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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Lignin metabolism plays an essential role in the formation of corky split vein caused by boron deficiency in 'Newhall' navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.)

    Zhou, GaofengSun, XiaonaZhang, LipingZeng, Xiaoli...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for plant development, and its deficiency has been frequently observed in many crops. Corky split vein (CSV) is a typical symptom of B deficiency in citrus, but the mechanism for the formation under B deficiency is unclear. Our work highlighted the role of lignin biosynthesis in the formation of CSV. Two-year-old 'Newhall' navel oranges were grown under B-deficient conditions until CSV symptoms developed. The morphology of CSV was observed by vein separation and anatomical analysis, and results showed that the vascular bundle cells were malformed, and their cell walls were heavily thickened. Interestingly, a phellem layer was clearly observed around the vascular bundle, which has not been reported previously. Moreover, many small, new, and incomplete vascular bundles were found around the original vascular bundle. These results indicate that the formation of CSV caused by B deficiency in citrus can probably be attributed to the accumulation of lignin in the vascular bundle of the veins. Lignin content measurement showed the leaf lignin content was markedly increased under B deficiency stress. Further FTIR spectral analysis showed that the relative absorbance corresponding to characteristic lignin peaks were higher in B deficient leaf than control plants, but the ratio of monolignols did not change. These results indicate that lignin accumulation increased significantly under B deficiency stress, and it promotes the formation of CSV symptoms. The key enzymes of lignin biosynthesis were analyzed and the results suggest that B deficiency activated the activity of PAL, C4H, CCR, and CAD enzymes in citrus leaves, with the exception of 4CL. Similarly, lignin biosynthesis key genes expression levels increased under B deficiency stress, including CsPAL, CsC4H, Cs4CL2, Cs4CL3, CsCCR1, CsCAD2, CsCAD3, and CsCAD5. These results implying that lignin metabolism plays an essential role in the formation of CSV under B deficiency. Taken together, our results provide important insights into the mechanism of CSV formation caused by B deficiency stress in citrus.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Integrated analysis of the metabolome, transcriptome and miRNome reveals crucial roles of auxin and heat shock proteins in the heat stress response of loquat fruit

    Chen, YongpingDeng, ChaojunXu, QizhiChen, Xiuping...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a subtropical tree that blooms in autumn, and its fruits ripen during late spring. Sunburn caused by high temperature and high light intensity is one of the most severe abiotic stress factors that decreases loquat productivity and fruit quality and shelf life, greatly inhibiting sustainable development of this fruit crop industry. To date, little is known about fruit heat tolerance regulation, and investigation of heat stress responses and thermotolerant improvement is important for fruit crops. 'Wuduiyadanben' loquat fruits under 40 degrees C stress were collected for physiological and comparative sequencing analyses; hormone changes in loquat fruit in response to heat stress were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Several discriminatory hormone metabolites were identified, including fourteen cytokinins (CK), eight auxins, five jasmonic acids (JA), three gibberellin acids (GA), two abscisic acids (ABA), two salicylic acids (SA), one ethylene (ETH) and one strigolactone (SL). Transcriptomics analysis suggested that genes enriched in 'Plant hormone signal transduction', 'Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant-pathogen interaction' and 'Oxidative phosphorylation' pathways are involved in the heat stress response. Additionally, small RNA analysis further revealed that miRNAs, including miRNA160-x, miRNA393-x, miR6187-x, miR8726-y and novel-m0057-5p, might act together with auxin signaling and heat shock proteins to regulate genes in the heat stress response process. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the thermal stress responses of loquat fruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Light utilisation, leaf canopy properties and fruiting responses of narrow-row, planar cordon apple orchard planting systems-A study of the productivity of apple

    Tustin, D. S.Breen, K. C.van Hooijdonk, B. M.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Growth (annual increase in total dry mass) and productivity of agricultural cropping systems depend on the fractional interception of total seasonal light energy. With single-row hedgerow intensive apple orchard systems the reported maximum light utilisation is similar to 60% fractional interception. This limitation is determined by row layout and hedgerow tree architecture, constraining apple orchard productivity to maxima of 100-120 t ha(-1). We hypothesised that reducing the orchard system between-row spacing to 1.5 m to 2.0 m would increase light interception and productivity, using two-dimensional, narrow planar hedgerow trees to maintain within-canopy irradiance. Trees comprised 10 vertical fruiting stems, equally spaced along 3 m of horizontal cordon (the planar cordon tree), requiring 2222 and 1667 trees per ha. By the seventh year the maximum fractional light interception (LI) was 77% in 1.5 m row plots and 66% in 2.0 m row plots, averaged across four cultivars ('Gala', 'Scifresh', 'Scilate', 'Fuji'). The LAI-light interception response relationship of 6- and 7-year-old plots indicated a potential maximum light interception above 80% at a LAI of 3.5-5.0. Annual yields increased in proportion to increasing annual maximum fractional light interception from year two onwards and described an exponential response: Yield = 5.085e(0.0483LI), (R-2 = 0.88). The yield response to maximum fractional light interception exceeded the hypothesised 169 t ha(-1) at 90% light interception in spindle systems proposed by Palmer et al. (2002). The yield-light utilisation behaviour of planar cordon systems indicate the productivity potential of apple as a crop has been under-estimated; a theoretical maximum annual yield of market-quality apples at similar to 90% light utilisation (>= 2000 MJ m(-2) light energy per season) is estimated to be in a range of 250-315 t ha(-1). Productivity amongst cultivars and regions will be influenced by the cultivar genetics for fruit size, relative maturation dates and production microclimates, because these orchard systems will function at the upper limit of light utilisation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genotypic variation of glucosinolates and their breakdown products in mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds

    Zhang, ChenluDi, HongmeiLin, PeixingWang, Yating...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The glucosinolates and glucosinolate breakdown products (GBPs) in the seeds of three types of mustard (root, stem, and leaf mustards) from a core collection of 50 cultivars were studied. Nine glucosinolates and ten GBPs were identified, with sinigrin and 2-propenyl isothiocyanate (SIN-ITC) being the dominant glucosinolate and GBP, respectively. Among the tested cultivars, the contents of total glucosinolates and GBPs ranged from 46.84 to 89.30 mu mol g(-1) FW and from 23.07 to 82.20 mu mol g(-1) FW, respectively. Leaf mustard had both the highest average levels of glucosinolates and GBPs (65.04 mu mol g(-1) FW and 55.97 mu mol g(-1) FW, respectively) and the greatest variation in total GBP content compared with root and stem mustards. L8 had the highest content of SIN-ITC (72.06 mu mol g(-1) FW). These findings indicate that mustard seeds, especially cultivar L8, can be good candidates for functional foods since they contain extremely high levels of SIN-ITC, a potent anti-carcinogenic isothiocyanate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier