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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Roles of ERF2 in apple fruit cuticular wax synthesis

    Sun YingjieZhang XinyueJiang YapingWang Jihan...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ethylene response factors 2 (ERF2) belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family and plays key roles in ethylene signal transduction. The roles of MdERF2 in apple (Malus x domestica) cuticular wax synthesis regulated by ethylene were studied in this work. Result shows that MdERF2 overexpression (ERF2-OE) up-regulated the expression levels of wax-related synthetic genes long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2 (MdLACS2), Wax synthase1 (MdWSD1), Eceriferum 4 (MdCER4) and Eceriferum 6 (MdCER6), while has no effect on the transcription of Eceriferum 1 (MdCER1), and shows different regulation effects on the expression levels of mid-chain alkane hydroxylase 1 (MdMAH1) between calli and fruit. Furthermore, different MdERF2 expression levels changed the apparent structure of the apple cuticular wax and positively regulated the total wax accumulation. ERF2-OE also increased alkane and alcohol production but decreased acid and ester contents. Thus, ethylene regulated the synthesis of apple cuticular wax at the transcriptional level through MdERF2, thereby altering the wax structure and composition.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bacillus butanolivorans KJ40 contributes alleviation of drought stress in pepper plants by modulating antioxidant and polyphenolic compounds

    Kim, Sang TaeYoo, Sung-JeWeon, Hang-YeonSong, Jaekyeong...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Drought causes severe economic losses by disturbing normal plant growth and productivity in agricultural systems. Plant-associated beneficial microorganisms have been studied to alleviate drought stress by inducing tolerance to stress. In this study, we investigated plant responses to drought stress by withholding irrigation water, as well as changes in polyphenol content, including flavonoids, in the fruits of Bacillus butanolivorans KJ40-treated pepper plants. When KJ40-treated plants were exposed to water stress by withholding water, lipid peroxidation significantly decreased, peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase were highly activated; meanwhile, catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased compared to control plants. Moreover, KJ40-treated plants strongly triggered drought tolerance-related genes, including Capsicum annuum dehydrin (Cadhn), small heat shock protein (sHSP), o1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), o1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), bZIP transcription factor 1 (bZIP1), lipoxygenase 1(LOX1), and coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1) under drought stress conditions. In a greenhouse test, soil moisture and stomatal conductance were highly maintained in KJ40-treated plants during drought. Two weeks after re-watering, fruit weight and number were higher than that of the untreated control. Differential accumulation and alteration of polyphenol contents, including flavonoids, were observed in fruits of KJ40-treated plants, and capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and naringenin were decreased. However, luteolin and catechin were increased compared to those of control plants. These findings indicate that B. butanolivorans KJ40 can alleviate drought stress and induce tolerance by activation of peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase and upregulation of gene expression of Cadhn, sHSP, proline (P5CS and P5CR)-, ABA (bZIP1 and NCED1)-, and JA (LOX1 and COI1)-related genes, as well as changing polyphenol content in KJ40-treated pepper plants under drought stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A plasma membrane aquaporin is potentially involved in moderating water stress and photosynthetic depression by sustaining water transport and CO2 uptake under high VPD stress conditions in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)

    Chen, XiaoluLi, YimanLi, YunzhouLi, Wei...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The molecular mechanism underlying the plant response to high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) stress remains unclear. In the present study, the roles of the plasma membrane aquaporin SlPIP1;2 in moderating plant water stress and photosynthetic depression in response to a series of VPD stress conditions are investigated. Plant water stress and photosynthetic depression are gradually exacerbated as VPD increases. The effects of SlPIP1;2 in mediating plant water status and photosynthesis are gradually enhanced as VPD increases. SlPIP1;2 exerts no significant effect on plant water status and photosynthesis under low VPD conditions. Overexpression of SlPIP1;2 moderates plant water stress by enhancing root water uptake under high VPD stress conditions, sustaining stomatal and mesophyll conductance for photosynthetic CO2 uptake and transport. Consequently, the relatively high CO2 availability inside chloroplasts in SlPIP1;2-overexpressing plants efficiently moderates photosynthetic depression under high VPD stress conditions. The present study demonstrates that SlPIP1;2 is potentially involved in moderating water stress and photosynthetic depression by sustaining water transport and CO(2 )uptake under high VPD stress conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The environmental impact of fresh tomatoes consumed in cities: A comparative LCA of long-distance transportation and local production

    Urbano, BeatrizBarquero, MarciaGonzalez-Andres, Fernando
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Eight scenarios of fresh tomato supply to urban citizens were analysed using a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) approach. Two of the scenarios corresponded to unheated greenhouses and a long distance transportation to the final consumer; four scenarios corresponded to zero-miles agriculture in a rural environment, including heated greenhouses, unheated greenhouses and open-field production; another two scenarios corresponded to Urban Agriculture (UA). The objective was to compare the environmental impacts of the production and transportation of tomatoes to the final consumer. Zero-miles production in heated greenhouses had the highest environmental impact (e.g. the Global Warming Potential GWP was 0.33 kg CO2 eq per kg of tomato), to such an extent that production in unheated greenhouses far away was comparatively better (GWP was 0.21 kg CO2 eq). Conversely, zero-miles production in the open-field was, environmentally, the best option with a GWP of 0.12 kg CO(2 )eq. Interestingly, the distance travelled by the product was less important than the efficiency of the transport. Other important environmental burdens were inefficient irrigation, chemical disinfection of the soil and the technological appliances used for micro-agriculture. As a consequence, the best zero-miles agriculture scenario was not the one where tomatoes were grown closest to the consumer's table, but the one that used the most efficient and less contaminating agronomic management and transport strategy. Thus, UA was not environmentally superior to zero-miles agriculture carried out in rural areas; conversely, rural horticulture helps to stabilize the population in regions suffering from depopulation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    FaPKc2.2 negatively modulates strawberry fruit ripening by reprograming the carbon metabolic pathway

    Sun, YujieLiu, XiaoyangWang, LiangxinHou, Guoyan...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Although the main contribution of pyruvate kinases in the energy providing and regulation of plant growth or seed development have been discovered, the potential roles of these enzymes in the fruit ripening process has not been well elucidated so far. In this study, a total of 53 pyruvate kinases (PKs) were identified in the genome of octoploid strawberry. Expression specificity in the fruit led to the identification of a cytosolic PK (FxaC_15g00080, namely FaPKc2.2), which was inhibited by both ABA and sucrose, either alone or synergisti-cally. It was expressed in both vegetative and reproductive organs. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that the FaPKc2.2 was a cytosolic PK. Transient overexpression of the FaPKc2.2 obviously inhibited the ripening of strawberry fruits. Biochemical and transcriptomic data further revealed that the upregulation of the FaPKc2.2 systematically reprogrammed metabolisms, mainly by channeling the main flux from carbon to amino-acid related nitrogen biomolecules. These results demonstrated the regulatory role of the FaPKc2.2 in the fruit ripening and highlighted the probability of utilizing the gene in strawberry fruit quality improvements.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Agro-morphological and molecular diversity analysis of new cytoplasmic male sterile lines in Indian cauliflower for their use in hybrid breeding

    Singh, ShrawanKalia, PritamMeena, Rahul KumarSharma, Brij Bihari...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cauliflower is a typical thermo-sensitive crop, highly responsive to heterosis for yield and stress tolerance. A diverse set comprising of 24 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, developed across different maturity groups of Indian cauliflower, using refined Ogura, Can(napus) and Tour sterile cytoplasms was studied to understand the morphometric and molecular changes. The established Ogura-based CMS line of '84 series' (in the nuclear background of snowball cauliflower) was used as an immediate source for conversion of fertile early-and mid-maturity groups lines. Observations on 18 agro-morphological traits revealed significant differences among the CMS lines, however they could not distinguish different CMS systems. The CMS system significantly reduced the floral traits (19) in almost all the transformed lines irrespective of the maturity group, however, the reduction was maximum in CMS line Tour(CMS 394-41-5) having Tour sterile cytoplasm. This CMS line had a peculiar feature of 'gripping phenomena' for the style which drastically reduced flower size and eventually seed yield. These CMS lines showed variation with 11 mtDNA markers and 36 genomic simple sequence repeats (gSSR), and of these, BnTR1 perfectly-identified Can(napus) and Tour CMS systems. This is the first detailed report on the extent of diversity observed in 24 new CMS lines developed using three diverse sterile cytoplasms in the nuclear background of different maturity groups of Indian cauliflower. The information will be of immense significance for immediate use in hybrid breeding and/or use as an immediate source of CMS trait for tropical cauliflowers in other regions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous trehalose alleviates chilling injury of 'Kim Ju' guava by modulating soluble sugar and energy metabolisms

    Vichaiya, ThanakornFaiyue, BualuangRotarayanont, SiriphornUthaibutra, Jamnong...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Changes in soluble sugars contribute to energy metabolism and membrane stability involved in cold acclimation of postharvest fruit. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of exogenous trehalose on soluble sugar and energy metabolisms in response to membrane stability and chilling injury (CI) of 'Kim Ju' guava fruit. Mature guava fruits were treated with 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 and 400 mM trehalose and stored at 8 degrees C for 14 d, followed by 4 d of shelf storage at 25 degrees C. Trehalose at 200 mM was the most effective in lowering CI while the fruit quality is still high. The trehalose-treated fruit exhibited a higher index of membrane stability and energy level accompanied by a rise in endogenous trehalose, sucrose, glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate levels but glucose and fructose levels were depressed. Moreover, trehalose treatment promoted the activities of sucrose synthetic enzyme including, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase (synthesis) as well as trehalose hydrolytic enzyme such as trehalase and glycolytic enzymes including, hexokinase, fructokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase and pyruvate kinase. On the other hand, trehalose treatment reduced the activities of sucrose hydrolytic enzymes such as sucrose synthase (cleavage) and invertase. The increase in enzyme activities and soluble sugar levels by trehalose treatment improved the energy status and membrane stability during cold storage which inhibited CI development of guava fruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Untangling the role of ethylene beyond fruit development and ripening: A physiological and molecular perspective focused on the Monilinia-peach interaction

    Vall-llaura, NuriaTorres, RosarioTeixido, NeusUsall, Josep...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：It is already well known that ethylene plays a crucial role in peach fruit growth and ripening, by triggering an unset of biochemical and physiological changes that finally make the fruit attractive for consumption. This said, ethylene is not only responsible for fruit ripening but, in conjunction with other hormones, or key compounds (ROS, polyamines, etc.) is involved in the plant response to numerous abiotic stresses (drought, salt and heat tolerance) as well as the plant/fruit response against certain pathogens. Among peaches, one of the most devastating pathogens is the brown rot causing fungus Monilinia spp. that can affect the fruit both on the field or postharvest. Nonetheless scarce information exists regarding the Monilinia-peach interaction from a physiological and molecular perspective. In this sense, recent studies point out to the importance of ethylene during such interaction, which seems to be dependent on the fruit developmental stage and also on the Monilinia species or even the strain's virulence. Why the fruit or the fungus reacts different to distinct Monilinia species or strains and why such reaction depends on the fruit physiological stage is, however, still elusive. Accordingly, this review aims to shed light on the role of ethylene, alone or through a complex cross-talk with other compounds, not only during peach development and ripening but also during the Monilinia-peach interaction. Based on the available literature, it is clear that not only ethylene biosynthesis but ethylene signaling and the activation of ethylene response factors via ROS may play an essential role during this specific host-pathogen interaction.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Folk floral preservatives extend postharvest longevity of Eustoma grandiflorum L.

    Fatima, KainatAhmad, IftikharDole, John M.Ahmad, Naveed...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum L.) is one of the most popular cut flowers worldwide due to its multi-flowered stems having single, semi-double and double rose-like flowers in a variety of colors. However, its postharvest life can be short if not handled properly. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various homemade folk floral preservative solutions applied as pulses or vase solutions on cut lisianthus stems. Both experiments were laid out individually in completely randomized design, with five replications of two stems each and evaluated in a vase life evaluation room set at 20 +/- 2 degrees C temperature and 50 +/- 10% of relative humidity along with 12 h of light from white fluorescent tubes. Results revealed significant differences among different pulsing treatments as 2% sucrose + 150 mg L-1 citric acid had longest vase life (10.3 days), whereas, 2% sucrose + 3 mL L-1 lime juice, 2% sucrose + 5% aloe vera gel, 2% sucrose + 30 mL L-1 moringa leaf extract (MLE) and 2% sucrose + 15 mL L-1 bleach had best flower quality (8.3) and were statistically similar. Moreover, (50:50) lemon/lime soda and water had highest water uptake (98 mL) and ion leakage (326.8%), whereas, 2% sucrose had highest (735 mu s cm(-1)) change in electric conductivity. Among vase treatments when compared to commercial solutions, Floralife Clear Professional Flower Food, Chrysal Clear Universal Flower Food and 2% sucrose + 4 mL L-1 lime juice had longest vase life (16.6, 15.9 and 15.7 days, respectively) and were statistically similar, whereas, highest microbial colonies (6.14 CFU mL(-1)) were observed in solution having 5% sucrose only and the lowest with the commercial solutions. In summary, lisianthus stems placed in vase treatments had longest vase life, while those pulsed ones had better visible quality and use of sugar with lemon/lime juice as a vase solution produced a similar vase life as commercial preservatives.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals that energy waste caused by transmembrane transport disruption accelerated the ripening and senescence of postharvest broccoli heads under high O-2 stress

    Zhang, YuxiaoChen, YingGuo, YanyinMa, Yangli...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ripening and senescence of horticultural products involve in different metabolic processes, but the under -standing of these processes at the proteomics level remains unknown. In this study, a proteomic technique was used for investigating the expression changes of proteins in broccoli heads under 5% O-2 + 5% CO2, 20% O-2 + 5% CO2 and 40% O-2 + 5% CO2 treatments. A total of 54 differentially expressed proteins (fold change >= 1.5) associating with ripening and senescence were identified. The results indicated that high O-2 treatment promoted the degradation of carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and protein, thereby providing more substrates for energy production, in turn, accelerated the biosynthesis of lipid, amino acid, and protein. However, high O-2 treatment disrupted vesicle and transmembrane transport and inhibited the transport of these metabolites to specific organelles, thereby resulting in energy waste in postharvest broccoli heads. Therefore, we concluded that energy waste caused by the damage of transmembrane transport might be responsible for broccoli head ripening and senescence under high O-2 stress. In summary, this study revealed a comprehensive and interacting metabolic network of postharvest broccoli head ripening and senescence under high O-2 stress, which could be used for the development of postharvest preservation technologies to control ripening and senescence of horticultural products.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier