首页期刊导航|Scientia horticulturae
期刊信息/Journal information
Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
正式出版
收录年代

    Sucrose-induced bud outgrowth in Chrysanthemum morifolium involves changes of auxin transport and gene expression

    Liu W.Peng B.Song A.Zhang Y....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In plants, auxin and sucrose are the major factors controlling bud outgrowth. Here, we established an effective culturing system using two-node stems to study sucrose-induced bud outgrowth in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Treatment of plant segments with 20 mM sucrose in the dark promoted the growth of the upper bud. No growth was observed for the bottom bud in the 20 mM sucrose treatment nor in the upper and bottom buds in the 0 mM sucrose treatment. Transcriptomics and real-time PCR analysis revealed that sucrose induced the expression of auxin transport carrier genes (CmPIN1 and CmAUX1) and inhibitory auxin signaling genes (CmIAA3, CmIAA14, and CmIAA16) and down-regulated the expression of the auxin response factor gene CmARF2 in the upper bud. Endogenous auxin levels of the upper buds were significantly reduced, suggesting that auxin transport was enhanced under sucrose treatment. Furthermore, the radioactivity assay of 14C-labeled sucrose demonstrated that sucrose was indeed transported to the growing upper bud. The administration of TIBA (auxin transport inhibitor) or IAA together with 20 mM sucrose weakened the promoting effect of sucrose on the outgrowth of the upper bud. Auxin-related gene expression analysis and auxin content measurements revealed that the expression of CmPIN1 and CmAUX1 was down-regulated, the auxin content increased, and the expression of CmIAA3, CmIAA14, CmIAA16, and CmARF2 was altered in the upper bud in the TIBA and IAA treatment. In conclusion, sucrose promoted bud outgrowth, possibly through an auxin pathway-dependent mechanism.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    SlCHYR1, a RING and CHY zinc finger domain-containing protein, promotes tomato fruit ripening by reprograming abscisic acid and ethylene signaling

    Cheng F.Huang J.Tang P.Li Y....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022During storage, transportation and sales, the deterioration of the tomato ripening fruit mainly caused by mechanical damage and microbial infection results in great economic losses. There is growing interest in fruit ripening studies and postharvest quality improvement to further enhance its already high economic value. Fruit ripening are coordinated by a complex network of endogenous and exogenous factors, including the phytohormone ethylene and abscisic acid, transcription factors, non-coding RNA, epigenetic modification, and environmental factors. However, the studies on RING-finger proteins involved in fruit development and ripening have not been reported. In this study, SlCHYR1, encoding a RING and CHY zinc finger domain-containing protein, which shows high expression levels in fruit was isolated and studied in tomato. Overexpression of SlCHYR1 with a fruit-specific promoter originating from pineapple leads to accelerated fruit ripening, reduced shelf life and repressed chlorophyll accumulation in tomato fruit. Further investigation indicate that SlCHYR1 promotes tomato fruit ripening through abscisic acid and ethylene production and signaling. This work provides novel insights into the regulation of fruit development and ripening by ZFPs (Zinc finger proteins), and would contribute to the improvement of quality and shelf life of tomato.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phenotyping in flower and main fruit traits of Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don]

    Lin Y.-X.Zhang Y.-T.Li M.-Y.Tang H.-R....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The Author(s)Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don], native to China, is an economically important tetraploid fruiting cherry species. In order to perfect the cherry germplasm descriptors system, and effectively rate on characters in DUS (distinctness, uniformity, stability) testing, we comprehensively investigated and analyzed 38 Chinese cherry phenotypes, including phenological records, flower, pit and main fruit quality traits, of 59 germplasm collections and 950 individuals from four cross F1 populations. An index system for Chinese cherry DUS test was firstly established by statistically phenotyping 26 traits. The results showed that the fruit development period ranged from 43 to 69 days, which could be well applied to evaluate the maturity time and were divided into five ratings. Thirteen qualitative characters, including two in flower, five in fruit, and six in pit, were classified into two to six ratings, respectively. Significant variations were detected among these characters, with Shannon-Wiener indexes ranging from 0.37 to 1.49. The average coefficient of variation was 20.94% ranging from 5.48 to 76.56% among 22 quantitative traits. The fruit weight, size, firmness, pit weight, titratable acid and soluble solid mainly contributed to the phenotypic variations by principal component analysis. Eight fruit and pit characters, which were in accordance with the normal distribution, were rating by the least significant difference method, while four fruit characters, being out of the normal distribution, were rating by the range method. The establishment of phenotyping protocol will enrich cherry descriptors system and DUS test guideline, and provide important basis for marker-assisted breeding in Chinese cherry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Development of a uniform phenology scale (BBCH) in hazelnuts

    Taghavi T.Rahemi A.Suarez E.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Several methods are used to monitor phenological events in crop plants, and the BBCH scale ("Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie") is a widely used one. However, a BBCH scale does not exist for hazelnut. In this manuscript, we used the BBCH monograph for mono- and dicotyledonous and woody plants to propose a BBCH scale for hazelnut. We list the standardized plant development stages and show the equivalent descriptors in the UPOV and Bioversity International (IPGRI) lists and the development stages published in France and Italy. The proposed monograph covers eight of the ten principal BBCH stages, starting with dormant buds (stage 0) and ending with harvested nuts (stage 9).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Pruning after budburst delays phenology and affects yield components, crop coefficient and total evapotranspiration in Vitis vinífera L. cv. ‘Malbec’ in Mendoza, Argentina

    Morgani M.B.Pena J.E.P.Fanzone M.Prieto J.A....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Late pruning is a field technique that has recently been proposed to mitigate the advance in phenology produced by global warming. However, contrasting effects have been observed depending on the cultivar and the date of pruning evaluated. In this work, our aim was to evaluate the effects of delayed pruning on phenology, vegetative growth, yield components, and crop evapotranspiration in cv. Malbec. During three seasons, winter pruning (WP) was compared to three late pruning treatments: plants pruned at budburst (BB), at 2-3 unfolded leaves (2-3 L) and at 8 unfolded leaves (8 L). Our results showed that late pruning treatments delayed phenology from budburst to veraison the three years of experiment, but harvest date could not be postponed. Plants pruned at 2-3 L and 8 L showed a decrease in vine yield of 17% and 60%, respectively while plants pruned at budburst showed the same yield than control vines. Late pruning treatments did not cause carry over effects on yield formation the following season. Finally, plants pruned at 2-3 L and 8 L reduced annual crop evapotranspiration by 5–10% mainly at the beginning of the cycle, compared to control and BB. Our study provides evidence that late pruning is effective to delay the first phenological stages but it is not as effective to delay the total soluble solids accumulation fixed for harvest, in our conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Botanical, genetic, phytochemical and pharmaceutical aspects of Annona cherimola Mill

    Perrone A.Yousefi S.Salami A.Papini A....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The cherimoya (Annona cherimola), also named chirimoya, is an edible fruit tree of the genus Annona belonging to the family Annonaceae. It is mostly present in tropical and subtropical world regions. This plant species has a long history of use in folk traditional medicine against degenerative and chronic diseases. Fruit and leaf tissues are used as beverages, infusions, fruit, marmalades, and other traditional processed foods. A great extent of different flavors, textures, and shapes are available in food products derived from this plant. Several research works have identified the phytochemicals and bioactive compounds that can be extracted from the plant organs, verifying their antioxidant, anti-degenerative disease, anti-cancer, anti-chronic diseases, and anti-microbial properties. Acetogenins, polyphenols, and terpenes are important components of A. cherimola Mill. Although they are widely present in different plant organs, different classes of compounds showed to accumulate more in seeds (polyphenols), leaves (terpenes), and both leaves and fruits (acetogenins) of chirimoya. In this comprehensive review, evidences have been provided about the healthy and beneficial activities of the plant, briefly explaining the results of previous research works in this regard. Information regarding phytochemistry, traditional uses, and biological activities of chirimoya is also provided here. We believe to have provided a unique resource that collects and discusses scientific evidences at the pharmaceutical and health level for providing the ground for the development of treatment formulations against serious and highly threatening diseases. The collected results will be helpful also as a basis for further investigations on single specific Annona compounds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Current situation, trends and challenges for efficient and sustainable peach production

    Iglesias I.Echeverria G.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In Spain, the total surface occupied by deciduous fruit species in 2019 was 190,414 ha. Peach is the second most important Prunus species with 77,464 ha and a production of 1,480,000 t per year. Labour is the main production cost, amounting to 45% of the total cost in 2020 and primarily involving pruning, thinning and harvesting. The common trend regarding agronomical orchard models, in deciduous fruit species, is planting intensification, combining mid to low vigour rootstocks and training systems based on small, bi-dimensional canopies. Size-controlling rootstocks such as Rootpac-40, Isthara or Adesoto-101, Among others, resulted in better yield efficiency and improved fruit quality compared with GF-677. In 7-year-old trees of ‘Luciana’ nectarine cultivar, the use of size-controlling rootstock Rootpac-40 and an intensive orchard trained in central leader allowed both earlier and higher yields, resulting in a difference of 102 tha?1 compared with the standard Spanish gobolet system on GF-677. With ‘Noracila’ and the same combinations, the difference was 109 tha?1. The central leader/single row and central leader/double row training systems, despite requiring a greater orchard establishment cost, gave earlier and higher yields in ‘Ambra’ and ‘Luciana’ cultivars grafted on G-677, around 48% for double row and 30% for single row, compared to the Spanish gobelet system. Planar canopies allowed an efficient use of mechanical and manual pruning and flower thinning, which improved harvest efficiency (kg.h?1) by 28%. As a result, a production cost reduction of around 15% was recorded in comparison to the Spanish gobelet system. Greater efficiency in total labour per season enabled a reduction of 39%, from 651 h.ha?1 for the Spanish gobelet system to 398 h.ha?1 for the central leader system. Additionally, an increase in fruit quality, particularly fruit size and SSC content, due to a more uniform light distribution was observed. In these planar intensive systems, including palmette, a reduction in light interception of 17% was recorded when compared to the open vase system. Yields obtained were more related to planting density and canopy architecture than the average of intercepted light. Currently, the central leader and bi-axis are the most important systems used in intensive orchards in Spain, with planting densities from 1,900 to 3,100 trees.ha?1. All these results support the sustainable intensification concept and make peach tree production more economically sustainable for growers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comprehensive evaluation of waterlogging tolerance of eleven Canna cultivars at flowering stage

    Zhao T.Pan X.Li Q.Zhang W....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To identify and screen the waterlogging-tolerant cultivars of Canna spp. and establish a comprehensive, mathematical evaluation model of Canna plants, morphological characteristics and physiological indices were recorded and measured using the leaves of 11 cultivars. Their waterlogging tolerance was overall evaluated by calculating the waterlogging injury index (WII) and waterlogging tolerance coefficient (WTC) based on the morphological traits and physiological indices. Results revealed that after waterlogging stress, adventitious roots appeared in all cultivars, whose length and number increased as the stress persisted. Among the tested species, there were more adventitious roots observed in C. edulis Ker, C. waracewiezii Dietr. and C. orchioides Bailey., while C. indica L., C. flaccida Salisb., and C. generalis Bailey. had few adventitious roots. Additionally, the edges of the lower leaves of C. edulis Ker. cv. ‘PLRF’, ‘Xingyu-1′, ‘Xingyu-2′ and C. orchioides Bailey. cv. ‘Sajin’ yellowed the most and experienced the worst scorch. Damage was less obvious on C. generalis Bailey. cv. ‘Mohong’ leaves after waterlogging stress for 21 d Furthermore, ‘Mohong’ was determined to be the most waterlogging tolerant cultivar and had the lowest WII value (0.400), while the ‘PLRF’ had the highest (0.840) and clustered into the waterlogging-sensitive group. Four physiological indices, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), soluble sugar (SS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) increased (WTC > 1) after waterlogging, while soluble protein (SP) decreased (WTC < 1) in all cultivars. Changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) differed among cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) transformed the 7 physiological indices into 4 independent, comprehensive indices, whose cumulative contribution ratio reached 96.062%. The 11 cultivars were divided into 4 categories based on the comprehensive evaluation value (D). ‘Mohong’, in the waterlogging-tolerant group had the highest D value (0.912). C. waracewiezii Dietr. cv. ‘Ziye Xiaojuhong’, C. generalis Bailey. cv. ‘Grand Due’, C. orchioides Bailey. cv. ‘Suihua Chenghong’ and C. indica L. belonged to the intermediate waterlogging-tolerant group with D values of 0.652, 0.616, 0.590 and 0.533, respectively. C. orchioides Bailey. cv. ‘Lüyecheng’, C. flaccida Salisb. cv. ‘Yellow Canna’, ‘Xingyu-1′ and ‘Xingyu-2′ were clustered into the low waterlogging-tolerant group with the D values of 0.458, 0.455, 0.421 and 0.368, respectively. Lastly, ‘Sajin’ and ‘PLRF’ clustered into the sensitive waterlogging tolerant group with the lowest D value of 0.201 and 0.170, respectively. The stepwise regression analysis showed that CAT, POD, SOD, APX, SS and MDA, can be used to evaluate and predict the waterlogging tolerance of different Canna lily cultivars.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Application of melatonin in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) alleviated chilling injury during cold storage

    Jiao J.Jin M.Liu H.Zhu Q....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Functions of melatonin in fruit storage were studied, primarily focused on stress tolerance and delaying senescence. However, little is known about the role of melatonin in chilling injury on kiwifruit. The present study examined the roles of exogenous melatonin in coping with low temperature during storage of kiwifruit. Our results showed that melatonin application eased water-soaked and lignification symptoms in postharvest kiwifruit under low-temperature storage. Observation of the ultrastructure found that the plasma membrane and organelles maintained structural integrity accompanied with a thinner lignin layer in the cytoderm and cytoplasm with melatonin treatment. Melatonin treatment strongly inhibited the activity of lignin metabolism enzymes (PAL, 4CL and C4H) and the expression of structural genes while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) and antioxidant substance (AsA and GSH) accumulation. These results suggest that melatonin actively participates in cold resistance and lignin accumulation via enzyme activity regulation in postharvest kiwifruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Underutilized citrus species: An insight of their nutraceutical potential and importance for the development of functional food

    Kumar V.Kaur R.Aggarwal P.Singh G....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The nutritional and medicinal value of citrus fruits is well known mainly attributed to their desirable phytochemical profile. However, some citrus species are only utilized by the local folks and unknown to the other parts thus remaining underutilized. These species are abundant in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidants, carotenoids, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. The various in vitro and in vivo studies confirm their potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-atherosclerosis and regulating of the glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides level in the body. This review explores a new approach to the underutilized citrus species with an emphasis on its bioactive and medicinal properties. Various attempts also have been made on the utilization of different parts of these citrus species in the food industry. The findings thus far indicate that the underutilized citrus species could be developed as a promising nutraceutical ingredient for the application in the food and pharmaceutical industry, but further studies on large scale or commercially processing of these species (particularly on bioactive compounds retention of different parts and determination of health potential as clinical trials) are recommended.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier