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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Exogenous abscisic acid regulates primary metabolism in postharvest cherry tomato fruit during ripening

    Tao X.Zhu B.Chen F.Liu B....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Primary metabolites play crucial roles during fruit development and ripening. Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been reported to regulate postharvest tomato fruit ripening. However, knowledge about ABA in regulating primary metabolism in tomato fruit is obscure. In the present research, cherry tomato fruit were infiltrated with 1.0 mM ABA or deionized water under vacuum, and kept in darkness for 15 d. The changes of the relative contents of sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, as well as the expression levels of key genes involved in sugar and organic acid metabolisms, were analyzed. Results showed exogenous ABA accelerated tomato fruit ripening, accompanying with the enhanced changes of fruit color and firmness, the higher levels of respiration rate and ethylene production. Meanwhile, exogenous ABA enhanced the relative levels of some primary metabolites, such as glucose, lyxose and fructose; citric acid, citramalic acid, ascorbic acid and gluconic acid; also serine, pyroglutamic acid, GABA, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine and glutamine (1.69-3.25 folds). Furthermore, exogenous ABA stimulated the expression levels of most key genes (such as SPSs, SPP2, TIV1, Lins, SUSs, PPCs, MDH and CS) (log2 fold change ranged from 1.06 to 3.64). Results indicate ABA is systematically involved in the regulation of primary metabolism, which may provide valuable information for exploring technical means to improve tomato taste and flavor.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide systematic survey and analysis of NAC transcription factor family and their response to abiotic stress in sweetpotato

    Meng X.Zhu M.Guo F.Liu S....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Sweetpotato is a pivotal crop that can tolerate various edaphic and climatic conditions. The plant-specific NAC transcription factors are involved in regulating various adverse environmental conditions, while currently NAC genes have not been systematically characterized in sweetpotato. Herein, 175 putative NAC or NAC-like genes (IbNACs) were identified in sweetpotato. These genes were unevenly scattered onto all 15 chromosomes, among which 12 pairs of tandem duplications and 12 groups of fragment duplications existed. The collinearity analysis between IbNACs and the related orthologs from nine other plant species further depicted evolutionary insights into NAC gene family. Phylogenetic analysis displayed that IbNAC proteins were classified into 22 subfamilies including four sweetpotato-specific subfamilies, with the support of gene structure and motif analyses. Transcriptome analysis showed that IbNAC genes differed significantly in expression under salt stress, and significant and varying expression of ten selected genes under multiple abiotic stresses was detected by qRT-PCR. Moreover, IbNAC006 and IbNAC143, which were significantly induced by abiotic stress, exhibited obvious transactivation activities, while IbNAC-029/-138/-148 did not. These results will lay the foundation for further evolutionary analysis and functional characterization of IbNACs, particularly with regards to the potential applications of multiple IbNAC regulators in the breeding of tolerant sweetpotato.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of cross combination on the total content and its composition of anthocyanins in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

    Kunitake H.Nakagawa S.Setoguchi Y.Ohmura R....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Anthocyanins in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) have attracted much attention in light of their multiple health benefits and excellent properties as processed foods. Although crossbreeding is an effective way to breed new cultivars of sweetpotato, there are few reports on how anthocyanin content and composition are passed on to F1 hybrid generations by crossbreeding because of a complex genome and self-incompatibility reactions. In this study, three purple-fleshed sweetpotao cultivars, ‘Akemurasaki’, ‘Kyushu No.137’, ‘Purple Sweet Lord’, and one yellow-fleshed cultivars, ‘HE306’ (Silk Sweet?) selected for their anthocyanin contents and compositions were crossed in six combinations. Flowering was induced by using a sweetpotato grafting technique to obtain a total of 143 F1 hybrid lines. Anthocyanin content, the percentage of acylated anthocyanins, and the peonidin/cyanidin ratio in each of these F1 hybrid lines were investigated. In the F1 hybrid generations derived from these six cross combinations, many lines tended to have anthocyanin contents similar to those of the parent cultivars. In particular, among the 36 hybrid lines derived from crosses between ‘Akemurasaki’ and ‘HE306’ (Silk Sweet?), 13 lines with high anthocyanin contents (≧200 mg·100 g FW?1) and 20 lines without anthocyanins were identified. The F1 hybrid lines of this combination had anthocyanin contents similar to those of the parent cultivars, with anthocyanin-free lines appearing more frequently than anthocyanin-containing lines. Interestingly, we also identified a line with an extremely low percentage of acylated anthocyanins (49.7%) from the F1 hybrid lines derived from a cross between ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ (seed parent) and ‘Kyushu No. 137’ (pollen parent). Moreover, the F1 hybrid lines derived from crosses between ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ and ‘Kyushu No.137’ tended to have high peonidin/cyanidin ratios. This study provides an example of the inheritance of anthocyanin content and its composition in sweetpotato, which supplies valuable information for selection of parents to breed purple-fleshed cultivars.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assessing genetic diversity and aggregate genotype selection in a collection of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) accessions under drought stress: Application of BLUP and BLUE

    Archangi A.Heidari B.Mohammadi-Nejad G.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Maintaining genetic diversity and aggregate traits selection in medicinal plants improves selection efficiency and provides the flexibility to adapt environmental stresses. The present studies aimed at evaluating genetic variation and assessing efficiency of three selection index models based on relative economic values of traits and a ranking based method in 30 cumin accessions under drought and well-watered conditions in 2015 and 2016 years. Drought stress regime applied at the flowering stage of growth cycle. The best linear unbiased estimation values (BLUE) were used for aggregate genotype selection in a desired direction in the Smith-Hazel I (SMH-I) and II (SMH-II), and Pesek-Baker (PSB) indices. The three selection indices did differ in assigning relative economic values for traits tested in cumin. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) were used to predict rank summation index values (RSI). Grain yield (GY) ranged from 183.07 to 379.99 kg/ha and from 430.07 to 942.26 kg/ha in 2015 and 2016 experiments, respectively. Of the accessions tested in 2015, 20 with top rankings for GY were selected for further validation in 2016. Selections in 2015 resulted in 7.1% for plant height (PH) to 165.7% for plant weight (PW) progress in drought treatment in 2016. Among the traits, PH, thousand grain weight (TGW) and harvest index (HI) showed low changes between the two moisture regimes. Plant height with high heritability and significant correlation with GY showed low variation over seasons and watering regime treatments and is suggested for indirect selection of GY. Analysis of drought susceptibility index (DSI) showed that Kashmar with low DSI had low genotype × environment interaction for GY. Grains per plant (GPP) and biological yield traits had the highest response to selection under drought stress. The SMH-II showed higher selection efficiency in both seasons. Zarand had top rankings for RSI among accessions for aggregate traits tested under drought conditions in both years. Our results showed aggregate genotype selection is a refinement of selection which incorporates information of individual genotypes with genetic and association of traits. Overall, the efficiency of SMH II which maximized genetic gains in a desired direction was higher than SMH I and PSB indices that helps to achieve breeding goals in an uncertain number of generations in cumin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biochar from fruit crops waste and its potential impact on fruit crops

    Sharma S.Rana V.S.Prasad H.Patiyal V....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Climate change is expected with the ever rising human population on the planet earth. The different anthropogenic activities have resulted in increased levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs), higher temperatures, aberrant precipitation patterns, and other climate changes, calling for advanced restitution techniques. Renewable energy sources have gained momentum over the past few years under changing climatic scenarios coupled with demand for energy supply. Fruit peels, shells, wood, and leaves are the abundant waste materials associated with fruit production, representing a potential bio-resource to be transformed into valuable materials called biochar. Fruit crops are mainly known for their nutraceutical properties, but on the other hand, the nutrient deficiencies in fruit plants influence sustainable fruit production. Biochar production and their applications may offer a new concept to meet this challenge. The current status of knowledge on biochar production from fruit crop waste material and its application to the fruit production system has been reviewed in this article. Benefits include fruit productivity and quality through their positive effects on different plant traits. The role of biochar in improvement of the soil physico-chemical properties has also been described via understanding the mechanisms of soil microbes and their interactions in fruit orchards.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biostimulation with phycocyanin-rich Spirulina extract in hydroponic vertical farming

    Varia J.Kamaleson C.Lerer L.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Vertical farming (VF) is a potential solution for producing high-quality, accessible, and climate-friendly nutrition for growing urban populations. However, to realize VF's potential as a sustainable food source, innovative technologies are required to ensure that VF can be industrialized on a massive scale and extended beyond leafy greens and fruits into the production of food staples or row crops. While technological advances have improved the energy efficiency of VF lighting systems, there has been insufficient research into biostimulation as an approach to reduce energy needs and improve crop quality and yield. We conducted a controlled trial to investigate the application of a phycocyanin-rich Spirulina extract (PRSE) as a biostimulant in hydroponically grown, vertically farmed lettuce (Salanova? Lactuca sativa and Salanova? Red Crisp). Phenotype analysis for Salanova? Red Crisp with PRSE application showed a reduced time from seed to harvest by 6 days, increased yield by 12.5%, and improved antioxidant flavonoid levels. Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community of the nutrient solution for Salanova? Lactuca sativa cultivation indicated a 62% reduction in the bacterial population for the PRSE treatment group (vs. 0.017% increase for the control group). An increase in the overall bacterial diversity and evenness was found in the PRSE treatment group as compared to a decrease in these parameters for the control group. This preliminary study reveals the utility of PRSE for plant growth promotion, improvement in crop yield, and potential prebiotic activity in hydroponic vertical farming. Moreover, it demonstrates that microalgae-derived biostimulants may play an important role in improving the economic and environmental sustainability of VF.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    GC-MS/LC-MS and transcriptome analyses revealed the metabolisms of fatty acid and flavonoid in olive fruits (Olea europaea L.)

    Niu E.Hu W.Wang W.Shen G....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsOlive (Olea europaea L.) is an economical fruit tree for the usage of oil extraction and table olives. It is favored by consumers because of abundant unsaturated fatty acids and flavonoids, but little known about the genetic mechanisms. This study identifies the fruit traits of three olive cultivars ‘Arbequina’, ‘Frantoio selection’ and ‘Nikitskii Ⅰ’, first planted in the conditions of acid soil and rainy summer and further elucidates the fatty acid and flavonoid biosynthesis mechanism by multi-omics analysis. ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Frantoio selection’ had medium flesh/pit ratios (3.94, 3.53) and oil contents (15.95%, 12.95%) and were suitable for oil extraction. ‘Nikitskii Ⅰ’ had a big flesh/pit ratio (6.25) and medium oil content (13.13%) and could be used both for table olives and oil purpose. Totally, 37 fatty acid and 35 flavonoid compounds were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technologies with the average Pearson correlation indexes of 0.985 and 0.971 among different cultivars, respectively. Transcriptome analysis identified 14,684 differentially expressed genes with 1008 common differential genes. Furthermore, enrichment analysis showed 15 and 8 pathways involved in fatty acid and flavonoid metabolism with 44 and 32 prior transcripts tested, respectively. Overall, among the three cultivars, ‘Frantoio selection’ and ‘Nikitskii Ⅰ’ displayed a larger difference and they showed the high ratios of unsaturated fatty acids/fatty acids and oleic acid/fatty acids, respectively. While ‘Arbequina’ presented a big advantage in flavonoid compounds and expressions of related genes. The study provides the excellent materials and candidate genes for genetically improving of the quality of olive oil.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transgenic tomato expressing an oxalate decarboxylase gene from Flammulina sp. shows increased survival to Moniliophthora perniciosa

    Pereira Menezes Reis S.de Andrade Silva E.M.da Costa Silva D.Cardoso Costa M.G....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Witches’ broom disease which affects cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) is caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. Studies of the cacao-M. perniciosa interaction showed that the pathogenicity of M. perniciosa is associated to the presence of oxalic acid (OA). In some organisms, OA can be degraded into formate and CO2 by the oxalate decarboxylase (OXDC) enzyme. Here, we used the oxdc gene from Flammulina velutipes to generate transgenic tomato plants as a potential strategy to control M. perniciosa infection. Three transgenic T1 lines expressing the oxdc gene were obtained and two of them (P4 and P16) presented a significant delay in symptom development and higher survival percentage when inoculated with M. perniciosa in comparison to the non-transformed wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, the P16 line test showed a decreased production of H2O2 in the presence of OA in comparison to the WT, as evidenced by the 3,3′-diaminobenzidine test. These results indicate that the P16 transgenic line is able to break down OA leading to normal plant development with few symptoms even when infected by M. perniciosa. Phenotypic and histological analysis showed differences between WT and transgenic plants. The amount of fungus hyphae was lower with thinner thickness in the transgenic plants. This study evidences of the reduction of witches’ broom disease progression by the presence of the oxdc gene leading to the plant survival.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of fruit load on photosynthetic characteristics of peach leaves and fruit quality

    Wang X.Yu M.Chen X.Zhang B....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022We investigated the effects of fruit load on the photosynthetic characteristics of peach leaves and fruit quality in nine-year-old ‘Xiahui 6’ peach trees. Photosynthetic characteristics, including quantities of photosynthates in leaves of trees with different fruit loads were determined in early May (2 d after fruit set), early June (fruit core-hardening period), early July (10 d before harvest), and late July (2 d after harvest). Quality indicators of mature fruits were determined. The results revealed that leaf photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content decreased in the first two stages, whereas soluble sugar and sugar alcohol contents increased with a decrease in the fruit load. A contrasting trend was observed in the last two stages. Individual fruit quality, soluble solid content, sugar-to-acid ratio, soluble sugar, and sugar alcohol content increased with a decrease in fruit load. Growth and development were rapid when the fruit load was low, resulting in earlier ripening. Overall, the findings revealed that a 50% fruit load was optimal for the enhancement of yield and fruit quality in mature ‘Xiahui 6’ peach trees under field conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Plant grafting and graft incompatibility: A review from the grapevine perspective

    Tedesco S.Fevereiro P.Kragler F.Pina A....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Grafting is a method for plant propagation and improvement. In the European viticulture, grafting is the sole control strategy against Phylloxera injuries and thus is of crucial importance for sustainable grape production. Despite its benefits, grafting is also a source for disease dissemination and graft incompatibility sometimes detected long after grafting can result in propagation losses. However, the physiology of grafting, such as compatibility factors, callus formation and healing processes, and the signaling components exchanged between scion and rootstock, are still not well understood by the scientific community. Recent insights in grafting research hint at a complex scion-rootstock communication. Molecules exchanged between rootstock and scion, such as hormones, metabolites, proteins, and RNAs coordinate the grafted plant parts and are suspected to modulate the healing of the union and to facilitate the regeneration of the vascular tissues. Such processes result in a successful grafted plant but in many cases, the graft develops distress symptoms, which can appear in early or late stages of plant growth eventually leading to a so-called ‘graft incompatibility’. It is not known whether the cause of incompatibility is based on a rejection of the opposing partners, on growth differences, or on the stress induced by grafting itself. One potential factor leading to graft incompatibility can be based on a deficiency of the recognition of graft-transmissible RNA signals shown to coordinate developmental and environmental shoot-root responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge on grafting from the perspective of viticulture, discusses the hypotheses behind graft incompatibility, addresses the molecular effects of grafting, and novel research perspectives that might help to unveil this millenary mystery.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier