查看更多>>摘要：The GRAS gene family contains plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in plant growth. In this study, 48 PpeGRAS genes were identified throughout the whole peach genome. They appeared randomly distributed on eight chromosomes. A dispersed gene duplication (DSD, 26 of 48) event was responsible for the GRAS gene family duplication in peach. Phylogenetic analysis among peach, rice, Arabidopsis and poplar showed that the PpeGRAS family was divided into 13 subfamilies. The majority of the PpeGRAS genes did not contain any introns (41, 85.4%), while the remaining seven PpeGRAS genes had one (6, 12.5%) or two (1, 2.1%) introns. Motif analysis indicated that the putative PpeGRAS proteins clustering in the same subgroup share similar motifs. Gene expression analysis in the stem apex of the normal cultivar 'Qiumihong' (QMH) and the dwarf cultivar 'Fenhuashouxingtao' (FHSXT) revealed potential roles of different PpeGRAS genes in peach growth. Two PpeDELLA genes, PpeDELLA1 and PpeDELLA2, were selected for further functional analysis. The dwarf phenotype was due to shorter average internode length and was also observed in transgenic Arabidopsis lines over expressing PpeDELLA1 or PpeDELLA2. These findings provide insights into understanding the function of PpeGRAS genes and their potential use in the genetic improvement of peach.
查看更多>>摘要：Storage in refrigerated conditions is the simplest method to maintain the quality of mushrooms. However, unreasonable low temperatures may limit the effect and even induce postharvest chilling injury. To maximally maintain its quality, Coprinus comatus fruiting body was stored at near freezing temperature (NFT), 4 degrees C and 8 degrees C, respectively, and the changes of physicochemical properties, reactive oxygen species and cell wall metabolisms were investigated and compared. Results showed that NFT storage slowed the rate of declines in firmness, ascorbic acid and glutathione, as well as increases in browning degree, electrolyte leakage, reducing sugar and malondialdehyde, thereby improving the overall quality of C. comatus. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that NFT storage suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species, and retarded the onset of peak activities of antioxidant enzymes and cell wall degrading enzymes, therefore, maintaining higher levels of cell wall components and cell structure integrity. These results indicated NFT storage could effectively slow the senescence process and be a promising strategy to prolong the storage period of C. comatus mushroom.
查看更多>>摘要：The red sarcocarp hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) 'Xinglongzirou' (XZ) is the unique red sarcocarp resource among the cultivated hawthorn varieties in China, which has important production and breeding value and is also an important material for the research of hawthorn anthocyanin biosynthesis. So far, no genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in hawthorn have been reported. In this study, anthocyanins and the genes responsible for their synthesis were identified by comparing the red 'Xinglongzirou' and white 'Bairangmian' sarcocarp varieties. Sarcocarp color measurement and phenotype observation revealed that anthocyanin biosynthesis began 90 days after full-bloom (DAFB90), color turning at DAFB110, and maturation at DAFB150. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified 21 anthocyanin metabolites expressed differently between 'Xinglongzirou' and 'Bairangmian' (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis at DAFB90, DAFB110, and DAFB150 identified three structural genes (Cp4CLL7, CpDFR, and CpLAR) and five transcription factors (CpERF1B, CpARF7, CpIAA27, CpMYB4, and CpbHLH18) involved in hawthorn anthocyanin biosynthesis and red sarcocarp formation. The candidate genes and transcription factors identified in this study will provide an important reference for the research of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transcription regulatory mechanism in red sarcocarp hawthorn.
查看更多>>摘要：VvZFP11 is up-regulated by powdery mildew (PM), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA) treatment, yet the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a powdery mildew response element (PME) in the VvZFP11 promoter is important for countering the challenge to grapevine from PM, in which the defensive and stress response element (GTAAGGAAAC) is critical for specific responsiveness to SA, MeJA, and PM. Analysis of VvZFP11 promoter activity showed that VvZFP11 can activate GUS gene expression. SA induced VvZFP11's expression, while VvZFP11 responded swiftly to PM. Analysis of cis -acting elements revealed that VvZFP11 contained diverse elements related to plant responses to biotic/abiotic stresses. Further experiments revealed PME in the VvZFP11 promoter was crucial for responding to PM. The PME and MV35S core promoters were fused and constructed into a single promoter, then inserted directionally into VvZFP11-GUS's upstream region to obtain a fusion construct. VvZFP11 transcript levels were significantly suppressed in transgenic plants with mutant PEM element after their inoculation with PM (based on Fig. 6). RT-qPCR results indicated the genes AtPR1, AtNPR1, AtPDF1.2, and AtCOI, these related to SA and MeJA, were down-regulated in transgenic plants. The results also confirmed the defensive and stress response element in PME is a key component for the VvZFP11 promoter's function and that VvZFP11 enables plants to gain resistance to PM via the SA pathways.
查看更多>>摘要：Fungicides applied singly are frequently used to ensure disease control in the cultivation of leafy vegetables. The behavior of fungicide mixtures and their impact on plant biochemical and antioxidant status was poorly investigated. The main goal of this study was to compare the impact of fluazinam, a separately applied fungicide, and its mixtures (dithianon+fluazinam, dodine+fluazinam) during dissipation on biochemical compounds and the antioxidant profile in lettuce. Additionally, the behavior of dithianon and dodine applied singly was examined. We noted a longer dissipation time of fluazinam in mixtures (DT50= 6.31 and DT50=4.80) compared to separate application (DT50= 3.36) as well as a shortened dithianon and dodine degradation in mixtures. Moreover, dithianon, dodine and fluazinam applied separately affected the reduction of chlorophylls (43%) and carbohydrates (56%) as well as the induction of carotenoids (37%), protein (40%) and phenolic compounds (50%) in a different dissipation time. Furthermore, fluazinam mixtures intensified accumulation of carotenoids (up to 106.1 mu g g(-1)), protein (21.9 mg g(-1)) and phenolic compounds (1410 mu g g(-1)), while reduction of carbohydrates (3.4 mu g g(-1)), compared to separate application. For the first time, we revealed that non-enzymatic antioxidants are the first line of defense in ROS scavenging caused by fungicides (up to the 12th h), while antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD) play a secondary role in supporting stress mitigation. Results of the study can be applied to the horticultural practice in lettuce cultivation and shed a new light on plant biochemistry under fungicide stress conditions.
查看更多>>摘要：Rootstock affects the performance of the scion on productivity and fruit quality. Scions on trifoliate orange rootstock could produce better quality of fruits than on other commonly used rootstocks. This phenomenon has been well documented, but genetic factors affecting the fruit quality through interaction of scion and rootstock remained unclear. Fruits in different developmental stages from the Daya mandarin grafted on two genetically divergent rootstocks (Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) (Z) and Hongju (Citrus reticulata) (H)) were used for fruit quality, expression of small RNA, and degradome sequencing analysis. Total soluble solids (TSS) of fruit on Z rootstock were significantly higher than those of on H. In contrast, titratable acid (TA) of fruit were lower on Z rootstock. One hundred and eight known and 145 novel microRNAs (miRNA), as well as 555 target genes were identified by in silico analysis and degradome sequencing. One hundred and twenty-nine differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified by comparison of miRNA expression between the Daya mandarins grafted on two rootstocks in three different developmental stages. Correlation analysis with the fruits from three navel orange cultivars on two rootstocks showed that four DEMs (Cre-miR159-3p, Cre-miR160a, Cre-miR171b and Cre-miR399-3p) were significant correlated to TSS or TA in some of scion/rootstock combinations. Expressions of Cre-miR399-3p and its target gene INVE demonstrated consistent correlations with fruit quality of four scion varieties grated on Z rootstock, indicating that Cre-miR399-3p and its target gene INVE may be one of the key factors affecting fruit quality in Poncirus trifoliata rootstock.
Lee, Jun GuShin, Yu KyeongJo, Jung SuBhandari, Shiva Ram...
9页
查看更多>>摘要：Three commercial cultivars and eleven inbred broccoli lines were used to investigate the glucosinolate (GSL) profile, hydrolysate and nitrile contents, and nitrile formation rate. Glucobrassicin (BRA) and glucoraphanin (GRA) were the most dominant GSLs in all lines. The 5405 and 5406 lines exhibited the highest total GSL content (18.39 and 22.97 mu mol.g? 1 DW, respectively). Altogether, five lines (5306, 5311, 5312, 5404, and 5406) were selected as potential highly functional broccoli lines based on GSL content. Three lines (5405, 5406, and 5311) exhibited relatively higher total hydrolysates than the other lines. Three inbred lines (5404, 5407, and 5410) with low nitrile formation rate showed a high isothiocyanate (ITC) formation (2.29 +/- 0.40, 2.16 +/- 0.08, 2.24 +/- 0.47 mu mol.g(-1) DW) and low nitrile formation (0.72 +/- 0.12, 0.64 +/- 0.12, 0.90 +/- 0.20 mu mol.g(-1) DW). Therefore, lines 5404, 5407, and 5410 were selected as functional broccoli breeding lines based on their hydrolysate content and nitrile formation rates. Consequently, hydrolysate and GSL content are more reliable than GSL content only for selecting and developing highly functional varieties.
查看更多>>摘要：Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEI) plays crucial roles in cell wall modification by inhibiting the pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in plant growth and development. Although PMEI has been well characterized in model plants, the knowledge of the molecular evolution and biological functions of PMEI gene family in Citrus remains limited. PMEI proteins play key roles in regulating pectin content, and the accumulation of pectin is a typical symptom of low temperature-induced juice sac granulation in navel orange. To reveal the roles of PMEI gene family in juice sac granulation processes in Citrus, we performed a genome-wide characterization of the PMEI family including identification of PMEI genes, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns, subcellular localization, and functional characterization. A total of 45 PMEI genes were identified from the Citrus sinensis genome, and these 45 PMEI genes were further divided into three clades based on their phylogenetic relationship. The expression patterns analyses of CsPMEI genes during fruit ripening, juice sac granulation, and low-temperature treatment revealed that CsPMEI genes were involved in the low temperature-induced juice sac granulation in navel orange fruits. Moreover, subcellular localization analysis suggested that CsPMEI19 was localized in the cytoplasm and CsPMEI32 was localized on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, stable transformation in navel orange calli showed that over-expression of CsPMEI19 significantly increased the pectin content. Our comprehensive analyses of evolution, expression pattern, and subcellular localization of the PMEI gene family in citrus, and provides a novel insight into the biological functions of CsPMEI genes in juice sac granulation of navel orange.
查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this research is to produce dwarf Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. 'Little Belle Blue' potted plants to flower in 130 days after sowing without exhibiting high temperature induced (HTI) rosette. High temperature induced rosette is defined as "the abnormal growth and development of plants exhibiting a compressed stem near the ground after forming 3 - 4 pairs of true leaves resulting from exposure of seedlings to high temperatures, and fail to form elongated internodes and to flower ". The effect of temperature and photoperiod treatments during various growth and development stages was tested on the accelerated flowering without exhibiting the HTI rosette (Expt. 1, 2, 3), and to induce flowering in 130 days preventing the HTI rosette (Expt. 4, 5, 6). The treatments at 32/27 degrees C (day/night) during 0 - 30 days after sowing (0 - 30D) (32/27 degrees C/0 - 30D and 27/22 degrees C/31 - 60D should be avoided because 39% of plants exhibited HTI rosette (Expt. 1). Lower temperatures and shorter periods (24/22 degrees C/61 - 90D, 24/22 degrees C/31 - 60D) prevented rosette growth (Expt. 2). The treatment 23/21 degrees C/34 - 74D is considered acceptable when coupled with 21/19 degrees C/74 - 115D to promote flowering and to prevent the HTI rosette (Expt. 3). The earliest flowering (157 days) plants without the HTI rosette suggested that temperatures during various 20-day stages are 25/23 degrees C/0 - 20D, 21/19 degrees C/21 - 40D, 12/10 degrees C/61 - 80D, and 25/23 degrees C/81 - 100D. Early flowering occurred at 12/10 degrees C/61 - 80D and 25/23 degrees C/81 - 100D. During these periods, it was considered that flower bud initiation and development might occur, and this effect was especially pronounced in the treatment 25/23 degrees C/61 - 80D (Expt. 4). Flowering was the earliest (148 days) when 45-day old seedlings after sowing seeds in January were exposed for 30 days (46 - 75D) to a long-day (LD) photoperiod at 21/18 degrees C (Expt. 5). The total cropping time was reduced to 133 days without inducing HTI rosette and reducing the number of flowers by the following treatments: Sowing seeds as late as February and growing at 23/21 and 25/23 degrees C/30 - 50D, either under a short-day (SD) or LD/51 - 70D, and growing at 21/19 and 23/21 degrees C under LD/71 - 90D (Expt. 6). A clear distinction should be made between seedlings exhibiting physiologically normal growth during the vegetative juvenile stages that last about 60 days forming up to 3 to 4 pairs of small leaves and HTI rosette that occurs predominantly when seedlings are exposed to 29/27 degrees C/34 - 74D. Eustoma grandiflorum is an annual that does not exhibit seed dormancy since germination occurs in 12 - 14 days at 23/21 degrees C, and 'Little Belle Blue' does not require vernalization to induce flowering in 130 days after sowing seeds without exhibiting HTI rosette. Seeds are sown at 21/16 degrees C/0 - 30D in February and growing at 25/23 degrees C/31 - 50D, 21/19 degrees C/51 - 70D/LD, 23/21 degrees C/71 - 90D/LD, and finally at 23/21 degrees C/91 - 130D is recommended.
查看更多>>摘要：In the acidic soils, Al toxicity is a major factor limiting plant growth and metabolism. It seems that the use of P can alleviate the toxic effects of Al. In this study, we investigated the single and combined effects of P treatment and Al-toxicity on the physiological and biochemical behavior of Spinacia oleracea L. Under Al stress, dry matter amount of shoots and roots decreased. Under Al stress, root Al contents were lower with P application than those without P application, while this effect for the leaf Al contents was completely reverse. Further, under Al stress, the activity of some enzymes, including GPX, GR and APX increased; but the activity of CAT and SOD showed a decrease and no change, respectively. P application reduced the activity of GPX, GR and APX enzymes. However, P treatment had not affected SOD activity. The amount of MDA, H2O2 and photosynthetic pigments of plant was affected by Al stress, but no change in protein content were observed. P application was able to change the effect of Al stress on MDA and H2O2 amounts. In this study, under Al stress, with P application antioxidant enzymes activity to some extent improved and the peroxidation of lipids decreased.
NSTL
Elsevier