Zhao, YaoyaoTang, JixingBrummell, David A.Song, Congcong...
9页
查看更多>>摘要：Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit are stored cold to extend postharvest life but are susceptible to chilling injury, which is often manifested as browning of the internal flesh and failure to ripen normally. Peach fruit stored at 0 degrees C developed severe internal browning, beginning after approximately 14 d Fruit treated with 100 mu mol L-1 abscisic acid (ABA) prior to storage exhibited much reduced internal flesh browning, and this was correlated with increased amounts of soluble sugars. The sucrose contents in ABA-treated fruit increased or were maintained for a longer period, whereas in controls sucrose amounts declined. ABA treatment increased the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase, and decreased the activity of acid invertase. Corresponding changes in the abundances of transcripts encoding these activities were also observed. The findings show that a treatment with ABA reduces chilling injury in peach at least in part by regulating the metabolism of sucrose.
查看更多>>摘要：The infestation of the pest Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dur, 1843) induced changes in Vitis vinifera L. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' at the growth, physiological, and biochemical levels, which were recorded in this study. Continuous infestation by A. lucorum for > 4 d significantly affected plant height and leaf width, although there were no effects when infestation was for <= 4 d. Over the long term, A. lucorum mortality increased and their average survival time decreased. A. lucorum-based injury induced plant defense responses, and a spike in defense enzymes was observed. Additionally, infestation induced significant changes in protease inhibitor and secondary metabolite levels in the grape leaves. After A. lucorum infestation, total sugar, protein, and chlorophyll in the leaf decreased significantly. Puncture injury generally induced a milder response compared with A. lucorum infestation. In summary, A. lucorum infestation induced resistance in Cabernet Sauvignon by activating various physiological and biochemical defense responses. In addition to providing new insights into the coevolution of plants and insects, the results presented in this study may lead to the development of an effective, innovative, and environmentally friendly pest control method.
查看更多>>摘要：Sucrose non-fermentation-1 related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family members play an important role in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and adaptation to various environments in plants. Here, we found that salt stress and ABA treatment induced the expression of MpSnRK2.10, and overexpression of this gene alleviated growth restriction caused by salt stress in apple. After treated with salt stress for 15 d, the relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, and reactive oxygen species production were lower in overexpression (OE) lines, and the chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase activity, photosynthetic capacity, and accumulation of several amino acids were higher in OE lines than in wild-type (WT) plants. OE plants also accumulated less Na+ in response to salt stress, and several genes involved in Na+ balance under salt stress were up-regulated in OE plants compared with WT plants. Overexpression of MpSnRK2.10 altered the role of the ABA pathway in the response to salt stress. We found that the ABA content and stomatal aperture were greater in OE plants than in WT plants. Exogenous ABA and the ABA inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) altered the morphology and physiological status of plants under salt stress, especially OE plants, which became more sensitive to salt stress treatment. The ABA content and stomatal aperture were also altered in response to ABA and NDGA. In sum, our results showed that MpSnRK2.10 alleviated the salt stress inhibition of apple plants by altering the Na+ balance and ABA pathway.& nbsp;& nbsp;
Nguyen Thi My HanhHoang Thanh TungHoang Dac KhaiDo Manh Cuong...
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Somatic embryogenesis (SEMs) is an effective micropropagation method that has been successfully applied to many different plant species; however, little is known about the SE in Actinidia chinensis Planch. -A species with high economic value. In this study, the efficiency of SEMs from leaf main vein and petiole of A. chinensis (seedlings germinated from seeds sterilized with 200 ppm silver nanoparticles for 7 min) via thin cell layer (TCL) technique was performed and compared with that of whole leaf main vein and whole petiole explants. The leaf main vein (mv -1 mm x 10 mm in size) and leaf petiole (p -1 mm x 10 mm in size) explants of in vitro A. chinensis were cut through transverse and longitudinal TCL (mv-tTCL and mv-lTCL for mv explants or p-tTCL and p-lTCL for p explants) with different sizes (1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8 of mv-lTCL or p-lTCL and 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 & nbsp;of mv-tTCL or p-tTCL, respectively). Somatic embryo (SE) was recorded in the wounds of mv and p explants after 8 weeks of culture. For mv explants which cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.02 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L TDZ, 30 g/L sucrose and 8 g/L agar - MSE medium, the 'A mv-tTCL explant (mv was cut into 2 tTCL explants) gave the highest SEMs (98.67%) and number of somatic embryos per explant (10.66 embryos); meanwhile, p explants cultured on MSE medium, the 1/2 p-tTCL explant (p was cut into 2 tTCL explants) obtained the highest number of somatic embryos per explant (8.66 embryos) after 8 weeks of culture. In addition, the growth correction factor of SEMs was optimal at & nbsp;mv-tTCL explant (21.04) or 1/6 p-lTCL (p was cut into 1/6 lTCL explants) and 1/epsilon p-lTCL (p was cut into 8 lTCL explants) (31.36 and 32.00). The current study has shown that the procedure of leaf main vein and petiole TCL derived-SEMs of A. chinensis is the optimal one. Large amounts of somatic embryo induction were observed from mv-TCL and p-TCL with full shapes of the globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledon. The shoot regeneration from somatic embryo with the cotyledon shape was optimal on medium containing 1.0 mg/L BA in terms of total number of shoots, shoot height and number of shoots. In addition, plantlets derived from shoot cultured on the MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L NAA and planted in plastic pots with the combination of humus, coconut fiber and biofertilizers substrates (with ratio of 2:3:1 in weight) showed higher acclimatization and growth than those from other treatments in the greenhouse.
NSTL
Elsevier