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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Comparative analysis of floral scent profiles between two Chimonanthus praecox plants under different rhythms and blooming stages

    Li, YueJia, WeijiaWang, QiongWang, Biao...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Chimonanthus praecox is an economically important ornamental plant species native to China. It is known for its winter-season flowering times and strong fragrances. Floral fragrances vary with different circadian rhythms. Despite many studies examining the circadian-rhythm-based changes in floral fragrance, limited information is available about the floral fragrance of C. praecox with circadian rhythms. In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the floral scent compounds in var. grandiflorus and var. intermedius from Yunnan, China. In total, 69 volatile compounds, which were largely acids, alcohols, esters, aromatic compounds, terpenes, aldehydes, and ketones, were identified and the most predominant compounds were alcohols. Compounds m-xylene, p-xylene, 2-norbornanemethanol, o-xylene, cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene, germacrene D, ethylbenzene and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid contributed to the floral scent of C. praecox. While var. grandiflorus and var. intermedius flowers contained about the same number of floral scent compounds (53 and 52, respectively), their compositions varied greatly. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis based on the main compounds in var. grandiflorus and var. intermedius with different circadian rhythms indicated that opened flowers had similar compounds while unopened flowers had different ones. In addition, the amounts and contents of floral scent compounds between the two C. praecox varieties were affected differently by temperature, humidity and light intensity. Our findings will contribute to the exploration of the biosynthesis and emission mechanisms of floral scent compounds in C. praecox.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Melatonin priming as a promising approach to improve biomass accumulation and the nutritional values of Chenopodium quinoa sprouts: A genotype-based study

    Zrig, AhlemSaleh, Ahmed M.Sheteiwy, Mohamed S.Hamouda, Foued...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Increasing the production of horticultural crops is one of the most important challenges worldwide. Seed priming is a promising agricultural procedure for supporting growth and quality of economic crops. Among the most efficient seed priming agents that play a significant role in improving plant growth, chemical composition and bioactivity is melatonin (MT). This study was carried out to investigate the impact of MT priming on sprouting of three genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and their nutritive value. Different primary and secondary metabolites of the three genotypes (regalona, kvl-sra2, Q37) were quantified. MT priming promoted the growth of quinoa genotypes by increasing their biomass accumulation and total nutrient content. Regarding the effect of MT priming on pigments, there was an obvious upward trend in leaf pigments of regalona. Besides, our results showed that MT priming increased the vitamins content such as thiamin and tocopherol content. Essential amino acids, organic acids and unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in MT-primed plants relative to the corresponding controls. Further, MT priming enhanced the accumulation of total soluble sugar, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which contribute to higher antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Interestingly, species-specific responses toward MT priming were noticeable, where kvl-sra2 sprouts showed the highest antioxidant and anti diabetic activities among the three-quinoa genotypes. Overall, the current results suggest that MT priming could be used as a powerful agricultural approach to improve the growth and functional food value of quinoa sprouts.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of UV-induced geometrical isomerization of hydroxyl-cinnamic acid-containing molecules of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) using UHPLC-QTOF-MS

    Ramphinwa, Maanea L.Madala, Ntakadzeni E.Mchau, Godwin R. A.Ramabulana, Anza T....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bush tea (Athrixia phyllicoides DC.) is a herbal tea which contains bioactive compounds. Naturally, these metabolites aid plants to defend themselves against a wide spectrum of biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of the study was to identify hydroxyl-cinnamic acids affected by UV (Ultraviolet) light exposure of bush tea through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). A randomized complete block experimental design was used consisting of control and 80% white shade net replicated three times and samples were analyzed in triplicates. The methanolic leaf extracts of bush tea were exposed to UV light at 254 nm for 24 h and thereafter metabolites were measured and annotated through UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Hydroxyl-cinnamic acids (HCAs) have been shown to undergo photo-isomerization during post UV light exposure, evidenced by the emergence of photo-isomers. The findings showed that hydroxylcinnamic acids containing molecules to undergo photo-chemical isomerization, characterized by formation of isomeric molecules with cis geometry. Metabolites which underwent photo isomerization were found to be structurally related as they formed a very tight molecular family when molecular networking algorithm was used.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Identification and analysis of CYP450 family members in Ginkgo biloba reveals the candidate genes for terpene trilactone biosynthesis

    Liu, Xiao-MengZhang, Xiao-XiHe, XiaoYang, Ke...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cytochrome P450 (CYP450), a superfamily of mono-oxygenases, participates in various physiological processes of plants. Terpene trilactones (TTLs) are unique bioactive components of Ginkgo biloba L. and have been applied in many fields including industry, medicine, and health. In this study, a total of 187 CYP450s were identified from the ginkgo genome and were divided into six clans, of which the CYP71 clan (10 subfamilies) included all Atype CYP450s, with a total of 83. The other five clans (18 subfamilies) contained 104 non-A-type CYP450s. The physicochemical properties, functional domains, conserved motifs, phylogenic relationships, gene structures, and chromosome locations of the GbCYP450s were comprehensively analyzed. The GbCYP450s had a conserved domain of FXXGXRXCXG, and each clan or subfamily had its own characteristics, indicating potential differences in their functions. A total of 114 identified differentially expressed CYP450s were identified from transcriptome sequencing. Combined with the content of TTLs, 22 CYP450s that might be involved in TTL biosynthesis were screened via correlation and weighted gene correlation network analysis. By constructing a phylogenetic tree with CYP450s involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in other plants, and 22 CYP450s had a close evolutionary relationship, which further verified our hypothesis. Additionally, the MeJA treatment could increase the content of TTLs in G. biloba, and 12 of the 22 candidate GbCYP450s contained cis-acting regulatory elements involved in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsiveness, among which eight CYP450s genes were strongly induced by MeJA to up-regulate expression. This study provides a foundation for clarifying the function of CYP450s in TTL biosynthesis and the use of genetic engineering technology to increase the production of TTLs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cytology and pollen morphology of Bougainvillea glabra 'Elizabeth Angus', a cultivar with low pollen fertility

    Zhang, WeiGuan, WenlingLi, YefangPeng, Lvchun...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study, we analysed the pollen morphology, male gametophyte development, and callose deposition dynamics of Bougainvillea glabra 'Elizabeth Angus' to explore the period and mode of pollen abortion and the relationship between pollen morphology and fertility. Fertile pollen grains of 'Elizabeth Angus' and B. spectabilis 'Pink Panther' were larger than sterile pollen grains. Compared with the control 'Pink Panther', proportion of 'Elizabeth Angus' pollen grains with columellae was lower. Many abnormal phenomena were observed in pollen mother cells (PMCs) during meiosis, including laggard chromosomes, uneven chromosome separation, chromosome separation asynchrony, pentads, and micronuclei. At the early uninucleate stage, microspore development was abnormal, with deformed and shrunken pollen grains. Callose deposition was normal at meiosis and the tetrad stages of PMCs, but abnormal at the early mononuclear stage, with blocked microspore development. The complex abnormal chromosomal behaviour and delayed callose degradation in the early mononuclear stage during meiosis may account for the low pollen fertility of 'Elizabeth Angus'. The size of the pollen grains and the morphology of the outer wall were associated with fertility; the larger pollen grains showed superior fertility, and the fertility of the pollen grains was associated with a certain number of columellae in the pollen wall. This study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic breeding of Bougainvillea.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Foliar application of gibberellic acid improves yield and head phenolic compounds in globe artichoke

    Othman, Yahia A.Leskovar, Daniel I.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Applications of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) during the vegetative stage is used routinely in artichoke production systems in semi-arid regions to induce vernalization and improve yield. The objective of this two-year field study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous GA(3) (20 mg l(-1)) application date (4th and 8th leaf stages) and frequency (two and three times) on morphological and physiological traits, yield and head quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. cv. Green Globe Improved) under a warm and semi-arid environment. Foliar application of GA(3) at the 4-leaf stage increased plant height across growing seasons. However, no significant differences between application dates were noticed in plant width, gas exchange and leaf area index when measured at the harvesting period. GA(3) application frequency (two or three) did not affect yield and head quality. Interestingly, foliar application of GA(3) at 8-leaf stage increased yield by 13%, chlorogenic acid by 19%, cynarin by 30% and total N by 20% compared to the application at 4-leaf stage. In both years, GA(3) applied at 8-leaf stage delayed the harvesting by 10 days when compared to plants that received GA(3) application at 4-leaf stage. Considering the increase in yield and head quality without negative effects in canopy morphology or leaf physiology two applications of GA(3) at the 8-leaf stage appears an effective crop management strategy for globe artichoke grown under warm climates.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of biochar on soil properties, heavy metal availability and uptake, and growth of summer squash grown in metal-contaminated soil

    Ibrahim, Ehab A.El-Sherbini, Mohamed A. A.Selim, El-Metwally M.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pollution of agricultural soil with heavy metals is a serious hazard to the environment and human health. The application of biochar can be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to reduce heavy metal bioavailability in contaminated soils and thus their uptake by plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of biochar (mango, Casuarina and Salix as feedstocks) at two application rates (2% and 4% w/w) on soil characteristics, heavy metal availability in soil and bioaccumulation in plants, as well as the growth of summer squash grown in highly polluted soil. The results indicated that the highest dry weight of root and shoot was recorded at the lowest application rate of Casuarina biochar followed by mango and Salix biochars. Compared to untreated soil, the adding of Casuarina biochar at 4% decreased the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by 25.7%, 52.1%, 12.1%, 32.3%, 31.0%, 85.0% and 25.2% in the root, and by 37.2%, 66.9%, 24.3%, 40.2%, 42.0%, 89.2% and 35.5% in the shoot, respectively. Casuarina biochar at 4% treatment was found to be the most effective in reducing the uptake of heavy metals by roots and shoots. Also, this treatment had the highest significant reductions in the availability of heavy metals over the untreated soil. The reductions in bioconcentration factor and translocation factor achieved with biochar application varied significantly for different types and rates of biochars. All biochar applications increased significantly soil pH, organic matter and electrical conductivity compared to untreated soil. It can be concluded that Casuarina biochar has great potential as a soil amendment for increasing the heavy metal immobilization, reducing the availability and plant uptake of heavy metals, and enhancing the growth of summer squash plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Analysis of mechanism regulating high total soluble solid content in the parthenocarpic tomato fruit induced by pat-k gene

    Fukudome, ChiakiTakisawa, RihitoNakano, RyoheiKusano, Miyako...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Total soluble solid (TSS) in tomatoes is an important trait that affects consumer's preference. Previous studies have observed high TSS content in parthenocarpic tomato fruits induced by a parthenocarpic gene, pat-k. However, the mechanisms regulating high TSS content remain unknown. Hence, we have investigated the water content, metabolites involved with high TSS content, and gene expression related to starch synthesis in tomato fruits to elucidate the mechanism regulating high TSS content. We have found that independent of fruit water content, parthenocarpic fruits induced by pat-k had higher TSS content than pollinated fruits on Pat-k homo-zygous plants. Additionally, metabolome analysis of mature fruits has revealed that fructose influenced the difference in TSS content between pollinated fruits on Pat-k homozygous plants and the parthenocarpic fruits on pat-k homozygous plants. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that not only fructose contents but also glucose contents were higher in the parthenocarpic fruits on pat-k homozy-gous plants than pollinated fruits on Pat-k homozygous plants, suggesting that increases in these sugar contents influenced the high TSS content in the pat-k-induced parthenocarpic fruits. We also have found that partheno-carpic fruits had high starch content and upregulated Sus4, which is involved in starch synthesis, during the early stages of fruit development. Since previous reports have suggested that high starch content during the early stages of fruit development attributed to high sugar content in mature tomato fruits, our results suggest that high accumulation of starch in young fruits could be involved with high TSS content in parthenocarpic fruits induced by pat-k.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Reduction of methoxypyrazines with 'vegetable-like' odors in grapes by foliar nitrogen application

    Cheng, XianghanWang, PanpanZhang, XiaoleiMa, Tingting...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The influences of foliar nitrogen fertilizers on methoxypyrazines and the correlation between methoxypyrazines and amino acids in Cabernet Sauvignon were studied in nitrogen-deficient soil. Foliar urea and phenylalanine fertilizers (U and P, respectively), and CK were applied three times during veraison. Field trials in 2018 and 2019 revealed that nitrogen fertilizers could effectively increase leucine, valine and isoleucine in grapes and P was more effective than U in 2018. P significantly decreased methoxypyrazines in grapes and wines, thanks to effectively lower expression of VvOMT1, VvOMT2, VvOMT3 and VvOMT4 than other treatments, while U resulted in the highest content of methoxypyrazines among all treatments, due to the higher genes expression. A correlation analysis found that there was little correlation between the methoxypyrazines composition and their amino acid precursors in grapes. Our findings reveal that foliar phenylalanine fertilizer had the highest potential to weaken vegetable-like odors in wines from a nitrogen-deficient vineyard.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Influence of vermicompost tea on secondary metabolite production in tomato crop

    Souffront, Daphne K. SuginoSalazar-Amoretti, DiegoJayachandran, Krishnaswamy
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The negative effects of synthetic agrochemicals have created strong incentives for the search of organic-based substitutes. One current alternative to the use of synthetic fertilizers is the use of vermicompost tea. In this study we investigate how vermicompost tea enhances pest resistance in crop plants. Four-hundred and thirty tomato plants were treated weekly with vermicompost tea mixtures ranging from 1:20 (5%), 1:10 (10%) and 1:5 (20%) of vermicompost and water (v/v). Physical data such as height, biomass, and yield were recorded. Additionally, leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed via GC/MS analysis to monitor secondary metabolite production changes across treatment groups. Results indicated that the addition of vermicompost tea improved growth parameters evaluated. Vermicompost tea also influenced secondary metabolite production. High concentration vermicompost tea altered the production and accumulation of terpenoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and alkanes. Improved physical structures and increased concentrations of monoterpenes, diterpenes and hydrocarbons from epicuticular waxes could explain enhanced pest resistance previously observed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier