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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Physiological response of mango transplants to phytohormones under salinity stress

    Muhammed M.A.A.Mohamed A.K.S.H.Qayyum M.F.Haider G....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Salinity is an emerging and highly complex phenomenon affecting plant production and global food security. Here we demonstrated the effects of phytohormones (naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indol-3-Acetic acid (IAA), and salicylic acid (SA) application and grafting of two mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars onto a relatively salt-resistant Sukkary rootstock, under saline groundwater irrigation conditions. The experiment was carried out by exposing 1.5-years old mango cultivars (cv., Keitt and Naomi) to increasing (100, 200, and 300 mg L?1) doses of NAA and IAA, and a single dose of SA (200 mg L?1) at three growth stages (i) first week after transplantation, (ii) and (iii) at 30-days interval. Results showed that the exogenous application of IAA at 300 mg L? 1 while NAA and SA application at 200 mg L?1 resulted in the highest leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) and lowest leaf sodium (Na) content in both cultivars. The cv. Keitt showed the highest carbohydrate and protein contents, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activity by applying 300 mg L?1 IAA, 200 mg L?1 NAA, and SA. While the cv. Naomi showed the greater carbohydrate and protein contents, CAT, POD enzymes, and plant pigments by applying NAA at 200 mg L?1. Together, our results suggest that foliar application of phytohormones can potentially alleviate salinity stress in grafted mango cultivars under saline irrigation conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptome analysis reveals the involvement of nitrate transporters in regulating strawberry fruit development

    Hao F.Wu M.Wu S.Ge X....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Adequate nitrate availability throughout the strawberry life cycle improves fruit quality and productivity. However, the gene expression and metabolism patterns during nitrate-triggered developmental processes in fruits remain unknown. This transcriptome study reports the involvement of nitrate transporters and their correlated transcription factors (TFs) in the coordinate regulation of strawberry fruit development after nitrate treatment. Nitrate supply promoted plant growth and slightly delayed fruit ripening compared with the control. Nitrate also increased the contents of nitrogen, nitrogen-related metabolites, glucose, fructose, and sorbitol, but decreased the contents of several acid-related metabolites. Moreover, nitrate activated carbon and nitrogen metabolism at 25, 30, and 35 days post-anthesis (DPA). Nitrate treatment induced 10,206 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which enriched carbon and nitrogen metabolism, amino acid, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, terpenoid, carotenoid biosynthesis, and other metabolic pathways at 35 DPA. The DEGs also enriched GO terms for nitrate, nitrogen compound, and peptide transporter activities. Nitrate treatment significantly regulated 79 out of 164 nitrate transporter genes (FaNRTs) at 25, 30, and 35 DPA. Correlation analysis showed that strawberry adaptation to nitrate availability during fruit development involves dynamic multi-combinations between FaNRT and different TF families. qRT-PCR analysis showed that FaNPF6.3, FaNPF4.6, and FaNPF7.2 are potential nitrate signaling molecules and transporters for root nitrate uptake or removing nitrate from xylem vessels. Nitrate treatment induced FaNPF6.3, FaNPF4.6, and FaNPF7.2 expression while their correlated TFs (FaSPL8, FaNAC77-like, FaMYB1R1, and FaMYB44-like) transcription levels were down-regulated at 25 DPA. These results indicate that the spatio-temporal expression of nitrate transporters correlated with the increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to enhance metabolism. The results provide a fertilizer and water management strategy for improving quality and productivity in the strawberry industry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Tolerance of Pyrus spp. and Cydonia oblonga as pear rootstocks to iron chlorosis determined by in vitro growth, antioxidant and molecular responses

    Sahin O.Dumanoglu H.Sarikamis G.Javadisaber J....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Determination of Fe-efficient rootstock genotypes is important for the success of pear cultivation in calcareous soils. Otherwise, the use of iron-containing fertilizers against Fe-chlorosis for a long time may cause significant environmental hazards. In the present study, the morphological, antioxidant and molecular responses of Pyrus elaeagrifolia (AH-0 and AH-1 wild pear clones), P. communis (OHxF 333) and Cydonia oblonga (QA) as pear rootstocks to iron deficiency were determined in vitro micro shoots. Iron deficiency was created by reducing the amount of ferric-sodium EDTA added as 0.1 mM at full strength in modified Murashige and Skoog's basal medium to 0.03 mM or 0.0 mM. After six weeks in cultures, shoot proliferation percentage, shoot number per explant, shoot length, dry and fresh weight, proline content, H2O2, total chlorophyll and Fe content, CAT (EC 1.11.1.6), SOD (EC 1.15.1.1) and APX (EC 1.11.1.11) activities were determined. The expression of the dehydrin gene DQ660905 originated from Malus domestica associated with stress response was evaluated in Fe-deficient micro shoots at 1, 2, 4, 8 days after stress. According to the findings, the percentage of decrease in the number of shoots and length of wild pear clones were lower than those of OHxF 333 and QA under Fe deficiency. Fresh and dry weights of all genotypes were increased in media containing ferric-sodium EDTA. Under Fe deficiency conditions, total chlorophyll of micro shoots was reduced in all genotypes. However, the decrease was not statistically significant only in the AH-0 wild pear clone. Also, prolin remained statistically the same in this clone with the decrease of ferric-sodium EDTA level in the medium, but increased significantly in other genotypes. APX and SOD activities of AH-1 clone were higher than other genotypes in deficient conditions. Differential expression of the dehydrin gene DQ660905 revealed that the highest increase was determined in QA, AH-1 at day 1, and in AH-0 at day 4. The overall expression of OHxF 333 was lower than the other genotypes. In conclusion, according to the findings of the study, tolerance of wild pear clones to Fe deficiency was higher than OHxF 333 and QA rootstocks.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Supplemental foliar applied mixture of amino acids and seaweed extract improved vegetative growth, yield and quality of citrus fruit

    Khan A.S.Munir M.Tassawar T.Rafiq M.A....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Poor tree nutrient management significantly reduce productivity and quality of citrus fruit. Hence in three separate experiments, exogenous supplemental application of 0.5 mL L?1 ‘Primo’ (Ascophylum nodosum seaweed extract + amino acid and) + 0.01% ‘Tween 20′) was sprayed on citrus cvs. ‘Kinnow’, ‘Feutrell's Early’ mandarins and ‘Blood Red’ orange trees. Trees were sprayed at full bloom (T2), fruit setting (T3), full bloom + fruit setting (T4), or full bloom + fruit setting + premature (T5) stages at a same concentration. Unsprayed trees of each cvs. were kept as control (T1). In contrast to untreated control trees, the application of 0.05% Primo at full bloom + fruit setting stage caused significant increase in leaf N (28%), K (36%), Mn (24.4%), Zn (15.8%), tree height (28.5%), fruit weight tree?1 (42.6%), fruits tree?1 (28.6%), marketable fruit (9%), fruit size (11.5%), SSC (16%), SSC:TA ratio (26.8%), reducing sugars (37.5%), ascorbic acid (21.8%) and total phenolic contents (42%) in ‘Kinnow’ mandarins. Likewise, sprayed trees of ‘Feutrell's Early’ in T4 exhibits higher leaf N (27%), Fe (11.9%), Zn (26.4%), fruit weight tree?1 (28.5%), fruits tree?1 (40%), marketable fruit (12.7%), fruit size (15.9%), juice weight percentage (17.6%), taste (23%), SSC (15.7%) and total sugars (42%). Whereas, in case of ‘Blood Red’ oranges, same treatment (T4) resulted in highest level of leaf N (50%), Fe (15%), tree height (37%), leaf size (38.8%), fruit weight tree?1 (42%), number of fruits tree?1 (45%), marketable fruit (8%), juice weight percentage (15.6%), SSC (19%), SSC:TA ratio (43.8%), reducing sugars (45%) and total phenolic contents (28%) than control. In addition, reduction in fruit drop, peel thickness and TA were also observed in treated trees of all cvs. as compared to untreated control. In conclusion, supplemental application of 0.5 mL L?1 ‘Primo’ at full bloom + fruit setting stages improved vegetative growth, productivity and quality of ‘Kinnow’, ‘Feutrell's Early’ and ‘Blood Red’ fruits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Temperature is an important driver for cold acclimation in garden roses

    Ouyang L.Van Labeke M.-C.Leus L.De Keyser E....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Low non-freezing temperatures and short days are two main environmental factors that can independently or collectively initiate cold acclimation in temperate perennials. Freezing temperatures are required for the full development of mid-winter cold hardiness. In the present study, six rose genotypes with different cold hardiness levels were selected to investigate cold acclimation under both long and short photoperiods to reveal the role of temperature and day length on cold acclimation of roses. A five-week short-day treatment at 20/18 °C did not induce cold acclimation in any of the genotypes. Cold hardiness levels (LT50 values) increased significantly at low non-freezing temperatures (2 °C) and freezing temperatures (-5 °C) irrespective of the photoperiod for all genotypes. The more cold-hardy ‘Dagmar Hastrup’ and ‘John Cabot’ responded strongly, achieving lower LT50 values under low non-freezing temperatures. Low non-freezing temperatures/freezing temperatures but not short days promoted the degradation of starch and the accumulation in sucrose, hexoses, and raffinose. Short days alone induced RhDHN5 in ‘Yesterday’, ‘Abraham Darby’, and Rosa wichurana. However, the expression of RhDHN5 was up-regulated significantly by low non-freezing temperatures in all genotypes. The up-regulation of RhBAM3 by lowering the temperature (low non-freezing temperatures and/or freezing temperatures) is genotype-independent. Freezing temperatures had a prominent role in accelerating the expression of RhGolS2 in all genotypes. The up-regulation of RhRS2 and RhRS6 is mainly induced by low non-freezing temperatures and freezing temperatures, respectively, but transcript levels for both were less pronounced than those for RhGolS2. Stem dehydration during cold acclimation was only found for ‘Chandos Beauty’ under long days and R. wichurana under short day length. R. wichurana was insufficiently acclimated to withstand freezing temperatures under short day length. This study clearly shows that the main factors triggering cold acclimation in roses in 5 rose genotypes are low non-freezing temperatures or freezing temperatures, but a synergistic effect of short photoperiod and low non-freezing temperatures was found for R. wichurana.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Heterotic prediction of hybrid performance based on genome-wide SNP markers and the phenotype of parental inbred lines in heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

    Yue L.Zhang S.Zhang L.Liu Y....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis) is the most widely consumed leafy vegetable in Asia. Most commercial cultivars are F1 hybrids with high yield and good quality. To increase the breeding efficiency, heterotic prediction of hybrid performance was studied. Fourteen parental lines of Chinese cabbage were studied in a half-diallel cross to produce 91 hybrids. The average mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for 14 agronomic traits ranged from ?5.07% to 106.76%, while the average high-parent heterosis (HPH) ranged from ?109.90% to 80.56%. Significant HPH was observed in the growth period (?109.90%), biomass (80.56%), and plant weight (15.20%), which exhibited comprehensive advantages in breeding. Two methods were used to calculate the genetic distance (GD) between the parents based on 2,444,676 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): total SNPs (GDtotal) and homozygous differential SNPs (GDhomo). Parental clustering based on total SNPs divided the parents into three major types, namely “flat-topped”, “ovate”, and “cylindrical”. These types were more suitable for their traditional pedigree relationships. The correlation between the GD, mean parental phenotype, and heterosis indicated that the phenotype of the parental inbred lines may be useful for predicting heterosis because it is rapid and simple, whereas GD calculated using SNP markers led to a moderate improvement in heterotic prediction. GDhomo was a better predictor of heterosis and F1 performance than GDtotal. These results confirmed that whole-genome SNP markers are an effective tool for evaluating GD in Chinese cabbage and are useful for parent selection in breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Macronutrients content of radishes and the influence of biofortification with selenium

    Cipriano P.E.da Silva R.F.Faquin V.de Souza Silva M.L....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The supply of foods enriched with selenium (Se) is an effective way to improve human Se intake, especially in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Raphanus sativus L. as an agricultural crop suitable for Se biofortification and to investigate the influence of different Se doses and sources regarding macronutrients accumulation and absorption. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with a completely randomized design in 2 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme: two Se sources (sodium selenate - Na2SeO4 and sodium selenite - Na2SeO3·5H2O) were applied at three Se doses (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mg dm?3) via soil and control without Se application, with three replications. The selenate application interfered with the sulfur absorption. However, it contributed to the increase of K contents at higher Se doses. Radish can be biofortified with Se once this element presents adequate levels. The use of selenate in lower doses (0.6 mg dm?3) is preferable to provide an adequate Se level intake and did not reduce radish production, even at the highest doses.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots of ‘Duli’ (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge)

    Xiao Y.Zhang S.Liu Y.Chen Y....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation assays generate transgenic pear at low efficiencies. For pear gene-function verification and molecular breeding, a fast and effective transformation method is still required. In this study, transgenic ‘Duli’ (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) plants marked with EGFP were obtained from cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems. The most efficient bud regeneration occurred on MS medium containing 4 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.05 mg/L indole-3-butytric acid (IBA) for cotyledons (83%), and on NN69 medium containing 2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.05 mg/L IBA for hypocotyls (63%). However, the transformation efficiencies for cotyledons and hypocotyls were 5% and 2%, respectively. In addition, the infiltration and vacuuming of Agrobacterium rhizogenes were used for root transformation with a transformation efficiency of 52%. Thus, efficient and repeatable transformation systems were established and in combination with the visual marker EGFP, formed a rapid, convenient and highly efficient method to obtain and identify transgenic pear. The results are significant for gene function verification in pear and for the future genetic improvement of pear.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A MdMa13 gene encoding tonoplast P3B-type ATPase regulates organic acid accumulation in apple

    Zheng L.Ma W.Deng J.Peng Y....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The organic acid content is one of the important factors that determine fruit quality. In this study, one gene encoding a P3B-ATPase (designated as MdMa13) was identified as a determinant of fruit acidity in apple. Subcellular localization indicated that MdMa13 was located in the tonoplast. Overexpression of MdMa13 in apple calli, tomato or apples led to increased malic acid contents. In the transgenic apple calli, the expression levels of seven acid-related genes were higher than that in the wild-type apple calli, including MdMa1, MdtDT, MdDTC1, MdDTC2, MdVHA-A3, MdVHA-D, and MdMa11. The expression level of MdMa10 was lower in transgenic lines than that in wild-type apple calli. Together, these findings implied that MdMa13 has important functions related to apple fruit acidity. The results of this study will strengthen the characterization for the complex molecular regulation of fruit acidity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptomic and metabolmic approaches to counter the effect of Botrytis cinerea in grape berry with the application of nitric oxide

    Pang Q.Lu S.Fu W.Jia H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The application of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) is convenient and safe approach to preserve fruits, though, the hidden genetic mechanism in treated grape berries is to be explored. In this study, the results depicted that the application of exogenous NO improved the shelf life of grape berries compared with the control group. The SNP treatment(400 μM) significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes activities including: POD, SOD and CAT. NO inhibited the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) in the grape berry. RNA-Seq data showed that NO upregulated 2,226 and downregulated 1,249 DEGs, and 300 metabolomes were identified including: NOT.vs.NOC_pos annotated 202 metabolites, NOT.vs.NOC_neg annotated 98 metabolites. The RNA-Seq data is coherent with the metabolome that STSs and CHSs expression levels were significantly increased against disease resistance and antioxidant-associated stilbene synthase pathway, and the associated metabolites content were also significantly increased. These changes led to an increase in the content of secondary metabolites such as resveratrol, which ultimately improved the shelf-life of the grapes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier