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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Metabolic and bioactive comparative analyses reveal the mechanisms of color changes in Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz fruit

    Jiang Y.Wu Y.Yin H.Wang D....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021The variations of fruit/leaf color in plants have attracted extensive attention due to their specific biochemical compounds that are associated with beneficial effects such as enhanced antioxidant activity. In this study, the phytochemical profile and biological activities changes of Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz peels changing from green to purple were investigated. The results showed that A. trifoliata peels, especially the purple peel, are a rich source of bioactive compounds with functional properties. The purple color was represented by an increased color a* value that was correlated with higher antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Furthermore, the mechanism of color change in A. trifoliata fruit was elucidated using non-targeted plant metabolomics. We identified 364 metabolites and 41 pathways that were potentially responsible for the color transition from green to purple. The color transition was monitored using metabolomics and revealed decreased chlorophyll metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis that were coupled with increased flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as decreased levels of lipids, terpenoids, and steroid metabolites. This study provides fundamental insights for the isolation and identification of functional compounds of A. trifoliata fruit peels, and an in-depth study on the mechanism of the plant color changes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    StRAV1 negatively regulates anthocyanin accumulation in potato

    Zhang H.Zhao Y.Zhang Z.Guo D....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Previous studies on anthocyanin synthesis in potato mainly focus on the functions of anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes and members of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. In this study, a RAV transcription factor StRAV1 was cloned. Expression analysis showed that the transcription of StRAV1 in yellow/white potato genotypes was significantly higher than in pigmented types. A transient activation assay showed that StRAV1 could inhibit anthocyanin formation in tobacco leaves by decreasing the expression of genes encoding related enzymes. Overexpression of StRAV1 in potato, led to significantly lower anthocyanin accumulation than in control tubers. The StCHS, StANS and St3’5’H promoters were significantly inhibited by StRAV1. These results suggest that the StRAV1 gene negatively regulates anthocyanin synthesis in potato tubers by directly inhibiting the transcription of StCHS, StANS and StF3’5’H. This is the first report on the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in potato by a RAV gene, thus contributing to a more detailed understanding of this process.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Systematical characterization of VvCP gene in Vitis vinifera, and potential functions of VvCPs in the biosynthesis of Scripusin A

    Huang L.Xu Z.Zhao M.Li Y....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Cationic peroxidase is a crucial enzyme in plant defense systems and antioxidant activity. The Vitis vinifera Cationic peroxidase (VvCP) gene family, however, has yet to be fully characterized. We carefully evaluated many VvCP genes, including identification, phylogenetic analysis and categorization, and qRT-PCR analysis of VvCP expression to uncover the function of the VvCP family genes. The bioinformatics findings revealed that the nine VvCPs found in the wine grape genome could be grouped into four groupings based on gene structure, conserved motifs, chromosomal position, and cis-elements. Under UV-B stress, the expression levels and patterns differ, according to an RT-qPCR experiment (different times and parts). VvCPs was discovered to be the primary gene in the Scirpusin A biosynthesis pathway in a prior transcriptome investigation. Subsequent the UHPLC-QTOF-MS2 data confirmed that the VvCP11 gene catalyzed the synthesis of ε-viniferins to Scirpusin A. The findings will aid future research into the function and regulatory mechanism of the cationic peroxidase gene in wine grapes, as well as contribute to the development of novel Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) types.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Far-red light interacts with wind-induced stress in cucumber seedlings

    Shibuya T.Endo R.Kitaya Y.Shinto Y....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Strong wind inhibits plant growth by creating mechanical stress and increasing water loss by increased transpiration. In the present study, we focused on far-red (FR) light as a factor that interacts with the effects of strong wind. We investigated the effect of wind speed (0.5 or 6.5 m s–1) on growth, photosynthate allocation, and stomatal conductance (gs) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings under illumination with FR light (FR+) or without it (FR–). Interactions between wind speed and FR light influenced plant growth; strong wind decreased plant growth under FR+, but not under FR–. The growth decrease caused by strong wind resulted from decreases in the net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio (LAR). The decreased LAR caused by strong wind was probably caused by decreased photosynthate allocation to the leaves as a result of the increased photosynthate allocation to the stem to resist the wind-created mechanical stress. The strong wind did not influence the photosynthate allocation under FR–, probably because the mechanical stress caused by the strong wind was smaller when stem elongation was decreased by FR–. The decrease in gs due to strong wind was smaller under FR– than under FR+. This may be a result of increased tolerance to water stress, which is associated with the increased proportion of active phytochrome under FR–, and may explain why the decrease in NAR due to the strong wind was smaller under FR–.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Change of soluble sugars, free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds in postharvest cantaloupe fruit response to cutting procedure and storage

    Zhou D.Wu C.Li T.Zhang Q....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.In order to investigate the effects of cutting procedure and storage on the changes of sugars and volatiles in postharvest cantaloupe and explore the interactions among sugars, free and bound volatile compounds, two comparative groups were designed in this study (whole fruit stored at 4 °C at 0 d vs fresh-cut cantaloupe stored at 4 °C at 0 d; fresh-cut cantaloupe stored under 4 °C for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 d). Changes of sugars, free and bound volatiles, β-glucosidase in whole and fresh-cut cantaloupe were determined. Results showed that most aldehydes, alcohols, esters and ketones in free form exhibited significant enhancements at the early storage period, while most bound volatiles decreased along with the storage. Cutting promoted the decrease of benzaldehyde, nonanal, decanal, 1-octen-3-ol, β-ionone and 3-octanone in bound form, but promoted the emissions of these components in free form correspondingly, which was consistent with the β-glucosidase activity in cantaloupe after cutting process. Bedsides, the in vitro test results indicated that sugars play key roles in the synthesis of bound volatiles in cantaloupe.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biology, epidemiology, and management of diseases of peach driving the spray program in the southeastern United States

    Schnabel D.G.Brannen D.P.M.
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Due to weather conditions during the growing season that are often conducive for infection, peach crop disease management is an important aspect for the production of high-quality fruit in the southeastern United States. Fungicide and bactericide applications and resistance management strategies are important components of the integrated approach applied to manage fungal and bacterial diseases. A strategic approach to fungal disease and fungicide resistance management was developed and has been highly successful for southeastern U.S. growers – resulting in generally very little peach scab and preharvest or postharvest brown rot incidence over the past two decades. The chemical approach focuses on strategic use of multi-site and single-site fungicides with minimal risk of resistance development in the pathogens. However, management of bacterial spot remains challenging due to high disease pressure, lack of effective bactericides and effective non-chemical IPM tools, emergence of copper-tolerant strains, and lack of resistant cultivars that would meet consumer demand.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Application of silicon nanoparticles enhances oxidative stress tolerance in salt stressed ‘Valencia’ sweet orange plants

    Mahmoud L.M.Vincent C.I.Grosser J.W.Dutt M....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Silicon (Si) can have several beneficial effects when exogenously applied to plants, including increased tolerance against several abiotic and biotic stressors. The current study investigated the role of nanosized, monodisperse silicon particles in alleviating the harmful impact of excess sodium chloride (NaCl) on ‘Valencia’ sweet orange. One-year-old ‘Valencia’ (Citrus x sinensis L. Osbeck) plants budded onto Kuharske (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) rootstock were irrigated with 0, 60 or 120 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for six months. We observed an incremental reduction in plant growth with increased NaCl application. Severe foliar drop and damage were observed following 60 and 120 mM NaCl application. Silicon nanoparticles applied by direct foliar application at four concentrations (0, 200, 400 and 600 mM) to these stressed plants reduced the damage in the greenhouse. Additionally, SiO2-NP application improved root growth, increased chlorophyll content, and alleviated the osmotic effect on all NaCl-treated plants compared to the control stressed plants. Furthermore, expression of Na+ cotransporter (CsSOS1, CsSOS2, CsSOS3 and CsNHX1) and aquaporin (CsPIP1;1, CsPIP2;3, and CsTIP4;1) transcripts was enhanced in the root tissues following SiO2-NP application. These results support the positive effect of exogenous Si application at 400 mM on salt-stressed citrus plants by improving photosynthesis, water status and regulating ion content. Consequently, SiO2-NPs can be applied as part of an integrated management program to improve overall citrus plant health, especially under stressful saline conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Overexpression of watermelon ClWRKY20 in transgenic Arabidopsis improves salt and low-temperature tolerance

    Zhu L.Li S.Ouyang M.Yang L....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021The WRKY transcription factor plays an important regulatory role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stressors. In this study, ClWRKY20, whose expression was strongly induced by chilling in watermelon, was isolated and characterized. ClWRKY20 belongs to group III of the WRKY family. The subcellular localization analysis found that ClWRKY20 was localized only in the nucleus. Expression characteristic analysis found that it was upregulated in response to drought, salt, and exogenous phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA). The overexpression of ClWRKY20 enhanced the salt and low-temperature tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis determined through apparent symptoms and physiological analyses of the root growth, the lethal rate, the relative electrical leakage, MDA and proline contents, the seed germination rate, and the Fv/Fm value. Furthermore, the ClWRKY20 overexpression lines showed increased sensitivity to ABA during seed germination, while did not at the seedling stage. The RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that several stress-related genes induced by chilling stress in wild-type plants were also upregulated by the overexpression of ClWRKY20 in transgenic plants, relative to their expressions in the WT Arabidopsis. Additionally, transcript levels of several genes involved in the ABA signaling pathway, in the ethylene biosynthetic and ethylene signaling pathway, in the jasmonic acid biosynthesis and jasmonate signaling, or related to auxin transport and auxin-responsive, were significantly increased in the transgenic Arabidopsis compared with that in the WT plants. Taken together, ClWRKY20 positively modulated plant tolerance to salt and low temperature stresses, and the enhanced chilling tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis was accompanied by the increased expressions of stress-related genes. Moreover, ClWRKY20 not only modulated chilling responses through ABA signaling, but also might function as an integrator among several signaling pathways.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assessment of leaf photosynthetic performances and bioaccumulation of trace metals by lettuce leaves and strawberry fruits amended with sewage sludge: Which possible re-use in agriculture?

    Ceccanti C.Lauria G.Lo Piccolo E.Guidi L....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Sewage sludge (SS) is the by-product of wastewater treatment. SS can be used to improve soil fertility thanks to its nitrogen and phosphorus contents. However, crop plants grown on SS amended soils could represent a risk for human health due to the possible high content of trace metals provided by SS. Thus, the present work aimed to investigate the possible effects of SS amendment (used at 10 and 20% of the weight of soil) on the leaf photosynthesis of two different pot-grown crop species: Lactuca sativa as a leafy vegetable and Fragaria x ananassa as a fruit species. Moreover, an assessment of the potential trace metal bioaccumulation in lettuce leaves and strawberry fruits was also performed. The results showed that SS amendments increased Pn and gs values in leaves of both species thanks to the nutrients provided by SS supplementation, also resulting in a higher leaf biomass of lettuce SS-plants compared to relative controls. SS added at 10% to lettuce plants turned out to be the best compromise between plant growth and sensitivity to trace metals contained in SS. Lettuce leaves accumulated higher amount of Cu, Zn and Hg, while strawberry fruits accumulated more Zn and Hg than relative controls. However, the reported values of trace metals were lower than the Reg. CE 1881/2006 and FAO/WHO threshold values, except for the Cu content in lettuce leaves treated with SS-20%. The results highlighted that for lettuce and strawberry plants, SS amendment could be a good agronomic practice to increase plant growth and productivity in potted plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Reducing peat in substrate mixture formulations for press pots using the Taguchi method

    Tietjen S.Graubner I.Sradnick A.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The need to substitute peat in growing media has become an urgent issue. Approximately one-third of European horticultural peat consumption occurs in vegetable production, where seedlings are cultivated in press pots. More research is needed to detect suitable, high-quality peat substitutes that provide the needed nutrient content, malleability and form stability. Mixtures of several raw materials can balance and mitigate negative effects in peat-reduced substrates; however, optimizing those mixtures may require considerable analytical effort. The Taguchi experimental design allows for a reduction of experimental trials as well as a minimization of variance. It therefore can be considered a time- and cost-saving alternative to classic experimental designs for identifying optimal mixtures. For this study, nine peat-reduced substrates (orthogonal array: L9, 34) were created, with different proportions of green compost, bark compost, sawdust and rice husks constituting 50% of these mixtures. Several biochemical, physico-chemical and physical properties were tested to assess the substrate qualities. Green compost affected the salt content, stability and bulk density of the substrates, whereas bark compost influenced nitrogen dynamics and substrate pH-values. With respect to their smaller overall proportions (0–20%), the added fibrous materials positively influenced the density and stability of the press pots. Even though N was immobilized in the peat-reduced substrates, low salinity and pH-values as well as improved stability make them promising for the creation of high-quality press pot substrate mixtures containing less than 50% peat. The “robust” Taguchi design might be a useful tool to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of up to four components with a low sample size effort.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier