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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    New insights on the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple Solanaceous fruit vegetables

    Li S.He Y.Li L.Chen H....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Anthocyanins contribute vibrant colors to plants, enhance a plant's ability to survive biotic and abiotic stresses, and have a positive impact on human health. Solanaceous fruit vegetables, which mainly include tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), display natural variations of anthocyanin pigments in term of types, contents and tissue-specific patterns. Breeding anthocyanin-rich variety is the predominant avenue to improve the quality of Solanaceous fruit vegetables. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is a complicated process affected and regulated by environmental conditions and developmental cues. This article reviews the health benefits of anthocyanin, anthocyanin synthesis and transportation, transcriptional regulations, influencing factors, and strategies for increasing the anthocyanin content in Solanaceous fruit vegetables. It aims to provide a reference for further research on the biosynthesis, accumulation, and metabolism of anthocyanin, and to point out the direction for breeding and cultivation of anthocyanin-rich Solanaceous fruit vegetables.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous melatonin alleviates browning of fresh-cut sweetpotato by enhancing anti-oxidative process

    Cao Q.Li Y.Zhang L.Zhao C....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Sweetpotato is an important and nutritionally rich crop. Melatonin (MT) possesses great potential for promoting the postharvest preservation of vegetables and fruit. However, the function of MT in postharvest sweetpotato is rarely characterized. Here, the functional mechanism of exogenous MT was evaluated in fresh-cut tuberous root of sweetpotato. Experimental results revealed that MT treatment strongly delayed the browning of postharvest fresh-cut sweetpotato. During the storage of the fresh-cut tuberous root of sweetpotato, exogenous MT reduced the activities of enzymes related to browning, and decreased the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, MT treatment maintained higher antioxidants levels, thus effectively inhibited browning and prolonged shelf life of fresh-cut sweetpotapo. In addition, exogenous MT induced the expression of genes related to the antioxidant pathway in sweetpotato. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that exogenous MT alleviates fresh-cut sweetpotato browning by enhancing anti-oxidative process, thereby laying a theoretical foundation and providing a scientific basis for delaying the browning in sweetpotato by MT treatment in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Efficacy of hybrid seed production through natural pollinators employing male sterility: Case study of ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (Roxb.) L.] CGMS system

    Pradeepkumar T.Varun Roch C.Veni K.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Potential of natural pollinators and manually assisted pollination for producing F1 hybrid seeds of ridge gourd hybrid ‘KRH 1’ was evaluated under open field condition for two seasons by growing male sterile line (KAU-LA-MS-101) and monoecious male fertile line (LA-102) in alternate rows. Investigation was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, India. Species diversity of the pollinators, peak foraging time of the pollinators, number of floral visits by pollinating bees and number of bees visiting a flower during stigma receptivity were recorded. Nectary glands of male and female flowers of KAU-LA-MS-101 and LA 102 were measured. Seed yield and seed quality related traits were also recorded following standard protocol. Male sterile plants produce small male flowers with tiny nectary glands when compared to that of LA- 102, but female flowers of male sterile line have larger nectary glands. Stingless bee (Tetragonula sp.), was the pollinator observed in the field during anthesis time with peak activity after 5.30 pm. Number of fruits, number of seeds per fruit and average seed weight were significantly different between male sterile line and monoecious male fertile line LA-102. Pollination efficiency of bees found to be high when compared to manual hands in terms of quality of seeds produced from male sterile plants. However manual hands proved to be better for inducing more number of seeds per fruit. Total seed yield per plant depends on the total number of fruits developed and pollination by bees induces the development of more flowers to maturity, thereby ensuring competitive seed yield. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive correlation with seed length, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, vigour index I and germination velocity index. Present investigation revealed the potential of male sterile line developed in ridge gourd for hybrid seed production. Alternate planting of fertility restorer line with the MS line and allowing open pollination with the assistance of bees will reduce the labour charge involved in hybrid seed production and quality seed can be made available at a competitive rate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Seasonal variation in calcium and ascorbic acid content at harvest related to internal browning in ‘Braeburn’ apple during controlled atmosphere storage

    Wood R.M.Proske M.Scheer C.Neuwald D.A....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Previous studies examining the causes of internal browning (IB) and strategies to reduce its incidence in ‘Braeburn’ apple grown in Southwest Germany have shown conflicting results. However, most studies have been conducted during only one season, requiring multi-seasonal evaluations to obtain robust data and information. IB has been associated with fruit mineral content in ‘Braeburn’ apple, and in other cultivars, ascorbic acid (AsA) is linked to IB. Few studies have investigated the possible role of the balance between mineral and AsA content on fruit susceptibility to IB. The objectives of this study were to use a four-year dataset to analyse the seasonal variation of mineral and AsA content at harvest and their relation to IB incidence in ‘Braeburn’ apple grown in Southwest Germany and stored under controlled atmosphere conditions. According to our results, the average seasonal IB incidence was highly associated with AsA and calcium contents in fruit. Fruit calcium content was positively correlated with IB incidence, whereas AsA content was negatively associated with IB. Seasonal variation in the AsA/Ca ratio at harvest followed the opposite trend to IB incidence, with a higher ratio occurring in years with lower IB incidence. Principal component analysis revealed that the relative humidity (RH) during the first 42 days after bloom (42-DAB) was positively correlated with AsA content and negatively correlated with fruit calcium content and IB incidence. Our results indicate that higher AsA and lower calcium content, due to higher RH during the first 42-DAB, are important to reduce ‘Braeburn’ apples’ susceptibility to IB during controlled atmosphere storage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Boron-deficiency and aluminum toxicity activate antioxidant defense and disorganize the cell wall composition and architecture in trifoliate orange leaf

    Yan L.Riaz M.Cheng J.Jiang C....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Boron (B)-deficiency and aluminum (Al) phytotoxicity are two main factors that influence the yield and quality of citrus. In this study, we investigated the effects of B-deficiency, Al stress, and double stress of B-deficiency and Al toxicity on antioxidant enzyme system and cell wall components in leaf of trifoliate orange seedlings. Boron deprivation and Al toxicity severely induced morphological and anatomical changes in leaves in terms of higher lipid peroxidation, inhibited photosynthesis and impeded seedling growth, and the damages was more pronounced by double stress. Boron-deficiency disturbed the distribution pattern of pectin in leaves, suppressing the content of alkali-soluble pectin and two types of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid (KDO), thus reduced the binding of B to the leaf cell wall. Meanwhile, exposure of Al stress alone resulted in increased content of chelator-soluble pectin and alkali-soluble pectin, whilst an opposite trend was detected in the degree of methylation of the above two pectins. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of –B and –B +Al-treated leaves showed destruction of chloroplasts and a distinct thickening of cell wall. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) in conjunction with X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibited cellulose accumulation while its crystallinity was reduced by Al toxicity and double stress. Taken together, our results reveal that B-deficiency and Al toxicity caused oxidative damage to plants, changed the pectin content and characteristics, and altered the cell wall components and architecture, which could be a major cause of deleterious seedling growth.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous strigolactones alleviate the photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage of cucumber seedlings under salt stress

    Zhang X.Zhang L.Ma C.Su M....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Strigolactones (SLs) play crucial roles in plant growth and development and during the response to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the role of exogenous SLs analog GR24 in amelioration of salt damage and analyzed the interaction between GR24 and other signaling molecules in cucumber seedlings under salt stress by using physiological, biochemical and RNA-seq analysis approaches. Higher chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance, greater efficiency of photosynthetic were observed in GR24-pretreated plants than in non- GR24-pretreated plants under salt stress. In addition, exogenous GR24 pretreatment can also alleviate salt-induced photodamage, enhance the efficiency of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, and scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus alleviating oxidative stress under salt stress in cucumber. RNA-seq analysis revealed that there were 1678 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in D (NaCl)_vs_LD (GR24+NaCl), including 1219 up-regulated genes and 459 down-regulated genes. There were 66 DEGs related to photosynthesis, MAPK cascade pathways, oxidation and antioxidant system screened by GO classification and KEGG enrichment analysis, and the expression levels of these genes were consistent with the changes of physiological parameters. However, the effects of GR24 on the photosynthetic of cucumber seedlings under salt stress, as well as the expression levels of MAPK3/4/6 genes were significantly inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, NADPH oxidase inhibitor) or dimethylthiourea (DMTU, H2O2 scavenger). These findings suggested that H2O2 and MAPK cascade pathways might play a positive role in exogenous GR24 alleviating salt stress in cucumber seedlings. In conclusion this study provides insights for further investigating the mechanism of SLs in alleviating adversity stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Alternative splicing analysis provides insight into the domestication and improvement of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit

    Li M.Wang R.Song B.Liu Y....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Alternative splicing (AS) plays a vital role in response to environmental stress. However, the functional impacts of AS on fruit quality in domestication and improvement remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed AS in fruit using RNA-seq of wild, landrace, and improved pear accessions. A total of new 237,085 transcripts were mapped to 29,254 genes. Based on these assembled transcripts, 191,060 AS events for 15,324 genes were identified, of which retained intron (RI) was the most frequent AS type, accounting for approximately 46.96% of AS events. Furthermore, 847 and 841 differential AS genes (DASGs) were identified during domestication and improvement, respectively. According to gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the DASGs exclusively during domestication affected glycosylation and carbohydrate metabolism, while the DASGs exclusively during improvement were enriched in response to chemical stimulus. We found little overlap between DASGs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both the domestication and improvement processes, which indicated that AS was another gene regulatory mechanism for fruit development. Eight serine/arginine-rich (SR) genes related to AS regulation were differentially alternatively spliced during domestication or improvement, which indicated that SR genes might play regulatory roles in AS during the two processes in pear. Combined with gene annotation and previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs), 91 candidate DASGs related to fruit traits, including genes involved in sugar metabolism, acid metabolism, stone cell formation, and fruit firmness, were screened out during the investigation of domestication and improvement. Among them, Pectin acetylesterase 8 (PbrPAE8) produced PbrPAE8_1 and PbrPAE8_2 transcripts through AS, which was validated by qRT-PCR. The significant difference of AS ratio between landrace and improved groups were correlated with fruit firmness variability in these two populations. Our analysis is the first to reveal that AS variation is related to fruit quality during domestication and improvement of pear. Taken together, our study enriches the understanding of AS and its potential role in pear fruit improvement, thus providing useful references for other fruit tree crops.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Recent advances in the postharvest technology of feijoa

    Oseko J.East A.Heyes J.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Feijoa is an important minor fruit grown in New Zealand, Georgia, Colombia, United States, Italy, Portugal and Brazil. Commercial production and export is reported majorly in New Zealand and its major markets include USA, Asia, Australia and Europe, however main challenge is its short storage life that limits its economic value, thereby needing innovative efforts to extend storage life. Postharvest technologists have applied techniques such as low temperature, controlled atmosphere, ethylene, 1- Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), CaCl2 dips, hot water dipping, step down temperature conditioning and intermittent warming with minimal success. Non-destructive methods such as near infrared have been discussed as alternative approaches to assist in segregating fruit at harvest into more homogenous batches with differing storage potential. This review highlights technologies that merit further testing for extending storage life, and promising technologies for at-harvest fruit segregation. The techniques need to fit readily into industrial practice after harvest. Technologies that support early harvesting of fruit, non-destructive analysis to segregate fruit into maturity classes at grading speed and optimal storage for differing markets, hold significant potential to expand the export industry of feijoa.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of dirigent gene family in strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and functional characterization of FvDIR13

    Wen Z.Ahmad B.Yao L.Shi Y....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Dirigent proteins (DIR) are thought to have important roles in lignans or lignin-like molecules production, defensive responses, secondary metabolism, and disease resistance in plants. There is a lack of information about the DIR genes in strawberries (Fragaria vesca). In this study, 33 FvDIR genes were identified and divided into four subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis. A detailed bioinformatic analysis of FvDIR genes was performed including physiochemical properties of genes, chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution, motif arrangements, in silico analysis of cis-elements, and protein localization. All the genes were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes. The structure and chromosomal distribution of FvDIR genes were systematically analyzed. Most of the genes showed conserved motif and domain composition within the same subfamily. According to exon-intron analysis, 85% of FvDIR genes have no intron. Evolutionary history analysis showed that tandem duplication (six sets) has played more roles in the expansion of gene family than segmental duplication (one set). In silico analysis of cis-elements suggested that most FvDIR genes may function in response to light, hormones, and environmental stresses. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of FvDIR genes in different plants parts (roots, stolons, leaves, flowers, and fruits), against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inoculation, and hormone (SA and JA) treatments. The majority of the genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns, suggesting their roles in plant growth and development. Some of the genes showed differential expression against C. gloeosporioides inoculation and hormone (SA and JA) treatments, signifying their critical roles in plant response to pathogen and hormone treatments. Moreover, ectopic expression of FvDIR13 (Acc. NO. MZ318691) in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited enhanced resistance to C. higginsianum, increase in lignin contents, and change in expression of genes having presumed roles in JA and SA signaling pathways. We surmise that FvDIR13 can promote lignin synthesis, and has roles in disease resistance via regulating JA and SA responsive genes. Our findings give a new foundation for understanding the functions of FvDIR genes and provide preliminary information about the roles of FvDIR13 in disease resistance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    24-Epibrassinolide and nitric oxide combined to improve the drought tolerance in kiwifruit seedlings by proline pathway and nitrogen metabolism

    Xia H.Liu X.Wang Y.Lin Z....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) and nitric oxide (NO) are redox signaling molecules that participate in plant stress response, but their combined role in drought stress response remains unclear. In this study, potted kiwifruit seedlings grown under drought stress were treated with sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor (SNP, 100 μM), 24-epibrassinolide (EBR, 0.01 mg·L?1), and their combination (S+E), as well as well-watered (CK) and drought treatments (DCK). Results revealed that plant biomass, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigment content, and photosynthetic capacity of leaves decreased, whereas MDA, H2O2, relative electrolyte leakage, endogenous NO, proline, and soluble sugar content increased in response to drought stress. The application of SNP and EBR alleviated the above adverse effects caused by drought stress and improved the enzyme activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), reduced the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) involved in nitrogen metabolism to maintain plant growth, and regulated the expression of aquaporin genes PIP1;1 and PIP2;2–1 to maintain normal water metabolism. The up-regulation of proline synthesis gene P5CR1 expression and the down-regulation of proline degradation gene ProDH expression caused proline accumulation under drought stress. Overall, the combination of SNP and EBR was more effective than independent SNP or EBR in mitigating drought stress in kiwifruit seedlings.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier