首页期刊导航|Scientia horticulturae
期刊信息/Journal information
Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
正式出版
收录年代

    A rapid and efficient transient expression system for gene function and subcellular localization studies in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) leaves

    Yan M.Hu J.Lin Q.Wang P....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Tea, the most consumed non-alcohol beverage in the world, has many specialized secondary metabolites, and functional identification of their related genes is very important for the improvement of tea quality. However, a transient transformation system, which is considered as a valuable tool for gene function and protein subcellular localization, has not been established in tea plants. Here, we report a rapid and efficient system for transient transformation of tea plant leaves using antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (asODN) for gene suppression and Agrobacterium for gene over-expression. Specifically, we established the transient transformation system by analyzing different varieties, injection solution concentrations, and sampling time post injection, followed by green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence signal and western blot analysis to confirm the reliability of the over-expression transient transformation system. Additionally, the suppression and over-expression effects of important genes relate to secondary metabolism were evaluated at gene expression and metabolic levels. Finally, a transcription factor was transiently over-expressed to determine its subcellular location by protoplasts successfully in the tea plant leaves. Our data indicate that this system is reliable and effective for studying gene function and protein localization in tea plant leaves, providing new insights into tea plant biology research.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Year, watering regime and foliar methyl jasmonate doped nanoparticles treatments: Effects on must nitrogen compounds in Monastrell grapes

    Perez-Alvarez E.P.Rubio-Breton P.Garde-Cerdan T.Intrigliolo D.S....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In viticulture, the application of elicitors to the grapevines is increasing although their effect on the amino acids content is little studied. In this work, nanoparticles of methyl jasmonate (Ap-MeJ) were applied for the first time to Monastrell grapevines during two seasons (2019 and 2020) to increase its profitability and nitrogen plant uptake and to reduce environmental impact (less quantity) and increase its economic viability. In addition, rainfed plants were compared with grapevines under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) watering regime, since global climatic conditions are limiting water use and quality. Results showed that season was the factor that most affected to the amino acids content (values of 12 from the 21 free amino acids determined were higher in 2019 and 4 in 2020), followed by the watering regime (higher amino acids content in musts from rainfed than in RDI water status). Foliar treatments had little impact on grape enological parameters, as well as on the amino acids concentration (only content of Pro was higher in control than in Ap-MeJ musts). This preliminary study could not confirm the elicitor effect of MeJ loaded on nanoparticles on must amino acid content and further research work should be performed in order to optimize dose of application.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Morphological, physiochemical, and transcriptome analysis and CaEXP4 identification during pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit cracking

    Liu Y.-L.Chen S.-Y.Liu G.-T.Jia X.-Y....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), fruit cracking is a common physical deformation that not only affects the fruit quality, but also increases the water loss rate during storage and reduces shelf-life and economic value. To comprehensively unravel the putative genes and mechanism underlying fruit cracking, the cracking-susceptible cultivar ‘L92’ was subjected to morphological, physiochemical and transcriptome analyses and an assay of postharvest water loss. The polygalacturonase, peroxidase, and cellulase activity levels and water-soluble pectin and lignin contents were significantly higher in FSC (fruit seriously cracking) fruits than in FNC (fruit without cracking) fruits. The hemicellulose and cellulose contents of FSC fruits were lower than those of FNC fruits; with non-significant differences in chelator trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N0,N0-tetraacetic acid-soluble pectin and sodium carbonate-soluble pectin levels. By comparing the FSC with the FNC fruits and analyzing differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles during the fruit cracking process, 1,574 DEGs were identified. Among them, 45 unigenes were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways related to cell wall metabolism and lignin biosynthesis. The silencing of CaEXP4 induced cells in the epidermal layer to be smaller and more neatly and tightly arranged, with a greater number of cell layers of the sub-epidermal layer compared with control fruit. Small structural modifications may lead to changes in cell wall structure and elasticity, which might have caused the fruit cracking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first morphological, histological, physiochemical, and transcriptome analysis to show the role of CaEXP4 during cracking of pepper fruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of p-coumarate esters resistant against postharvest Botrytis cinerea infection in apple fruit

    Liu P.Shen J.Wang Y.Fang Q....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Gray mold rot caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most common diseases resulted in considerable postharvest losses of fruits. The antifungal activity of esterified p-coumarates on Botrytis rot in apple fruit were investigated. Results showed that the mycelial growth and spore germination of B. cinerea were effectively inhibited by the application of methyl p-coumarate (MpCA) and ethyl p-coumarate (EpCA). Treatments with MpCA and EpCA resulted in a large leakage of intercellular electrolytes, soluble proteins and sugars, and ultrastructural distortion of the pathogen during growth, suggesting that p-coumarate esters may act via destroying the plasma membrane of the pathogen. In addition, treatments with MpCA and EpCA significantly inhibited the infection on apple fruit by B. cinerea. MpCA and EpCA up-regulated expression of genes encoding a pathogenesis-related protein (PR1), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD), enhanced activities of PAL and POD, and stimulated the accumulation of chlorogenic acid and catechin in the fruit. MpCA and EpCA thereby activated the disease-resistance system and the metabolism of polyphenols and flavonoids against the infection by B. cinerea. Collectively, two p-coumarate esters could not only exert their directly antifungal activity, but also induce the defense mechanism of host apple fruit. Application of MpCA and EpCA would provide a promising approach for the control of postharvest diseases of fruits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Thinning of cluster improves berry composition and sugar accumulation in Syrah grapes

    Wang W.Liang Y.Quan G.Wang X....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The sugars in grapes are crucial determinants of superior enological characteristics and product value. Recent research revealed that cluster thinning (CT) can increase sugar content and further modify the grape composition. This study examined the effects of cluster thinning at veraison on berry soluble sugar, organic acid, phenolic compound and sugar unloading-related gene expression of Syrah grapes. The effects of three CT levels on grape composition were investigated over two growing seasons. Two clusters per shoot remained (CT1) and one cluster per shoot remained (CT2) was compared with a control (CK, three clusters per shoot remained usually). Results showed that cluster thinning significantly improved the reducing sugar and soluble solids content of the CT2 group. Meanwhile, hexose (glucose and fructose), total anthocyanin and tannin contents in the CT group were significantly higher than in the control group at harvest for both vintages. In addition, under the CT treatments, the titratable acid and malic acid contents were decreased, but no effects on tartaric acid and citric acid contents were observed. At harvest, CT2 was the most significant treatment for increasing VvHTs (VvHT2-3, 5 and 6) expression, followed by CT1. Moreover, correlation analysis results show that VvSUC11, VvSUC12, VvcwINV, VvSS and VvHT5 were positively correlated with hexose and reducing sugars. Our results suggested that the remaining one cluster per shoot (CT2) may be useful for increasing the soluble sugar and improving grape composition in cool climate regions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    L-ascorbic acid metabolism in two contrasting hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) cultivars during fruit development

    Lin Y.Zhao B.Tang H.Cheng L....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) has recently been popular in the fresh market due to its edible skin, and higher level of nutrition especially ascorbic acid (AsA) over kiwifruit (A. deliciosa and A. chinensis). On the behalf of screening high AsA content material for further genetic improvements, to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of AsA metabolism, two hardy kiwifruit cultivars (‘Yilv’ and ‘Lvmi-1′) with contrasting AsA content were selected as materials for analysis. The ‘Yilv’ fruit contained 5 folds higher AsA content than ‘Lvmi-1′. AsA and total AsA (T-AsA) content showed a gradually decreasing in ‘Yilv’, while slightly increasing in ‘Lvmi-1′ during fruit development. However, the content of T-AsA increased with fruit weight in both cultivars. In accordance with AsA content, the expression of genes encoding GDP-L-galactose pyrophosphatase (GGP), L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase (GPP) and L-galactono-1,4-latone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), as well as the GalLDH activity were higher in ‘Yilv’ than that in ‘Lvmi-1′. During fruit development, no correlation between the biosynthetic genes expression and AsA pool was observed in each cultivar. In ‘Lvmi-1′ fruit, the expression of genes encoding ascorbate oxidase (AO), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), the activity of AO, GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) and GGP showed significantly correlations with AsA pool level. In ‘Yilv’ fruit, the expression of MDHAR, the activity of GMP, GGP, GPP, GDP mannose 3′5’-epimerase (GME), GalLDH, myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX), AO and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) displayed significant correlations with AsA pool. In conclusion, GalLDH was a key enzyme for hardy kiwifruit AsA biosynthesis, MDHAR was more efficient than DHAR in AsA regeneration in ‘Yilv’, AO and APX might be more efficient in AsA oxidation in ‘Lvmi-1′ and ‘Yilv’ respectively. This study explored the different AsA content and potential mechanism in two hardy kiwifruit cultivars, providing a reference for further genetic improvement and high AsA content material selection in cultivation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Piriformospora indica promotes the growth and enhances the root rot disease resistance of gerbera

    Cheng C.Zhang Y.Lu Z.Wu H....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Piriformospora indica, a root endophytic fungus with growth-promoting and resistance-enhancing effects on host plants, has been successfully applied as natural biofertilizer and biological control agent. In this study, the effects of P. indica on the growth and root rot disease resistance of gerbera plants were investigated. Results showed that P. indica significantly increased the transplanting survival rate of tissue cultured seedlings, and improved the aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, Fv/Fm and Y(II) values and chlorophyll content of P. indica colonized transplanted seedlings (PI). Although P. indica showed no obvious antagonistic effect on Phytophthora cryptogea, P. cryptogea inoculated PI seedlings (PP) showed much milder diseased symptoms compared with the P. cryptogea inoculated seedlings (PC). The P. indica colonization significantly increased the activities of SOD, CAT, POD and PAL, but greatly suppressed the MDA and H2O2 accumulations in gerbera root. The contents of some growth promoting phytohormones, such as IAA and GA, were induced by P. indica, while the ABA and JA contents was significantly inhibited. After P. cryptogea inoculation, the SOD, POD, CAT and PAL activities and IAA and GA contents decreased in PC but increased in PP. Besides, ABA and JA contents in PP were significantly lower than in PC. Our results indicated that P. indica improved the gerbera growth by increasing chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and growth-beneficial phytohormones’ accumulations. Moreover, it appeared to confer gerbera with root rot resistance through increasing POD, CAT and SOD activities, stimulating IAA and GA accumulations, and suppressing ABA and JA biosynthesis.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Towards the identification of wild African date palms in Kerkennah Islands from Tunisia by morphometric and genetic analyses

    Saffar W.Bourguiba H.Hachef A.Zehdi-Azouzi S....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Wild relatives constitute an invaluable resource for crop breeding and are key components to understand their domestication history. Date palm is one of the oldest fruit crops, cultivated for millennia for its nutritional value and major economic and symbolic role. Two strongly differentiated gene pools have been recognized as the Western gene pool in North Africa and the Eastern one in the Middle East. Although a wild population has been proposed in Oman for the Eastern genetic pool, no wild date palm from the Western one has been yet described. In Tunisia, the date palms of Kerkennah archipelago consisted of spontaneous uncultivated individuals that are promising candidates for putative wild date palms. Morphometric tools were applied to 1140 date palm seeds of 69 Kerkennah accessions and compared to previously defined reference morphotypes. The genetic diversity of Kerkennah accessions was also compared to date palm populations and three Phoenix species using 18 nuclear microsatellite and one chloroplastic minisatellite markers. Morphometric analyses of Kerkennah accessions revealed genotypes with round-shaped seeds, characteristic of wild Phoenix species. Genetic analyses showed that Kerkennah's date palm belonged to the Western gene pool and exhibited a larger diversity and allelic richness than the western cultivated ones, proving that they are more probably wild than ferals. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that the spontaneous date palms growing in the harsh environment of the Kerkennah archipelago are wild populations. This unique heritage long-time preserved from anthropogenic pressure, is likely to contain some of the ancestral genetic diversity that would be of great value for breeding and provides new information for the discovery of the origins of the date palm.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Influence of girdling on growth of litchi (Litchi chinensis) roots during cold-dependent floral induction

    Liu P.Huang J.-J.Cai Z.-Y.Chen H.-T....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Girdling is extensively applied to promote litchi flowering via the acceleration of bud dormancy and accumulation of carbohydrate in terminal shoots and leaves, but little is known about the response of root growth to girdling treatment during low temperature-mediated floral induction. In this study, litchi plants were girdled before exposure to inductive-cold in the field, and the growth of roots were monitored until floral initiation. The results showed that the length density and growth rate of fine roots increased during cold-dependent floral induction in the entire soil profile, but significantly decreased during flower development. The girdling treatment suppressed the emergence and growth of distal roots but induced that of proximal roots. More fine roots were distributed in shallower soil layers (15–45 cm) where the roots showed more rapid responses to cold and the girdling treatment. Roots reduced starch and sucrose content across the floral induction period and in response to the girdling treatment, which possibly accounted for the suppression of distal root growth. It is suggested that litchi root growth is more sensitive to carbohydrate availability than cold temperatures during floral induction.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Isolation and Screening of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase producing PGPR from Paeonia lactiflora rhizosphere and enhancement of plant growth

    Yuan Y.Zu M.Sun L.Zuo J....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) work in a variety of ways to promote plant growth and increase crop yield. They've recently gotten a lot of attention in crops, but not so much in ornamental plants. In this study, 13 PGPR strains containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase named YDSY1-13 were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of four Paeonia lactiflora cultivars using the medium with ACC as the sole nitrogen source. The ACC deaminase activity, IAA synthesis ability, phosphorus-solubilizing ability, and siderophile production ability of these strains were significantly different, YDSY11 has the highest ACC deaminase activity and YDSY8 has the highest ability to synthesize IAA. The pot experiment showed that inoculation with YDSY8 and YDSY11 dramatically enhanced the photosynthetic capacity, nutrient accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Paeonia lactiflora. The Petri-dish growth-promoting experiment revealed that PGPR strains boosted Arabidopsis thaliana development, with different strains having different impacts on root morphology, including main root length, number of root tips and lateral roots, and root hair density. Among them, YDSY1, YDSY2, YDSY4, and YDSY8 have the greatest effect on increasing A. thaliana biomass, and the increase in aboveground biomass was positively correlated with that of underground biomass, with the exception of YDSY8. Different strains have diverse growth-promoting abilities based on their growth-promoting characteristics, and this ability is mostly controlled by the combined effect of different growth-promoting characteristics. In addition, we found that the same PGPR may have different growth-promoting mechanisms for different plants. This study provides primary data for the development and utilization of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria of P. lactiflora and lays a foundation for further research on the growth-promoting mechanism of PGPR and provides a solution for alleviating fertilizer pollution to the environment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier