Su, YanliGao, XiaomingZhang, XiangzhanYang, Jian...
8页
查看更多>>摘要：Flesh browning significantly affects the quality of fresh pear and causes great waste and commercial losses of pear products. However, the inheritance of genetic factors controlling flesh browning in pear remains largely unknown. In this study, a mapping population from a cross between the browning cultivar 'Mantianhong' and the nonbrowning cultivar 'Hongxiangsu' was utilized. The browning degree of pear flesh was evaluated in successive years in 2020 and 2021, and the results fit a normal distribution. Using the QTL mapping approach, the major quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with pear browning were identified on chromosome 2 (Chr 2), with a minor QTL on chromosome 17 (Chr 17). The QTL on Chr 2 showed a high confidence level (LOD > 10). In 2020, the interval length of the QTL was 48.301 cM, from 43.476 cM (LOD = 4.0) to 91.768 cM (LOD = 10.58), and contained 72 markers. The peak LOD value was 15.06, the percentage of total phenotypic variance explained was 49.98%, and the contribution rate was 65.6%. In 2021, the interval length of the QTL was 49.292 cM, from 43.476 cM (LOD = 4.68) to 92.768 cM (LOD = 6.32), and contained 76 markers. The peak LOD value was 13.77, the percentage of total phenotypic variance explained was 86.84%, and the contribution rate was 38.6%. To further delineate the QTL interval on Chr 2, 93 indel markers were designed for analysis, and 21 pairs showed polymorphism in the progeny. A total of 41 candidate genes were identified within the fine mapping QTL range on Chr 2. To further identify the candidate genes controlling flesh browning in pear, RNA-seq analysis was performed using three browning individuals and three nonbrowning individuals at three different times after cutting. The results showed that there were three candidate genes on Chr 2 and one candidate genes on Chr 17, and the expression levels of these four genes were analyzed. Gene expression analyses suggested that Pear_-GLEAN_10026026 (acyl-activating enzyme 1, peroxisomal) and Pear_GLEAN_10026027 (protein stritosidine synthase-like 5-like) may be involved in the regulation of pear flesh browning. Taken together, these findings will facilitate marker-assisted breeding for flesh browning in pear and provide a foundation for mining genes related to flesh browning.
Correia, Aressa de OliveiraAlexandre, Rodrigo SobreiraPfenning, Ludwig HeinrichCabanez, Patricia Alvarez...
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Passiflora mucronata Lam. offers a reservoir for the control of fusariosis in passion fruit. Fusariosis, a fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae and species of the Fusarium solani complex, can dramatically reduce productivity and lead to premature death of infected plants. This study aimed to assess the resistance of ten P. mucronata genotypes (G1 to G10) to F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae and F. solani isolates. Plants grown for 45 days in autoclaved soil, were inoculated with i) two separate F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae isolates, ii) a mixture of three F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae isolates, iii) two separate F. solani isolates, and iv) a mixture of seven F. solani isolates. The roots were immersed in a spore suspension for 60 min and plantlets were grown for 90 days. Inoculated plants of G2 and G5 exhibited the same growth and accumulation of shoot and root dry matter as non-inoculated plants, 100% survival, and no internal or external tissue damage, suggesting immunity to fusariosis. Genotype G9 grew normally in a disease-prone environment, suggesting horizontal resistance. These genotypes can be used as rootstocks for breeding of commercial passion fruit varieties, as they can be classified resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae and F. solani isolates.
查看更多>>摘要：Post harvest handling of flower crops is a vast sector witnessing the unprecedented load of chemicals being applied on flower commodities to retain their freshness and display quality. Concerns about unregulated use of synthetic chemicals are often not raised as the commodities in question are not consumed as eatables. Several studies from leading flower markets of Europe, Africa and other countries have highlighted the ill-effects of excessive chemical use on environment and health of flower workers. Nowadays, there is a growing concern to reduce the use of harmful chemicals in food crops and to divert towards organic production, and same also applies to the ornamental plant sector. Use of harmful chemicals such as Silverthiosulphate (STS), Silver nitrate (AgNO3), Aluminium and Cobalt compounds, Hydroxy quinoline, and Thiabendazole (TBZ) during post harvest handling of flower crops should be minimised to avoid associated health consequences. Safe and effective natural alternatives need to be explored for use in vases to replace these chemicals. This review summarizes role of different chemicals in extending longevity of cut flowers and also associated risks. Various studies on cut flower handling with use of herbal extracts reveal their potential to reduce the use of chemicals.
查看更多>>摘要：A 90-day experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar potassium application with aquaculture wastewater on the growth performance of okra and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in a media-based recirculating aquaponic system. A completely randomized design (CRD) in triplicates was followed with a fish to plant ratio of 4.7 kg/m(3): 6 okra plants per tank. The potassium dosages of 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/L were applied twice a month in control, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The water quality parameters remained within the favorable limit for aquaponic production. The results showed that the overall growth of okra viz., plant height, leaf number, length, and width was significantly higher in the treatments, particularly in T3 and T4 compared to other treatments and the control. The treatment T4 showed the significantly highest yield (31.26 +/- 0.78 g/plant) compared to the control (7.25 +/- 1.30 g/plant). The okra yield, pod number per plant, and average weight per pod were significantly influenced by potassium dosage with the highest value observed in T3 (4 g/L) and T4 (5 g/L). The potassium dosage also impacted the branching pattern of okra with the highest number of branches observed in plants sprayed with 4 g/L (T3) and 5 g/L (T4) while control showed no branching. The proximate and mineral composition showed significantly higher crude protein (13.57 +/- 0.32%) and potassium content (2306.70 +/- 37.76 mg/100 g) in okra pods in T4; while potassium and sulfur content of leaves was found to increase with the increased dosage of potassium application. The fish growth, hematological and antioxidant enzymes parameters showed no significant difference in all the treatments and control. The present study recommends a 5 g/L foliar potassium dosage to enhance okra growth and yield without impairing fish growth performance in okra-P. hypophthalmus aquaponics.
查看更多>>摘要：Even though abscisic acid (ABA) plays a significant role in fruit growth and responses to a variety of environmental stimuli, the signaling mechanisms that underpin these activities are unknown. role. In present study, we identified seven sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) from the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genome, which may localized in the nucleus, membrane, and cytoplasm. The overexpression (OE) of VvSnRK2s showed that VvSnRK2.2 and VvSnRK2.7 promoted the ripening process in strawberries on molecular and physiological levels (fruit weight, berry firmness, cell wall composition, total soluble sugar, titratable acid, pigments, phenolic compounds), furthermore, VvSnRK2.3 and VvSnRK2.6 induced strong resistance in strawberry fruits to B. cinerea. Only VvSnRK2.2 and VvSnRK2.7 were found to interact with VvMYB24, a positive regulator of grape berry ripening. Additionally, VvSnRK2s interact with VvABF1 (an ABA-responsive factor) and VvABI1 (ABA insensitive 1) to mediate the ABA signalling pathway. VvSnRK2s respond to different hormonal treatments and abiotic stresses to improve plant stress resistance. Collectively, our results demonstrated that VvSnRK2.2 and VvSnRK2.7 are positive regulators grape berry development and ripening, while, VvSnRK2.3 and VvSnRK2.6 mediate grape resistance against B. cinerea.
查看更多>>摘要：Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments applied to shoot apical meristematic tissue prior to or simultaneously with the start of short day photoinduction stimulated flower set of Humulus lupulus L. (hop) cultivar 'Centennial'. Applications during the vegetative phase change resulted in the largest flower set promotion. GA3 dosage and time of application relative to the start of the photoinductive period also influenced flower set stimulation. GA3 applied post photoperiod induction resulted in less flowering promotion and more cell expansion. The results show, for the first time, a GA3 flower stimulation relationship that encompasses tissue and bine development, rate-of-application, vegetative phase change, and photoinduction timing. This study provides a protocol for efficient application of GA3 to enhance hop flower set, which may be relevant for future studies that reexamine exogenous GA3 flowering control in commercial hop production.
查看更多>>摘要：Dairy manure is often readily available in the area where the processed red raspberry industry is concentrated. The successful transformation of raw dairy manure waste to a valuable organic-derived fertilizer could alleviate environment threats and provide multiple soil health benefits. The value of raw dairy manure could be enhanced through new technologies that composts, blends, and pelletizes manure into a concentrated form. However, the potential benefits of this alternative manure-derived fertilizer have not been characterized in any commercial crop. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effects of composted, blended, and pelletized manure (i.e., CBP) on raspberry growth and production. Treatments of urea and CBP fertilizers blended with 10% and 20% (w/w) canola meal were surface applied at low and high rates (56 and 90 kg N ha(-1), respectively) to an established 'Meeker' raspberry field 2020 and 2021 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant growth and productivity variables were analyzed. The utilization of CBP with 20% or 10% canola meal enhanced fruit weight and leaf magnesium concentration compared to urea, respectively. CBP fertilizers decreased leaf manganese concentration more than urea. There were no other fertilizer source treatment effects for all other measured variables. Additionally, there were no fertilizer rate effects for total yield, fruit quality, plant growth, and leaf nutrient concentrations. Based on the results, CBP fertilizer did not compromise plant growth and productivity relative to urea and could be an alternative to conventional fertilizer .
查看更多>>摘要：Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes severe losses of postharvest pepper fruit. Moreover, this fungus is indiscriminate, causing severe disease in a variety of plant species, thus isolation and identification of the individual strains are crucial for the development of strain specific antifungal agents. In this study, B. cinerea was isolated from naturally infected green pepper fruit and identified through morphological features, pathogenic symptoms and rDNA-ITS analysis. The antifungal potential of the food additive sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and plant natural product trans-2-hexenal (TH) against the isolated pathogen was then examined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis matched the isolated strain to B. cinerea strains previously isolated from infected sweet pepper in Pakistan, and homology alignment analysis showed that it was 100% homologous to strain NRCB07. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that both SD and TH treatments strongly inhibited the growth of the isolated B. cinerea, SD had a concentration dependent effect, while TH had an obvious antifungal effect only at higher concentrations. Both SD and TH limited the progression of gray mold disease and reduced the weight loss and respiration rate of inoculated green peppers. Treated pepper retained higher levels of Vc, chlorophyll and total soluble solids. SD and TH also enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD and CAT of pepper, which may be directly responsible for the delayed onset of gray mold disease. Taken together, these results suggest that SD and TH are potential antifungal agents against B. cinerea and can be considered for the health control of gray mold in postharvest green peppers.
Sharma, SwatiChaurasia, S. N. S.Singh, JagdishTiwari, Shailesh...
7页
查看更多>>摘要：Eggplant is a valuable commercial vegetable widely consumed due to its unique meaty taste and nutritional and functional properties. The present investigation was done with the aim to assess the bioactive properties and enzymatic activities in twenty three different long and round type eggplant genotypes to ascertain their amenability for processable traits. The eggplants were harvested at commercial maturity stage and assessed for total phenolics content, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity and browning related enzymatic activities (poly phenol oxidase and peroxidase). The results indicated that there were significant dissimilarities among all genotypes with regard to their functional compounds content and browning enzyme activities. The biochemical screening showed maximum phenolics content in Kashi Taru (81.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight) which was about 4.0-fold higher than IVBL-23 (19.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight). Additionally, total flavonoids content varied from 1.86 (IVBHL-UT-6 and IVBHR-18) to 5.83 mg rutin equivalent/100 g fresh weight (IVBHL-UT-1). The total antioxidant capacity among different eggplant cultivars varied by about 1.3-fold. These findings are useful for pre-breeding parental selection and assorting genotypes for higher antioxidant capacity and processable traits. About 3.5-fold variation in browning enzymatic activity clearly indicates the scope for selecting cultivars with lesser flesh browning and thus, higher suitability for processing particularly for development of products like eggplant extract, dips or dried flakes.
Sugita, Nicolas HitoshiHerrera, Melanie Desiree GomezMarano, Roberto PauloLuaces, Paula Alayon...
8页
查看更多>>摘要：The objectives of this work are to evaluate the water status and growth variables of pineapple plants under different frequencies of irrigation to optimize the water productivity irrigation in greenhouse conditions in the subtropics. The experiment was conducted during the vegetative cycle for nine months, comparing three frequencies of irrigation: irrigation every three days (High frequency-T1), every seven days (Medium frequency-T2), and every 15 days (Low frequency-T3). The water status was measured using destructive indicators: Relative Water Content (RWC) and non-destructive indicators: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Stress Degree Day (SDD), and Leaf Chlorophyll Index (LCI). Water productivity indicators (Irrigated water productivity, crop water productivity) and growth variables (plant height, maximum diameter, plant biomass, assimilate partitioning) were also measured. The environmental conditions monitored were temperature, humidity, and incident radiation. The soil moisture depletion and daily depletion rate were also registered and calculated. Destructive indicators of water status did not detect differences between irrigation treatments in this study, while non-destructive indicators statistically differentiated T1 from T3. T2 was the most appropriate irrigation treatment during the cold season. These results suggest that in greenhouse conditions in subtropical environments, a combination of high frequencies in warm seasons and medium frequencies in cold seasons would adjust irrigation management according to the pineapple crop needs, optimizing irrigation water productivity.
NSTL
Elsevier