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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Perforated modified atmosphere packaging differentially affects the fruit quality attributes and targeted major metabolites in bell pepper cultivars stored at ambient temperature

    Lwin, Hnin PhyuLee, JinheeLee, Jinwook
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bell pepper quality can deteriorate during distribution and storage, and often develop disorders. Thus, the effectiveness of micro perforated modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology on targeted metabolites associated with fruit quality and physiological disorders in 'Volante' and 'Sirocco' bell pepper cultivars was investigated over a period of up to 3 weeks at 22 degrees C. The perforated MAP reduced weight loss and retained pericarp firmness. The soluble solids and carbohydrates, and organic acid contents were lower in the perforted MAP-treated fruits than untreated fruits. Fruit shriveling decreased after MAP treatment. In both cultivars, proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were lower in MAP-treated fruits than in untreated fruits of both cultivars. Fatty acid levels were not affected by the perforated MAP treatment but were influenced by the cultivar and storage time especially in 'Volante'. Overall, the results indicate that the micro perforated MAP treatment can suppress weight loss and retain pedicel firmness, reducing the bell pepper shriveling at ambient temperature and thus prolonging their shelf life.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Waning advantages of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis and productivity due to accelerated phase transition and source-sink imbalance in sweet pepper

    Shin, JiyongHwang, InhaKim, DongpilKim, Jaewoo...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：CO2 concentration, which can be raised by CO2 enrichment, has been considered to affect photosynthetic physiology, morphology, and yield of crops in greenhouses. However, inconsistent influence of CO2 enrichment on crop productivity has been demonstrated owing to the complicated and dynamic interaction between physIological and morphological responses of crops. Therefore, integrative analysis on the systemic responses of crops to CO2 enrichment is required for clarifying the reasons for the inconsistency. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of CO2 enrichment on the photosynthesis and yield of sweet pepper plants according to growth phase and to investigate how photosynthetic physiology and plant morphology contribute to the CO2 enrichment effect via functional structural plant model (FSPM), an integrative plant modeling tool. CO2 was enriched to sweet pepper plants with a daily average concentration of about 900 mu mol mol(-1). Growth, yield, and photo-synthesis were periodically measured during the cultivation. The structural and photosynthetic properties ob-tained through 3D-phenotyping and gas-exchange measurement were applied to the 3D-framework for FSPM. The change in the CO2 enrichment efficiency for photosynthesis and the contribution of photosynthetic and morphological acclimation to CO2 enrichment effect were calculated. The overall influence of CO2 enrichment on the plants changed by growth stage mostly mediated by photosynthate source-sink balance. In early stages, CO2 enrichment accelerated the growth phase transition and increased the fruit yield through the increase in photosynthate partitioning to fruits. In later stages, however, the efficiency of CO2 enrichment on fruit yield gradually decreased due to the restricted leaf area expansion caused by excessive photosynthate partition to fruits. The systemic influence of CO2 enrichment on the plants including photosynthetic acclimation, structural acclimation, and fruit yield could be reasonably elucidated through the method used in this study. Thus, balancing the photosynthate source-sink balance in the early stages with appropriate cultivation practices could improve the long-term productivity of sweet pepper under CO2 enrichment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Tissue-specific pectin methylesterification and pectin methylesterase activities play a role in lettuce seed germination

    Xu, ZhenjiangYang, MeiLi, ZhaoyangXiao, Jian...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cell wall mechanical strength is partially controlled by the degree of pectin methylesterification that is mediated through the action of pectin methylesterases (PMEs). Changes in cell wall mechanical strength are involved in the endosperm cap weakening and radicle elongation growth during the germination of some endospermic seeds. However, little is known about the roles of the status of pectin methylesterification and PME activities during seed germination, especially in lettuce, a traditional model plant for seed germination research. In the present study, we demonstrated that the rupture of lettuce endosperm cap during seed germination was caused by cell rupture, not by cell separation as formerly reported in other species. Next, we investigated the status of pectin methylesterification of the endosperm cap and radicle during germination, using immunolabeling by specific monoclonal antibodies against methyl-esterified pectins and calcium bridges. We also analyzed the expression patterns of PME activities and an encoding gene LsPME/PMEI51 in the endosperm cap and radicle. It was found that cell walls of the endosperm cap comprise more methyl-esterified pectins than radicle, while PME activities and the abundance of LsPME/PMEI51 transcripts in the endosperm cap are lower than those in the radicle. In addition, the status of pectin methylesterification and PME expression patterns changed during seed germination. Low PME activities and high pectin methylesterification in the endosperm cap is hypothesized to be the reason of why endosperm does not rupture by cell separation. It is concluded that tissue-specific pectin methylesterification and PME activities play a role in lettuce seed germination.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The joint role of the late anthocyanin biosynthetic UFGT-encoding genes in the flowers and fruits coloration of horticultural plants

    Muhammad, NoorLuo, ZhiYang, MengLi, XianSong...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Flower and fruit color is one of the most important features of horticultural plants. Its formation and regulation are always affected by both internal and external factors. Among these factors, the UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-Oglucosyltransferase (UFGTs) have a major role in the development and production of flowers and fruits colors. The UFGT enzymes are critical for upholding anthocyanin synthesis, acylation, and glucosylation in horticulture plants. The functions of the UFGT encoding genes in the formation of pigments, particularly anthocyanin, are summarized in this article. Furthermore, this review article emphasizes the joint role of the UFGTs and other downstream genes in the stabilization of anthocyanin in the final step. The advancement of flower and fruit color regulation research is discussed, with an emphasis on UFGT genes. To give a wide context for flower and fruit color improvements in horticultural plants, the limitations of flower and fruit color research as well as prospective areas for future development are also scrutinized. This review provided resources for a better understanding of the role of UFGT genes in the color formation of flowers and fruits of horticultural plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Interactive effects between salinity and nutrient deficiency on biomass production and bio-active compounds accumulation in the halophyte Crithmum maritimum

    Castillo, Jesus M.Manuel Mancilla-Leyton, JuanMartins-Noguerol, RaquelMoreira, Xoaquin...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Plant bioactive metabolites play a pivotal role in protection against environmental stresses and offer great potential for nutraceutical exploitation. In this sense, halophytes present an exceptional opportunity for sustainable saline agriculture since they can massively accumulate bioactive metabolites under stressful conditions. We investigated the responses of the halophyte Crithmum maritimum to increasing salinity, nutrient deficient and their interaction. We hypothesized that the concentration of bioactive compounds would increase together with salinity and nutrient deficient, and that the interaction between these two stresses would produce synergic effects on bioactive compounds accumulation. We studied the tolerance and foliar accumulation of nutrients and bioactive compounds (amino acids, phenols, terpenes and fatty acids) for C. maritimum in response to salinity and nutrient deprivation in greenhouse controlled conditions. The high salinity tolerance of C. maritimum was not diminished by the interaction of salinity with nutrient limitation. Mineral nutrition deficit and saturated fatty acid accumulation were induced at 200-500 mM NaCl, and accumulation of polyphenol 5-caffeoylquinic acid and some amino acids were identified as nutrient deficiency markers. C. maritimum responded mainly to increasing salinity by reducing foliar accumulation of five terpenes and total lipids, and to nutrient limitation by increasing the concentration of vaccenic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid. The interaction between salinity and nutrient availability provoked antagonistic and synergistic effects on the accumulation of terpenes and fatty acids. C. maritimum showed high physiological phenotypic plasticity in the response to salt stress, nutrient deficiency and their combination.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Photosynthetic and grain yield responses to intercropping of two common bean lines with maize under two types of fertilizer applications in the colombian amazon region

    Vanegas, Jose IvanUrban, Milan O.Beebe, Stephen E.Rao, Idupulapati M....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Acid soils in the Amazon region are characterized by low fertility and high aluminum saturation causing reduced crop yields. Improving genetic adaptation of crop genotypes together with suitable agronomic management practices can mitigate the impact on crop production in acid soils. The objective of the present study was to determine the photosynthetic and grain yield responses of two common bean lines to intercropping with maize under two types of fertilizer applications in the Colombian Amazon region. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in a nested trifactorial arrangement was used consisting of two advanced bean lines of BFS 10 and ALB 121 (main plots); three cropping system patterns of monoculture, intercropping pattern 1, intercropping pattern 2 (subplots); and two types of fertilizer applications, chemical and organic (sub-subplots) for a total of 12 treatments. The experiment was conducted in two growing seasons and the effects of the treatments were evaluated during two growth stages within a cropping season. Measurements included photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, specific leaf area, viability of pollen and grain yield. Mean values from two growing seasons were presented. Photosynthetic response of BFS 10 was superior to ALB 121 under both monoculture and intercropping patterns with either chemical or organic fertilizer application. Both bean lines showed an increase in apparent quantum efficiency and maximum rate of ribulose-1, 5bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) carboxylation (Vcmax) during pod filling growth stage when grown in association with maize, particularly with organic fertilizer application. Small farmers in the Amazon region can benefit from either one of the two bean lines by growing them as intercrops with maize, using organic fertilizer application.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative analysis of anatomical structure, assimilate accumulation and gene expression in lignin and carbohydrate metabolism pathway during taproot thickening of taicai and pak choi

    Liu, QianqianLi, JunqingHan, RuolinWang, Hongwei...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Taicai (Brassica rapa L.ssp. chinensis Makino var. tai-tsai Hort) is a type of brassica vegetable that can form edible fleshy roots, and is a variant of pak choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt). Its expanded taproot is an important nutrient storage organ. To better understand the changes and their regulation during taproot formation in taicai, we compared and analyzed the anatomical structure, lignin synthesis, carbohydrate accumulation and mRNA expression profile in the axial roots of taicai and pak choi, respectively. Compared with pak choi, the taproot of taicai had more developed phloem, a more scattered distribution of xylem vessels, and more sucrose and amylopectin accumulation. Comparison results based on RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR also reflected a greater reduction in lignin synthesis in taicai. Two genes encoding alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2 (BrPHS2) and glucan-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2 (BrGPT2) were suggested to play a noteworthy role in the starch accumulation during the taproot formation in taicai. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis identified two modules highly associated with the increase of root diameter; these modules contain genes related to sucrose starch metabolism as well as cell proliferation. Several transcription factors from four families in the module may regulate the genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and cell development in taicai taproot. These results contributed to a better understanding of the differences in root development among brassicas, and provide valuable resources for further exploring the regulation of the formation of modified organ in brassicas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Relationship of fruit color and anthocyanin content with related gene expression differ in strawberry cultivars during shelf life

    Lee, ChoonseokLee, JihyunLee, Jinwook
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Strawberry fruit is highly perishable after harvest, as the fruit quality rapidly deteriorates during shelf life. Fruit color also dramatically changes during this period. The objective of this study was to elucidate the comparative responses of fruit quality, anthocyanin content, and expression of genes (including transcription factors and structural genes related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin) in fruits of the 'Seolhyang' and 'Jukhyang' strawberry cultivars at different fruit maturity stages and during postharvest shelf life. Fruit dimensions increased as fruits matured and then decreased during shelf life in both cultivars. Soluble solids content and titratable acidity were higher in 'Jukhyang' than in 'Seolhyang' fruits. Fruit color variables were not different in both strawberry cultivars as fruit matured, but peel chroma and a* values were higher in 'Jukhyang' than in 'Seolhyang' cultivar during shelf life. Total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, total antioxidant activity, pelargonidin-3-O- glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-(6 "-malonyl)-glucoside contents were higher in 'Seolhyang' than in 'Jukhyang' fruits. In contrast, the contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside were lower in 'Seolhyang' than in 'Jukhyang' during shelf life. The expression of genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway differentially responded to fruit maturity and shelf life. The collective results indicated that the phenotypic response of fruit color was differentially associated with individual anthocyanins, anthocyanin transcription factors, and biosynthesis-related gene expression in strawberry cultivars during shelf life.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Next generation sequencing and transcriptome analysis for identification of ARF and Aux/IAA in pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.), a non-model plant

    Saurabh, SatyajitPrasad, DineshMasi, AntonioVidyarthi, Ambarish S....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae is a tropical perennial vegetable with an origin in the Indian subcontinent. There is a lack of genetic information for this commercially important cucurbit. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the T. dioica Roxb. ovary was carried out in this study. The BLAST-hits analysis of significantly annotated CDS of both samples revealed that pointed gourd is significantly related to cucumber (Cucumis sativus). A total of 10,996 annotated CDS was commonly identified in both samples. Notably, 1,859 CDS were found significantly down-regulated while 1,194 CDS were found up regulated. 904 CDS of 1DBP and 971 CDS of 2DAF were identified to have SSRs. The auxin-dependent phenomenon in plant physiology, auxin signaling, is primarily regulated by transcription factors, such as ARF and Aux/IAA. The in-silico studies were carried out to identify the transcripts of ARFs and IAAs in T. dioica Roxb. A total of 48 ARF transcripts and 37 Aux/IAA transcripts were identified and named as TdARFs and TdIAAs, respectively. The peptides of TdARFs and TdIAAs are distributed in clusters to show similarity and evolutionary divergence. More than 70% of the peptide sequences derived from CDS of TdARFs and TdIAAs have their signature domains. The sub-cellular localization predicted that TdARF and TdIAA were found mainly in the nucleus. This study will pave the way further for elucidating the precise role of these transcription factors in auxin signaling and subsequent genetic manipulations for crop improvement. Additionally, the data sets gathered from whole transcriptome sequencing and analysis are useful resources for further studies regarding molecular genetics and functional genomics of T. dioica Roxb.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Pre-harvest silicon spraying: Impact on decay, metabolism, and overall quality of 'Galaxy' apples after harvest and cold storage

    Anese, Rogerio de OliveiraMonteiro, Thiago MoreiraPless, Gabriela ZoocheBrackmann, Auri...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：New strategies to reduce apple decay and maintain fruit quality during postharvest with low environmental impact are crucial. Thus, we aimed to assess the effects of pre-harvest foliar silicon (Si) application on decay incidence, metabolism, and overall fruit quality of 'Galaxy' apples at harvest and after cold storage. The experiments were performed during four seasons in commercial orchards and stored in cold rooms, and the following treatments were evaluated: 0, 1.12, 2.24, and 3.36 g L(-1 )of foliar sodium silicate (SS) (2015-16 and 2017-18 seasons), 0, 1.68, and 3.36 g L-1 of foliar SS (2018-19 and 2019-20 seasons), and 0, 1.68, and 3.36 g L-1 of sodium metasilicate (2019-20 season). Upon being harvested, the fruit were kept in cold storage. Foliar Si treatment of 'Galaxy' apples did not reduce decay incidence and severity after cold storage, and in some cases, it increased decay incidence. Moreover, Si treatment did not increase physiological disorders such as russeting, bitter pit, flesh breakdown, and mealiness. In some periods, Si treatment enhanced ripening metabolism as supported by higher ethylene biosynthesis, ACC oxidase activity, and reduced flesh firmness. Therefore, foliar Si application does not provide benefits to 'Galaxy' apple decay control.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier