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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Agronomic treatments to avoid seed presence in 'Nadorcott' mandarin I. Effect on in vivo pollen tube growth

    Garmendia, A.Garcia-Breijo, F.Reig, J.Raigon, M. D....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fresh market demands high quality fruit and, therefore, citrus growers and researchers are constantly looking for solutions to avoid seed presence. Current horticultural techniques have low effectiveness or high cost. The objective of this study is to evaluate the inhibition effect of seven products on the in vivo pollen tube growth in Nadorcott mandarin, which is a high-value seedy variety. To achieve this main objective, three inorganic fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sulfur), and four saccharides (saccharose, methyl cellulose, callose, chitosan) were applied to Nadorcott stigmas 24 h before and after hand pollination. Pollen tubes were counted 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment in longitudinal blue violet autofluorescence-stained sections. Of the seven evaluated products, only sulfur had a strong inhibitory effect. Elemental sulfur (S8) inhibited pollen tube growth by 94-100%. This strong effect was observed regardless of sulfur being applied 24 h before or after pollination, and on fixed flowers 1, 3 or 5 days after applications. Saccharose treatment seemed to have the opposite effect: stimulated pollen tube growth, but the difference with the positive control was small and nonsignificant. The sulfur effect could be useful for designing agronomic applications capable of preventing seed presence in Nadorcott mandarin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Yield and nutrients of six cultivars of strawberries grown in five urban cropping systems

    Lewers, Kim S.Arlotta, Caitlin G.Richardson, Matthew L.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Urban populations may struggle to access health-promoting fresh fruits and vegetables, and urban agriculture approaches are of increasing interest. In this study, we used five cropping systems for urban environments to produce strawberry fruit, a popular and high-value fruit. Two green roof systems, a hydroponic system, an aquaponic system, and a raised bed system were used to grow six strawberry cultivars: 'Albion,' 'Eversweet,' 'Monterey,' 'Portola,' 'San Andreas' and 'Seascape.' We measured total mass of fruit, marketable mass, size, percentage rotted fruit and mineral content. We found productivity and aspects of fruit quality to vary among cultivars within a cropping system and the best performers in one cropping system may not be the best in another. The most consistent result was that 'Portola' was among the best yielding cultivars in all systems, although 'Monterey' had reasonably good production in most systems, good berry size in the green roof pots and raised beds, and good mineral content in the aquaponic system. 'Monterey' and 'Portola' had higher amounts of calcium, silicon and sodium in the aquaponic system than other cultivars. 'San Andreas' had higher amounts of copper, potassium, phosphorus and silicon in the hydroponic system. 'Portola,' 'Seascape' and 'Eversweet' had higher amounts of copper and zinc in the green roof planters and 'Eversweet' also had higher amounts of zinc and calcium in the raised beds. Given the spatial and financial constraints in urban systems and the variability of performance among cultivars, the cropping system should be selected before the cultivar.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous pig blood-derived protein hydrolysates as a promising method for alleviation of salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

    Zhou, WeiweiZheng, WenlongWang, WeixuanLv, Haofeng...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil salinity is one of the major environmental threat for sustainable agriculture. Animal protein hydrolysates, as plant biostimulants, have received increasing attention because of their positive impacts on crop performances. However, their functions in crop tolerance to salt stress are unknown. We investigate the feasibility of pig blood-derived protein hydrolysates (Pp) in improving salt tolerance in tomato and the underlying mechanism. Pp application effectively ameliorated the salt stress-induced reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll levels, and photosynthetic efficiency. Salt-induced osmotic stress was indicated by lower relative water content, where higher Na+/K+ ratio indicated the ionic toxicity, whereas these phenomena were alleviated by Pp application, which might be due to the increased proline, soluble protein, sugars, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents. Salt stress also caused a significant increase in oxidative stress, as indicated by the enhanced H2O2 and O-2(-) generation, malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage, which were mitigated significantly by Pp application via enhanced antioxidant enzyme (CAT, POD, and SOD) activities and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant including GSH and phenolic compounds. Pp application effectively enhanced tomato salt tolerance by regulating osmolytes biosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant system responses. Thus, Pp may be proposed as effective methods to help plants overcome salt stress situations in agriculture.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Low-temperature modified DNA methylation level, genome template stability, enzyme activity, and proline content in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes

    Ekinci, MelekYuce, MerveAraz, OguzhanShams, Mostafakamal...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Low-temperature stress has a significant effect on plant physiology, inducing growth hindrance and reducing yields. This study aimed to explore the effect of low-temperature stress [control (20/15 degrees C), 15/12 degrees C (LT1) and 10/8 degrees C (LT2) during day/night] on plant growth, enzyme activities, proline and H2O2 content, DNA methylation, and genome template stability (GTS) as well as chlorophyll content in pepper cultivars (AK, KD, YC, and TK). Based on the results, low-temperature stress significantly decreased the plant dry biomass, CAT activity, and chlorophyll content in pepper cultivars but had a slight impact on AK cultivar. The highest proline content (46%) was detected in the AK cultivar under LT1 compared to the control, but its lowest content (18.9%) was observed in the TK cultivar. Furthermore, the lowest and the highest hydrogen peroxide content under LT1 were found in the AK and TK cultivars (8.5% and 13.0%, respectively) compared to the control. Based on the results, lowtemperature stress decreased GTS in all cultivars, but the highest GTS rate was observed in the AK cultivar, and this was paralleled by having the highest plant dry biomass, enzyme activity, and proline content compared to the other cultivars. Low-temperature stress increased the DNA full methylation ratio in all pepper cultivars, whereas the AK cultivar was less affected compared to the other cultivars. These results suggest that pepper cultivars' responses differ under low-temperature stress, and the AK cultivar showed greater tolerance to lowtemperature stress compared to the other cultivars by having the highest GTS, POD, and CAT activities, as well as chlorophyll and proline content. Furthermore, proline was more effective compared to antioxidant enzyme activities in countering the harmful effects of cold stress in pepper.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Multi-micronutrient foliar fertilization in eggplant under diverse fertility scenarios: Effects on productivity, nutrient biofortification and soil microbial activity

    Kumar, VipinJat, Gograj SinghKuri, Bhola RamSingh, Deepak...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Numerous multi-micronutrient fertilizers (MMF) have been developed during recent years to address the micronutrient deficiencies in crops and their biofortification in edible parts to overcome the malnutrition and hidden-hunger. The present field study was undertaken to know the effect of MMF on yield, nutrient biofortification in eggplant and soil microbial enzymatic activities under diverse fertility scenarios. Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) treatments (control, 75% and 100%) were applied in main-plots, and MMF levels (control, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 kg ha(-1)) in sub-plots under split-plot design. Growth and yield of eggplant increased significantly with increasing levels of RDF. Similar trends were observed in available soil nutrient content and microbial activities. Likewise, 1.0 kg MMF ha(-1) increased growth and yield, and 0.75 kg MMF ha(-1) was also found at par with the highest dose. GGE biplot analysis revealed that the application of 0.75 or 1.0 kg ha(-1) MMF as foliar spray along with RDF is necessary to enhance micronutrient concentration in fruits. However, in shoot and leaves, higher levels of MMF improves nutrient content even without macronutrient application. Further, dehydrogenase activities and microbial biomass carbon was recorded significantly higher under 1.0 kg MMF ha(-1). Whereas, alkaline and acid phosphatases and urease activities were higher with 0.75 kg MMF ha(-1). Combined application of MMF (either 0.75 or 1.0 kg ha(-1)) and RDF enhances yield (18.3-21.7%) and micronutrient concentration in eggplant fruits significantly, besides improving soil biological health.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Foliar application of silicon and selenium improves the growth, yield and quality characteristics of cucumber in field conditions

    Hu, WanxingSu, YanZhou, JieZhu, Haijia...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the economically important vegetables. Silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) are beneficial elements for plant growth and development. However, their effects on the quality of cucumber fruit have not been comprehensively investigated. Moreover, the combined effects of these two elements on cucumber growth, yield and fruit quality remain unclear. In this study, the plants of cucumber `Jinyou 315' were foliar-sprayed with Si (1 mM) and Se (0.025 mM) separately or in combination, and their effects on the growth, yield and fruit quality were investigated. The results showed that Si and Se application individually or in combination enhanced the photosynthesis, growth and yield of cucumber. Application of Si and Se respectively increased their concentrations, and accumulations of soluble sugars and amino acids in the fruit. Se addition increased the total organic acid accumulation by enhancing the levels of citric acid, malic acid and oxalic acid. In addition, added Si increased the vitamin C concentration in the fruit, while added Se increased the concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids and decreased nitrate accumulation. These results suggest that application of Si and Se individually or in combination enhanced cucumber growth, yield and nutritional quality, and the combined effect of Si and Se was more obvious than their individual applications. This study may provide a theoretical basis for application of Si and Se in high quality cucumber production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cold shock treatment alleviates chilling injury in papaya fruit during storage by improving antioxidant capacity and related gene expression

    Nian, YuweiWang, NanLi, RuiShao, Yuanzhi...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Low temperatures cause chilling injuries in post-harvest papaya fruit. It is important to understand and ultimately alleviate fruit chilling damages to mitigate the post-harvest loss. This work aimed at investigating the effects of cold shock treatment (CST) on chilling injury (CI), antioxidant capacity and related gene expression of papaya fruits. Papaya fruit cultivar 'Sunup' was treated with ice water (4 degrees C) for 1 h, and control fruit was remain un-treated. They were then stored at 5 degrees C for 30 days and subsequently at 25 degrees C for additional three days. Results showed that CST significantly reduced the incidence of CI, ethylene production and respiratory rate in papaya fruit. CST also maintained higher content of ascorbic acid (Vc) and DPPH radical scavenging activity, and resulted in lower levels of cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), O-2(center dot-) and H2O2. Furthermore, the enhanced enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were found, whereas the reduced activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) was observed in CST fruits. The gene expression analysis showed that CpSOD2, CpCAT1, CpAPX2, and CpGR2 were significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, CST could be an effective approach for the CI reduction and quality maintenance of papaya fruits during cold storage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide identification and transcript analysis during fruit ripening of ACS gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)

    Sun, LifangNasrullahKe, FuzhiNie, Zhenpeng...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ethylene plays an important role in regulating the development and ripening of fruits, and ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid synthase) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis pathway. However, identification and functional analysis of ACS gene family in non-climacteric citrus have never been reported. In the present study, we identified eighteen probable CsACS genes from the genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia). Subsequently, the phylogenetic, structural, promoter, microsynteny and expression analysis were performed. The CsACS genes mainly located outside the cells, and were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes of sweet orange. Phylogenetic relationship analysis showed that eighteen CsACSs were divided into four groups, including three types of ACS, and the ACS genes with similar gene structure and motif distribution were clustered in the same group. Cis-element identification indicated the possible role of CsACS genes in growth and development processes. Conserved synteny was observed among C. sinensis, Arabidopsis and Solanum lycopersicum, and orthologous gene pairs were distributed across the eight chromosomes with ACS genes of C. sinensis. Furthermore, seven CsACSs (CsACS1 to CsACS7) tissue-specific expression results showed that five of the seven members were highly expressed in the ovary. In conclusion, based on CsACS genes expression level, changes in ACS activity and ACC content at different stages of sweet orange fruit, the CsACS1 and CsACS2 may regulate ethylene synthesis at the early stage before coloring, whereas stable and low-level endogenous ethylene synthesis during coloring and ripening stages may be regulated by the expression of CsACS3, CsACS4 and CsACS6. Taken together, these results would provide valuable information for future functional investigation and application for breeding of ACS gene family in sweet orange.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous application of liquiritin alleviated salt stress and improved growth of Chinese kale plants

    Akram, WaheedYasin, Nasim AhmadShah, Anis AliKhan, Waheed Ullah...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Current research was designed to evaluate the role of exogenous liquiritin (750 ppm) in alleviation of salt stress in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). Salt stress (2.5 and 5 dS m(-1)) caused ionic phytotoxicity through enhancing sodium content and decreasing plant nutrients such as potassium, calcium and magnesium. The 5 dS m(-1) salinity treatment significantly declined the root length, shoot length, total chlorophyll, total soluble proteins, leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, total glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid of Chinese kale plants by 39%, 35%, 28%, 15%, 26%, 29%, 35%, and 19% respectively as compared to untreated control. Neverthless, liquiritin supplemented plants showed obvious augmentation in the values of these growth parameters under toxic and non toxic regimes. Similarly, salinized plants showed higher amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), flavonoids, total soluble proteins, proline phenolics and free amino acids in addition to activity of antioxidant enzymes including super oxidase, catalase and peroxidase. Never-theless, liquiritin alleviated salt induced oxidative stress through decreasing MDA and H2O2 level besides improving antioxidative machinery in treated plants. The salt stress assuagement in liquiritin treated plants was correlated to the elevated biosynthesis of total free amino acids, proline, and total glucosinolate content besides well-organized antioxidant system.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physiological and iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses for yellowing of postharvest broccoli heads under elevated O-2 controlled atmosphere

    Zhang, YuxiaoMa, YangliGuo, YanyinChen, Ying...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Controlled atmosphere storage has been proved to be an effective measure to regulate chlorophyll degradation. The obvious inhibitory effect of CO2 on chlorophyll degradation was widely studied, but information available on the promotion of chlorophyll degradation by elevated O2 was limited. The present work aimed to investigate the regulation of different O2 concentrations on yellowing of broccoli heads during storage by physiology and proteomics. As expected, 40% O2 + 5% CO2 treatment promoted the chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid synthesis, and thus to accelerate the yellowing of broccoli heads. In addition, elevated O2 decreased the ascorbic acid, glucosinolate, and flavonoid contents and increased the MDA content. A total of 189 proteins related to the yellowing of broccoli heads were identified as differentially expressed proteins (fold change >= 1.20 or <= 0.83). These proteins were mainly associated with pigment metabolism, thylakoid structure, photosynthetic system, chloroplast ribosome, antioxidant substance metabolism, and antioxidant enzyme metabolism. The proteomics results showed 40% O2 + 5% CO2 treatment disrupted antioxidant metabolism and aggravated oxidative stress compared with 5% O2 + 5% CO2 and 20% O2 + 5% CO2 treatments, thus leading to the destruction of photosystems I and II, thylakoid membrane, and chloroplast ribosome in broccoli heads. In addition, 40% O2 + 5% CO2 treatment accelerated the yellowing of postharvest broccoli heads by down-regulating chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway and the expression of apolipoproteins (light-harvesting complex I, II, and oxygen-evolving enhancer protein) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), and up-regulating chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways. This study might improve our understanding of yellowing acceleration mechanisms of broccoli heads by elevated O2, thereby promoting the development of new broccoli heads preservation technology.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier