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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Cold shock treatment with oxalic acid could alleviate chilling injury in green bell pepper by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating proline metabolism

    Wang F.Yang Q.Li X.Zhao Q....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The effects of cold shock, oxalic acid, and combined cold shock + oxalic acid treatments on chilling injury, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline metabolism of cold-stored green bell pepper fruit were investigated. The results showed that cold shock, oxalic acid treatment, and their combination significantly reduced chilling injury, inhibited the increase of superoxide radical production, hydrogen peroxide content, malondialdehyde levels, and relative membrane permeability, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, the treatments promoted the accumulation of proline associated with increase in ?1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and ornithine δ-aminotransferase activities, and decrease in proline dehydrogenase activity. The results indicate that cold shock, oxalic acid, and their combination alleviated chilling injury in green bell pepper fruit by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and proline accumulation. The combined cold shock + oxalic acid treatment was the most effective method for reducing chilling injury, and therefore has broad future application prospects.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide identification and characterization of long noncoding RNAs involved in apple fruit development and ripening

    Wang S.Guo M.Huang K.Qi Q....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a regulatory role during fresh fruit ripening. However, the functions of lncRNAs during apple fruit ripening have received relatively little attention. Here, we performed strand-specific RNA-seq and lncRNA identification at four developmental stages of ‘Pinova’ apple (Malus domestica) fruits. A total of 12,570 differentially expressed mRNAs and 3571 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified among the four fruit developmental stages. Co-localization and co-expression principles were used to explore lncRNA–mRNA target relationships. Interestingly, most lncRNA targeted mRNAs appeared to participate in various fruit ripening pathways involving the cell wall, photosystems, biosynthesis and metabolic processes. To further explore the potential correlations between lncRNAs and mRNAs, a group of 8239 mRNAs and 3566 lncRNAs were used for cluster and co-expression network analysis, and 15 clusters were obtained. Four different clusters were selected for functional analysis and the construction of co-expression networks. mRNAs differentially expressed in the early ripening stages were mainly involved with photosynthesis, whereas those differentially expressed at later stages were associated with metabolic pathways, consistent with the dynamic accumulation of metabolites in ripening fruits. Based on these analyses, we identified a series of genes that play vital roles in fruit ripening and are regulated by lncRNAs; these included IAA32, SAUR36, and PA2. qRT-PCR analysis also validated these regulatory relationships. Previous studies have shown that lncRNAs can repress miRNA–mRNA targeting by acting as endogenous target mimics (eTMs). We therefore investigated the involvement of lncRNAs in miRNA targeting of mRNA, and eTMs of lncRNAs involved in the targeting of GAMYB (transcriptional factor in anthocyanin synthesis) by miR159 were identified. These results provide insight for future studies of lncRNA regulation during apple fruit ripening.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mitigating magnesium deficiency for sustainable citrus production: A case study in Southwest China

    Wang Y.Li Y.Kang F.Fan Z....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Citrus is the biggest fruit crop in the world. Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is becoming a major limiting factor for sustainable citrus production globally, especially in China. Acidified soil, low Mg availability and poor nutrient management by small growers impact citrus fruit yield and quality, and its ecological environments. Grower surveys were therefore conducted to evaluate the extent and the underlying causes of Mg deficiency in the citrus orchards in Danling County, a typical citrus production county in Southwest China. A large, detailed citrus grower survey, along with soil and plant analyses, revealed that 73% of orchard soil and 93% of citrus leaf samples were Mg-deficient in the study region. Further, more than 50% of the local agrochemical technology providers did not identify citrus Mg deficiency symptoms. As a result, the orchard soil had negligible input of Mg (average 11 kg MgO ha?1), but received a large excess of nitrogen (average 712 kg N ha?1), phosphorus (average 364 kg P2O5 ha?1), and potassium fertilizers (average 565 kg K2O ha?1) annually. This unbalanced fertilization aggravated soil Mg depletion in 89% of citrus orchards. To rectify Mg deficiency, field experiments with crop nutrient demand and supply-based optimal nutrient management, including Mg application and reduced rates of NPK fertilizer (OPT+Mg), were conducted in two orchards over two cropping seasons. Compared with farmer practices, OPT+Mg treatment resulted in higher fruit yield (average 3.7 t ha?1), nutrient use efficiency, fruit quality and gross profit, with reduced environmental costs. In summary, this case study helped develop a social and technological strategy to mitigate Mg deficiency for profitable and sustainable citrus production in the major citrus producing region in China, and possibly in other counties with similar soil and environmental conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    SlDREB2 gene specifically recognizing to the universal DRE elements is a transcriptional activator improving drought tolerance in tomato

    Tao L.Chen H.Wang B.Jiang L....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Plant DREB transcription factors play an important transcriptional activation role under abiotic stresses. In this study, both tomato RNAi-lines and transgenic Arabidopsis lines were evaluated to unveil whether the SlDREB2 gene functions by the transcriptional activation pathway under drought stress. The SlDREB2 gene contains a typical AP2/EREBP conserved domain and is localized to the cell nucleus. Data shows that the SlDREB2 gene almost revealed identical expression profile in all tissues of tomato seedlings and was induced by drought. In vitro assay reveals that the SlDREB2 protein specifically bound to the universal DRE cis-elements, instead of limiting to the DRE motifs in the promoters of the downstream genes. The transcripts of the DREB2 gene in RNAi-lines were lowered by more than 55%, and proline in RNAi-lines were lowered by more than 25%, while soluble sugar was decreased by more than 40% in RNAi -lines comparing to the WT after two weeks of drought stress. However, the MDA contents in RNAi-lines at least demonstrated an increase of 0.8 folds after three weeks of drought stress comparing to the WT. The contents of proline in Arabidopsis overexpressing the SlDREB2 gene increased 12.4% in OE-1 line and 24.8% in OE-2 line comparing to the WT after 2 weeks of drought stress, respectively. Overexpression of the SlDREB2 gene up-regulated 1.98-fold of the Kin1 transcripts in OE-1 line and 2.53-fold of the Kin2 gene transcripts in OE-2 line, while the rd29A gene was up-regulated by 2.91-fold in OE-1 line and 9.63-fold in OE-2 line comparing to the WT after two weeks of drought stress, respectively. Specific up-regulation of the SlDREB2 gene in Arabidopsis enriched the functional genes involving in the metabolic process under drought stress. This study provided novel insight into the transcription activation pathway of the SlDREB2 gene in improving plant drought stress tolerance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of gibberellin and cytokinin on phenolic and volatile composition of Sangiovese grapes

    Tyagi K.Maoz I.Lapidot O.Kochanek B....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Cytokinin and gibberellin are plant growth regulators (PGRs) used to increase berry size in seedless table grapes but their effects on wine grape phenolics and volatiles was not studied. In the current study, gibberellic acid (GA3) and synthetic cytokinin forchlorfenuron (CPPU) and their combination were applied to fruitlets of Sangiovese and berries were sampled 79 days following application. All the treatment significantly increase berry diameter and berry weight and CPPU containing treatment increased skin thickness. All treatments reduced sugar accumulation and color development but did not have an effect on acid levels. HPLC analysis showed that total flavan-3-ols level was increased by CPPU, GA containing treatments reduced the levels of flavonols and anthocyanins were significantly reduced in all the treatment (≈50%). Phloroglucinol analysis showed that proanthocyanidins level were significantly increased whereas the mean degree of polymerization was reduced from 40 to ≈21 by all the treatments. GC–MS analysis of berries showed a decrease in fatty acid derived volatile compounds by all treatments with potential impact on flavor. Analysis of wine phenolics in subsequent harvest was in general agreement with the previous results. In summary, this study provides new information on how PGRs can change berry composition and subsequently wine attributes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Actigard? induces a defence response to limit Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Hort16A’ tissue culture plants.

    Jayaraman J.Templeton M.D.Stroud E.A.Rikkerink E.H.A....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Bacterial canker, caused by the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is the most serious disease of Actinidia species worldwide. Salicylic acid, a key plant defence hormone, plays a significant role in the induction of defence against Psa. Actigard?, a salicylic acid mimic, is commonly used to manage Psa by priming the plants’ endogenous salicylic acid-mediated defence response prior to infection. A considerable body of data exists on its effectiveness in orchard trials. Despite the horticultural significance, the dynamics of Psa populations in planta and the impact of Actigard? priming on Psa survival overtime is difficult to follow given the numerous growth conditions and infection parameters that occur in the orchard environment. We set out to test whether a tissue culture system could be used to measure these properties. By correlating symptom development with endophytic Psa population growth, we demonstrate that disease development is controlled by a ‘mechanistic switch’, triggered by population size, which converts Psa from a biotrophic lifestyle to a necrotrophic lifestyle. Actigard? treatment induced the expression of key salicylic acid defence genes to limit population growth resulting in an absence of disease-associated symptoms. Our data provides insight into the natural infection dynamics of Psa and the ability of the salicylic acid-mediated defence pathway to disrupt population growth and disease progression.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of a growth-promoting Paraburkholderia species on nitrogen acquisition by avocado seedlings

    Gallart M.Trueman S.J.Paungfoo-Lonhienne C.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021The increasing popularity of avocado (Persea americana) fruit has led to a rise in environmental impacts of avocado production. There is an urgent need to adopt sustainable nutrient practices in avocado nurseries and orchards to reduce nitrogen (N) pollution without compromising productivity. However, there is little understanding of how avocado rootstocks respond to different N fertilisation strategies. We investigated the effects of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) from the genus Paraburkholderia on growth of Reed avocado seedlings fertilised with either inorganic N fertiliser (iN) or combined inorganic N with organic manure-based fertiliser (iNoN). We studied plant growth and N acquisition, mineral N (NH4+-N and NO3?-N) in leachate, potting-mix physicochemical properties, and rhizosphere microbial communities. PGPR increased N uptake efficiency (NUpE) in seedlings fertilised with iNoN by 23% compared with iNoN without PGPR, 120% compared with iN without PGPR, and 71% compared with iN with PGPR. No significant differences in growth or mineral N leaching were observed between the iNoN and iN treatments. However, both uninoculated and PGPR-inoculated plants with iNoN fertiliser had greater plant N uptake and rhizosphere microbial-biomass N than uninoculated plants with iN fertiliser. Potting medium with iNoN fertiliser had higher N retention than with iN fertiliser, regardless of PGPR inoculation. Our results provide evidence that PGPR effects on N uptake efficiency are regulated by N form and N availability. The beneficial effects of PGPR inoculation when co-applied with a combination of inorganic and organic N fertiliser indicate that PGPR-based technologies can improve nitrogen recovery in avocado nurseries.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the mechanism of temperature-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple asparagus spears

    Yang Y.Cao Y.Han C.Yun L....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Anthocyanins are the major pigments in purple asparagus spears, and the purple color fades and becomes lighter under high temperature growing conditions. In this study, we examined anthocyanins in the peels of spears and the differential expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the spear peels of purple asparagus plants grown at 25/15 °C (day/night; T1, CK), 32/20 °C (T2), and 38/25 °C (T3) using metabolomic and transcriptomic technologies. By comparing samples grown under the three temperature treatments, a total of 17 anthocyanin metabolites were identified using LC-MS/MS. In comparison groups T1 vs T2 and T1 vs T3, the content of cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside was reduced 27.4- and 65-fold, respectively; the content of delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside was reduced 11.5- and 33.8-fold, respectively. Through transcriptomic analysis, 3,783 and 5,038 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in T1 vs T2 and T1 vs T3 comparison groups, respectively. KEGG analysis indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in phenylpropane and flavonoid metabolic pathways. In T1 vs T3, the expression of 14 genes, including CHI, CHS, DFR, and ANS, in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway was downregulated; the expression of 14 genes, including HCT, CCR, and CCoAOMT, in the lignin biosynthetic pathway was upregulated; and the expression of the LAR gene in the catechin pathway was upregulated. High temperature conditions caused the redirection of metabolic flux between the branches of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, and part of the fluxes shifted from the anthocyanin biosynthetic branch to the lignin biosynthetic branch, thereby restricting the synthesis of anthocyanins.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Monitoring amino acid profile and protein quality of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) under drought stress, silicon nutrition and mycorrhiza inoculation

    Haghighi T.M.Saharkhiz M.J.Jowkar A.Kavoosi G....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Abiotic stresses usually trigger plant responses that entail several changes in the metabolism of amino acids. The Glycyrrhiza glabra rhizomes activate integrative biochemical networks in response to water deficit conditions, mycorrhiza inoculation, and silicon application. In the present study, irrigation was performed to make the soil reach 5 different levels of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity (control). Silicon application was used at 300 ppm concentration solute in irrigation water for half of treatments. The Claroiedoglomus etunicatum is used as mycorrhizal inoculum. After 2 months, the amino acid profile of treated plants (from acidic root extracts) was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results were indicated that amino acids changed as a result of water deficiency, silicon nutrition, and mycorrhiza inoculation. As proline accumulation can be one of the indicator responses to drought stress, in this study, 100% irrigation with applying silicon, without mycorrhiza inoculation showed increased levels in proline (83.09 mg.g?1 dry biomass), while minimum proline (18.27 mg.g?1 dry biomass) was observed by 40% irrigation with mycorrhiza inoculation, without applying silicon. Maximum values of histidine (23.19 mg.g?1 dry biomass) and lysine (36.29 mg.g?1 dry biomass) were observed by application of 80% field capacity water irrigation with silicon solution and fungi inoculation. Minimum histidine and valine were in the treatment of 100% field capacity irrigation without silicon and inoculation (3.15 and 6.64 mg.g?1 dry biomass, respectively). As minimum amino acids were almost observed in treatments that were not achieved silicon and mycorrhiza, so results of this study showed that silicon at 300 ppm and licorice root inoculation by C. etunicatum effectively can change amino acid profile and protein quality under drought stress. Comprehensive results were achieved with a detailed understanding of how drought stress can trigger plant responses via relevant mechanisms, therefore enabling the use of mineral nutrition, such as silicon, and biofertilizers, including mycorrhiza, in crop enhancements.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A novel twisted bud mutant from Ziziphus jujubaMill. ‘Dongzao’

    Luo Z.Liu Z.Wang L.Zhao X....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021The twisted growth of organs is a distinctive and attractive trait for woody plants. A bud mutant with twisted branches was discovered from ‘Dongzao’, the most popular and tasty table cultivar of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). This study explored the morphological and nutritional characteristics and SSR marker changes of the novel variant. Compared to its mother plant and an external control ‘Dongzao’, the variant had shorter fruit (oblate rather than round) and shorter bearing shoots with smaller internode length. Although the sugar/acid ratio increased in the variant fruit, the soluble sugar, titrated acid and ascorbic acid contents of the fruit were not significantly different between the variant and its mother. No differences in the DNA fingerprint were observed between the variant and its mother using 50 pairs of SSR primers. The novel twisted variant of ‘Dongzao’ could be a valuable germplasm for jujube breeding because it has high-quality fruit and good yield. It also has great potential for direct economic utilization and could be used as a desirable material for research on the mechanism of twisted growth.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier