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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Systematic transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernel to trace variations in antioxidant activity during ripening

    Wang P.Wu C.Zhang R.Yu J....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Walnut is considered as a good source of antioxidants. However, the molecular mechanism for the composition and accumulation of antioxidant-related metabolites in walnut remains elusive. In this study, a comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was carried to reveal the metabolic dynamics, antioxidant activity variations and underlying regulatory networks during the development of walnut kernel. The results demonstrated that walnut kernel goes through the stages of cell division and proliferation, nutrient accumulation, and nutrient stabilization and maintenance, and the antioxidant activity first decreases and then increases during development. Metabolomic analysis identified a total of 176 metabolites in walnut. Hydrolyzed tannins (HT), coumarins and their derivatives (COA) are significantly positively correlated with the antioxidant activity. Phenylpropane metabolism is the key pathway for HT and COA synthesis, and CHI, CHS, F3H and UGT are the key regulatory enzymes. Sugars and organic acids provide energy and precursor for the accumulation of nutrients in walnut kernel through sugar metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). Large amounts of amino acids are accumulated at the nutrient accumulation stage, providing precursors for the formation of proteins and flavonoids during the ripening of walnut. Our results provide new insights into the metabolic regulation of antioxidant activity during walnut ripening.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptomic analysis reveals crucial biological pathways associated with cold response in Camellia weiningensis in Guizhou Province, China

    Xu H.Yu C.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Camellia weiningensis Y.K.Li.sp.nov. is a tea-oil tree species with excellent commercial properties and strong resistance to cold temperatures in Weining County, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. To gain insight into the molecular responses during C. weiningensis adaption to cold stress, we investigated the transcriptome profiles and physiological changes of C. weiningensis leaves under chilling stress (4 °C) and freezing stress (-4 °C) conditions. Comparison with transcriptomes of C. weiningensis seedlings grown at room temperature (20 °C), 23,039 and 19,271 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under chilling and freezing conditions, respectively. A total of 8907 DEGs overlapped for the 4 °C and -4 °C treatments. Common DEGs were mainly involved in signal transduction pathways, transcription factor regulation, photosynthesis pathways, fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesis of osmolytes and aquaporin, and antioxidant systems. Most DEGs associated with photosynthetic systems were down-regulated under cold stress, but the expression levels of most DEGs associated with sugar metabolism, aquaporin, peroxidase (POD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were up-regulated. In addition, physiological indicators reflected the gene activity associated with the RNA-sequencing findings; exposure to cold stress caused cell membrane damage, and a decrease in the chlorophyll content (Chl) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn). However, cold stress increased antioxidant enzyme activity (POD and GST), aquaporin activity, and soluble sugar content as adjustments to cold stress. Our studies identified key cold response pathways present in C. weiningensis, which will inform the planting of C. weiningensis in alpine mountainous areas and will facilitate further exploration of new candidate genes for chilling and freezing tolerance for the breeding of tea-oil tree cultivars.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The pepper MYB transcription factor CaMYB306 accelerates fruit coloration and negatively regulates cold resistance

    Ma X.Yu Y.-N.Jia J.-H.Li Q.-H....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The extensively studied MYB transcription factor (TF) family has significant functions in plant development and stress responses. However, little is known about the role of MYB TFs in fruit coloration and cold resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In this study, we identified the novel MYB gene CaMYB306 in pepper. CaMYB306 expression was higher in red fruit. Knockdown of CaMYB306 inhibited carotenoid biosynthesis and decreased expression of carotenoid-related genes in pepper fruit. CaMYB306-overexpressing (CaMYB306-OE) tomato plants showed earlier coloration with increased carotenoid accumulation and decreased chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents. The expression levels of key carotenoid biosynthesis genes (SlPSY and SlPDS) and key chlorophyll catabolic enzymes genes (SlSGR and SlPAO) were increased in CaMYB306-OE fruit, whereas key anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (SlF3H and SlCHS) were down-regulated. Additionally, CaMYB306 expression was up-regulated under cold treatment. CaMYB306 played a negative role in cold response via the regulation of the reactive oxygen species system and the expression of cold-related genes. CaMYB306 suppressed the transcriptional activity of Calcineurin B-Like-Interacting Protein Kinase gene 13 (CaCIPK13), which was a positive regulator of cold resistance. These findings clarify the role of MYB TFs in fruit coloration and cold resistance in pepper.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exploring the significance of photosynthetic activity and carbohydrate metabolism in peel tissues during banana fruit ripening

    Schmitz G.J.H.Peroni-Okita F.H.G.Cordenunsi-Lysenko B.R.Freschi L....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Starch synthesis and degradation in banana pulp have been extensively characterized. However, no literature studies are currently available on these processes in the peel, except concerning the presence of starch granules. Thus, this work explored the potential connection between photosynthetic activity and starch accumulation in banana peel. Bananas, cultivar Nanic?o, were analyzed at different development and ripening stages. The chlorophyll a fluorescence values for green banana peels indicated that the photosystems were active before fruit ripening, concomitant to starch accumulation. During banana ripening, accumulated starch is degraded concomitantly with an increase in soluble sugars, such as those occurring in the pulp. For comparison, the peel and pulp starch granules were characterized during the fruit ripening. The results showed that the peel starch granules presented higher amylose contents than the pulp, and SEM images exhibited similar patterns of granules, shapes, and sizes. As ripening advanced, starch granules from the peel appeared to undergo different degradation steps, and the appearance of starch fragments of different sizes indicated an apparent weakness, probably due to the low structural complexity of their components, amylose and amylopectin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Improvement of frost tolerance in tomato by foliar application of potassium sulphate

    Donderalp V.Dursun A.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The study aimed to determine the mean low-temperature exotherms (LTE) of the shoot tip of the ?mür F1, Cuma F1, Safir F1, VT-1770, Elibol F1, and Adelya F1 tomato cultivars and Yerli-14 and Yerli-24 local tomato genotypes. Moreover, this investigation intended to specify the most effective dose of potassium sulfate with its efficacy time by applying four different doses of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) foliar fertilizer on the most and least tolerant cultivar. The mean LTE of the shoot tip of seedlings was determined by using differential thermal analysis (DTA). In the second part of the study, 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% dosage of K2SO4 foliar fertilizer were applied on the least and most tolerant cultivars with the intent of identifying the most effective dose increasing frost tolerance. It was also stated how long the ideal fertilizer dosage would be effective. DTA method may be effectively used in the determination of frost tolerance in tomatoes. VT-1770 was found the most tolerant cultivar while Safir F1 was the least tolerant. In the study, 1% fertilizer dose was found the most effective dose among the 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% studied doses of K2SO4 foliar fertilizer after applying on Safir F1 and VT-1770 tomato seedlings. The dose of 1% K2SO4 fertilizer offered considerable frost resistance after 24 and 72 h later while slightly losing its efficacy after 120 h later as compared to each other after 1% application of fertilizer dose applied on Safir F1 and VT-1770 tomato seedlings. Present study revealed that the foliar application of K could be applied to enhancing frost tolerance in tomatoes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exotic genes for solving emerging peach production challenges

    Gradziel T.M.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Author(s)Peach, a major fresh-market and processing tree crop world-wide, is entering a period of transformation driven by changes in climate, production methods and market trends but where future breeding progress is severely limited by its very narrow genetic base. Peach rootstocks, which are also of global importance, have a long history of utilizing interspecies hybridization to successfully incorporate needed traits for disease, pest and environmental stress resistance. Interspecies hybridizations resulting in commercially successful rootstocks have been made between cultivated peach and its close wild peach relatives, as well as the more distantly related cultivated almond and its numerous and ecologically diverse wild relatives. Hybrids between peach and plum as well as apricot species have also been successful, though more difficult. Recent efforts to further introgress such exotic germplasm for peach cultivar improvement have successfully transferred not only disease and pest resistance but also improved fruit and tree quality as well as greater tolerance to environmental stresses. Associated genetic and genomic studies provide useful information on trait heritability and, in many cases, have identified putative linkage group and possible candidate genes. Heritability of most traits derived from exotic germplasm, however, remains poorly studied, though early research suggests genomic and epigenetic modifications may sometimes be involved in addition to more traditionally studied genetic changes. While exotic gene introgression has the potential for transferring novel traits of value for rootstock and cultivar improvement, undesirable but undetected changes can also occur that, because of the long-lived and high-value nature of peach orchards, can ultimately result in severe economic losses.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Organic fertilizers in greenhouse production systems – a review

    Bergstrand K.-J.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Author(s)From a sustainability point of view, there are strong arguments of nutrient recycling within the society, which means more use of organic nutrient sources within agriculture and horticulture. At the same time, there is an increasing consumer demand for certified organic products, and incentives from governments to increase the conversion of production areas to organic production. This also applies to greenhouse horticulture. Many different raw materials for organic fertilizers are used as of today, such as animal manures, slaughterhouse byproducts, vegetable byproducts, green manure, algae, composts, anaerobic digestates etc. In common for all these fertilizer types is that they are limited in availability, not always consistent with respect to nutrient content, and that they require microbial degradation in order to mineralize its content of nutrients, and are thereby more or less to be characterized as slow release fertilizers. Greenhouse horticulture is different from open field agriculture in several ways with respect to nutrient supply. Firstly, the use of fallow crops and crop rotation is not practical due to the high investment costs bound in the greenhouse structure. Secondly, growth per unit area is significantly higher than in outdoor production, with subsequently higher nutrient demand, often concentrated to a relatively short period of time. On the other hand, climatic factors such as soil temperature and moisture can be controlled which is beneficial for the control of nutrient release. Traditionally, animal by-products such as manure and slaughterhouse wastes have been widely used as organic fertilizers. However, limited availability and ethical concerns is currently driving forces in the search for alternative nutrient sources. The use of solid and liquid anaerobic digestates as fertilizers is a promising practice for greenhouse horticulture. Energy is a “by product” from the production and the nutrient content of the digestates can be modified by feeding the anaerobic reactor with different stock. Furthermore, it is suggested that techniques for fine-tuning the nutrient supply in organic greenhouse horticulture is further developed and adopted, such as the use of microbial biofertilizers and foliar sprays.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    2,4-epibrassinolide enhance chilling tolerance of loquat fruit by regulating cell wall and membrane fatty acid metabolism

    Chen G.Hou Y.Zheng Y.Jin P....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) treatment has the effect of reducing chilling injury (CI) on many kinds of fruits. However, the effect on loquat fruit is unknown. The impacts of 15 μM EBR in response to CI of loquat fruit by regulating cell wall and fatty acid metabolism have been investigated in this study. Our results indicated that EBR treatment notably attenuated the symptom of CI, particularly, inhibited the accumulation of lignin, positively correlated with firmness. In contrast to control fruit, higher levels of water-soluble pectin and chelate-soluble pectin, as well as lower levels of sodium carbonate-soluble pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose were observed in EBR preconditioned fruit. The activities of polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (Cel) and β-galactosidase (β-gal) were higher in EBR treated-loquat fruit than those in control. The reduction of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were retarded by EBR treatment, which was the consequence of the lower lipoxygenase (LOX) and phospholipase D (PLD) activities. Hence, this work demonstrated that EBR enhanced chilling tolerance in loquat fruit attribute to maintaining the high level of soluble cell wall polysaccharides and unsaturated fatty acids by regulating related-enzymes activities.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Inflorescence lignification of natural species and horticultural hybrids of Phalaenopsis orchids

    Pramanik D.Lens F.Smets E.Gravendeel B....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Phalaenopsis is an important ornamental pot plant for the global horticultural market. The inflorescences of Phalaenopsis horticultural hybrids require support from a stick during plant cultivation because of the weight of multiple large flowers. Developing a horticultural hybrid with a sufficiently lignified inflorescence stem that does not require additional support could be a way to reduce the costs of production. This study aimed to (i) determine the orientation and degree of lignification in the inflorescence stem of different species and horticultural hybrids of Phalaenopsis and investigate whether these lignification patterns follow any (ii) topological or (iii) phylogenetic pattern of interest to further explore in genetic precision breeding. Inflorescences of comparable developmental stages of six species and 17 horticultural hybrids of flowering Phalaenopsis orchids were sampled. The orientation of the inflorescence varied from erect, sub-erect, arching, to pendant. The degree of lignification was measured with ImageJ using stained microscopic tissue sections and statistically analyzed. A molecular phylogeny of the species of Phalaenopsis was reconstructed based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences to analyze phylogenetic patterns. Our results show a significant difference in the degree of lignification between the different Phalaenopsis species and hybrids, between peduncle and rachis, and among the six different inflorescence positions analyzed. We found a positive correlation between inflorescence orientation and the proportion of lignified area per total stem area and the proportional thickness of the lignified fiber walls in the peduncle. We conclude that the degree of lignification is heritable, as we observed among our sample size a higher positive correlation between stem lignification variables among closely related taxa compared to more distantly related ones. However, a larger species sampling is needed to further validate our results.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Integrated proteomics and transcriptome analysis reveal a decreased catechins metabolism in variegated tea leaves

    Lu M.Li Y.Jia H.Xi Z....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Globally, tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a crucial commercial crop. In this study, a variegated tea plant identified in Huangshan, China. The variegated and residual normal leaves were used as the research material. The variegated leaves of the plant were ecologically insensitive. The components, tissue structure, gene expression patterns, and protein expression profiles of the variegated tea plant were analyzed. Ultrastructural analysis of the variegated leaves revealed that the chloroplasts of the leaves were abnormally developed, with no obvious thylakoids. Compared with normal leaves, the albino leaves had lower total catechins content and higher total free amino acid content. Through RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis, chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation, photosynthesis, chloroplast development, and flavonoid biosynthesis of the variegated leaves were affected. The less chlorophyll content in the variegated tea leaves could probably attributed to the destruction of chloroplast structure. Besides, the relatively high expression and enzyme activity of CLH, showed an active chlorophyll degradation; the lower expression of Lhcb1, Lhcb3; and POR in chlorophyll synthesis, might be related to the low chlorophyll in variegated leaves. In terms of flavonoid biosynthesis, expression of the related genes was down-regulated and the target protein content of ANR, CHI) was also reduced. These results may provide insight into the catechins mechanism of such variegated phenotypes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier