional defoliation level, and (3) time-varying (in the order of 12-*5-*2 h per day) inter-lighing. The time series responses of evapotranspiration, drainage, drainage EC, and tomato yield were analyzed by normalization and principal component analysis (PCA). Normalized water management variables and yield showed sensitive responses to the application of time-variable inter-lighting and two different defoliations. Increasing yield trends in the regular defoliation lines were reversed after the initiation of additional defoliation gutter lines. The yield promotion effect of inter-lighting was observed after the final time adjustment (2 h per day). Overall, these yield changes accompanied trend reversal in water management variables. PCA results summarized a perturbation effect on the yield-evapotranspiration correlations with increases in drainage volume-drainage EC covariance from the application of inter-lighting. The results indicate that defoliation and inter-lighting should be accompanied by a more flexible water management scheme. This study suggests an agronomic background for the technical optimization of defoliation and inter-lighting.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Changes in physiological, phytochemical traits and gene expression of two Perovskia species in response to water deficit

    Afshari, MahvashRahimmalek, MehdiSabzalian, Mohammad R.Bielecka, Monika...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Perovskia species are considered as valuable ornamental plants. In the present study, the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were evaluated in P. atriplicifolia, and P. abrotanoides in response to water deficit stress. The root harvesting was performed after 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days exposure to stress. In both species, total phenolics content, total flavonoids, enzymatic antioxidant activities, total tanshinones, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, hydroxy-cryptotanshinone, and proline substantially increased with the severity of stress. In the current study, the variations in tanshinone profile and the expression of genes (DXS1, HMGR, KSL) related to tanshinones biosynthesis were also investigated. The results revealed the negative trend between the concentration of malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide as well as the harmonized augmentation in activities of enzymatic antioxidants including guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase, exclusively on 7th day of stress. The expression ratios of all studied genes were markedly induced by the drought stress. The content of major oxidative stress-related indicators suggested that P. atriplicifolia should be better pre-adapted to water deficit physiological tolerance than P. abrotanoides. Finally, the experimental results can provide further insight into differential responses to imposed water-limited stress along with choice of the optimal eustress treatment to obtain the desired composition of pharmacologically useful diterpenoids.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Integrative analysis of HD-Zip III gene PmHB1 contribute to the plant architecture in Prunus mume

    Li, LuluZheng, TangchunLi, PingLiu, Weichao...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mei (Prunus mume) is a traditional fruit and ornamental woody plant. P. mume cultivars with dwarf and dense intersecting branched tree architecture are essential for enhancing the ornamental value and application di-versity, such as bonsai, flower arrangement and potted plants. However, little is known about the mechanism of branching in P. mume. The apical meristem produces the organs of the above-ground part, which is essential for branch development. The HD-Zip III subfamily transcription factors influence the development of multiple lateral organs and meristem maintenance. However, their roles in regulating tree architecture have not been studied in P. mume. Here, the PmHB1 gene, encoding the HD-Zip III subfamily transcription factor, was strongly expressed in the hypocotyl, young leaf, root primordia, leaf bud, flower bud, style, and vascular tissues in leaf and inflo-rescence, which could respond to multiple plant hormones (such as GA3, IAA, ZA, KT, and BR). It is worth noting that there was a significant correlation between branch quantity and PmHB1 expression level in different mei cultivars. The formation of PmHB1 protein was controlled through the miR165/166 post-transcriptional regu-lation. Overexpression of the PmHB1 gene in Arabidopsis increased of the number of primary axillary inflores-cence in leaf axil and secondary axillary inflorescence in the cauline leaf axil. The expression levels of genes involved in meristem maintenance (CLV3, RAP2.6 L, STM, BEL1, PEAR, WUS), auxin metabolism and signal transduction (o30, IAA20, PIN1, LAX3, LAX2, YUCCA5, TAA1, MP), cytokinin metabolism, and signaling transduction (IPT4, IPT7, ARR1, ARR2, MET1) were significantly changed in transgenic Arabidopsis. Moreover, according to yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments, the transcription factor PmHB1 could interact with multiple proteins, such as Pm005033 (PmCSN5A), Pm005297 (PmHSFB4), Pm016138 (PmSPL13A), Pm024774 (PmEB1A), and Pm026192 (PmZPR4). Taken together, the PmHB1 gene could regulate the apical meristem development and promote the branching in P. mume.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Odor, tastes, nutritional compounds and antioxidant activity of fresh-eating walnut during ripening

    Wei, FangLi, YouyuanSun, DonghuiChen, Qingmin...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The effect of ripening stages on odor, tastes, nutritional ingredients (fatty acid compositions and protein), antioxidant activities, and total phenols content (TPC) of fresh-eating walnut were detected in this study. Fruits which were harvested at 121, 128 and 135 days after full bloom were tagged as stage I, stage II and stage III, respectively. The result indicated that the samples in stage I showed the most pleasant tastes and odor. Additionally, stage I had the highest antioxidant activities and TPC (0.78 g kg(-1)). Moreover, stage II presented the lowest reducing power (0.295), DPPH scavenging activity (62.19%) and TPC (0.47 g kg(-1)), however, the highest polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage (75.88%) was also observed in it. Walnut samples of stage III was an ideal source of protein (16.28%), though the lower acceptability of odor and tastes were observed in it. Taken together, we concluded that ripening stages greatly affected the green walnuts quality attributes. Our study provides new ideas for choosing suitable ripening stages to meet the different quality demands of walnuts.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative QTL analysis in peach 'Earlygold' F-2 and backcross progenies

    Kalluri, NaveenEduardo, IbanArus, Pere
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Based on detailed maps, DNA sequences and phenotypic data, there is a great deal of information on the genetics and genomics of 'Earlygold', a historical peach cultivar from the US. The F-2 between 'Texas' almond and 'Earlygold' peach (T x E) was used to construct the first saturated peach linkage map that later became the reference map for the Prunus genus. This population and the first backcross ('Texas' x 'Earlygold') x 'Earlygold' (T1E) yielded information on QTLs for a large number of agronomic traits, and T1E is being used as the basis for constructing a set of introgression lines of 'Texas' fragments into the 'Earlygold' background, currently in progress. This paper describes the construction of a high-density SNP map for 'Earlygold' using an F-2 population, and the QTL analysis of 24 traits. Results of maps and QTLs are compared with those from the 'Earlygold' parent of the TN map, using the same set of markers and characters. Results show major differences between the two progenies in terms of numbers of markers mapped and the capability of detecting QTLs, with a large increase in the resolution of maps and QTLs when using the F-2 progeny compared to the TN pseudo-testcross. In addition, we provide data on leaf senescence color, studied for the first time in peach, with two consistent QTLs located in the same position as other color-related genes and QTLs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Deciphering the role of moringa leaf powder as a supplement in the cotton waste substrate for the growth and nutrition of king oyster mushroom

    Ejaz, ShaghefAhmad, Khawaja ShafiqueNaz, SafinaShafique, Muhammad...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The addition of supplementing material in the substrate is an efficient way to increase mushroom yield and nutrition. The addition of moringa leaf powder (MLP) could boost the yield and nutrition of mushrooms. To improve the nutritional properties and yield of king oyster mushroom, moringa leaf powder as supplementing material in the cotton waste substrate was added with different ratios to standardize the supplementing material in the substrate. In the present research, the impact of moringa leaf powder at various concentrations (2%,4%,6%,8% and 10%) in cotton waste were used to check the suitability of king oyster mushroom production and quality. Results showed that addition of MLP substantially increased production and nutritional value of mushroom. The MLP at 6% on dry weight basis in cotton waste showed markedly higher total yield, biological efficiency as compared to control or cotton waste alone. The addition of 6% MLP in cotton waste also enhanced the Vitamin C, Folic acid, protein, carbohydrate, fats, fibers, ash and minerals (N, Na, K, Ca, Zn, Mg, Mn, Fe and P) of king oyster mushroom, Moreover, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were improved in King oyster mushroom fruit bodies. Vitamin D was quantified by HPLC-UV chromatograph in P. eryngii. Vitamin-D content was also varied with MLP addition in the substrate.. In conclusion, MLP addition in substrate could be an effective approach for the increase in production and nutritional quality of mushrooms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Growth and antioxidant responses triggered by water stress in wild relatives of eggplant

    Plazas, MariolaGonzalez-Orenga, SaraTrong Nguyen, HuuMorar, Irina M....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Wild relatives of eggplant (Solanum melongena) are of interest for breeding for tolerance to drought. To assess the potential of eggplant wild relatives from different gene pools, 18 accessions belonging to eggplant and eight wild relatives were evaluated for water stress tolerance. Plants grown in pots were normally irrigated or subjected to water stress by stopping irrigation. Growth and biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress, including proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics and total flavonoids contents, and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, were determined after 11 days of treatment. The reduction of dry matter content in the aerial part of the water-stressed vs. control plants allowed classifying the accessions into three groups: tolerant (25% reduction), intermediate (25-35% reduction), or susceptible (35% reduction). Proline concentration increased in all accessions under water stress, in particular in the more tolerant ones, which showed an average increase of more than 30-fold over control values, compared to ca. 8-fold in the susceptible accessions. The group of tolerant accessions, which included S. incanum, S. pyracanthos, S. dasyphyllum and S. torvum, was also characterised by unchanged MDA contents and a more pronounced increase in the mean levels of flavonoids (20.6% over the non-stressed controls vs. 3.4% in the intermediate accessions and 5.0% in the least tolerant ones). The activity of antioxidant enzymes was extremely variable within groups and even within the same species. The results obtained reveal a high diversity for drought tolerance in the wild relatives of eggplant and provide insights into the biochemical mechanisms involved in the response to drought in eggplant wild relatives. The tolerant materials identified are of interest for breeding programmes for developing rootstocks and new eggplant cultivars with higher drought tolerance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier