查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee (Tumorous stem mustard) is a specific vegetable in China. Its tumorous stem can be consumed as fresh vegetable or produced pickle. In practice, early-bolting happens in around 15%, which inhibits B. juncea industry development. SPL is a plant specific transcription factor, plays important roles in flowering and gibberellins (GA) signaling. qRT-PCR assay found that BjuSPL10c was expressed at a high level in flowers and reproductive stage. To explore interactive proteins, BjuSPL10c was used as bait, finally seven proteins were screened and they are BjuB025567, BjuA041065, BjuB033332, BjuA045694, BjuA027365, BjuA031237 and BjuA005619. Further study confirmed that six of those proteins interacted with BjuSPL10c in vivo. qRT-PCR was conducted to understand mRNA expression levels of these six proteins in different tissues and development stages. The results showed that compared with root, mRNAs for all of these six genes were down-regulated in flowers. For different developmental stages, BjuB025567 and BjuA005619 were up-regulated at vegetative stage, down-regulated at reproductive stage; BjuB033332, BjuA045694 and BjuA031237 were significantly up-regulated at both vegetative and reproductive stages; BjuA041065 was showed “down-up-down” expression pattern. Taking all results together, BjuB025567, BjuA041065, BjuB033332, BjuA045694 and BjuA031237 may participate in flowering time regulation through interacting with BjuSPL10c in B. juncea.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Sustainable production in soilless cultivation systems may be achieved by using recycled organic materials as constituents of growing media (GM) and as organic fertilizers. Synchronizing nutrient releases from organic fertilizer mineralization with plant needs in containerized production is difficult to manage for greenhouse growers. This is further amplified by the diversification of GM constituents, driving microbial activities. We aimed to evaluate how the plant can adapt its nutrition to different organic fertilization strategies and ensure its growth depending on the GM and organic fertilizer types. Ocimum basilicum L. was grown for 60 days in a greenhouse in pots filled with three different GM: 100% peat (Peat); 70% peat and 30% coir fiber (GM1); and 50% coir pith, 25% composted bark, 25% wood fiber (GM2). Two contrasted organic fertilizers were used (horn and a granular fertilizer), mixed to the GM, localized in the pot, or combined with Bacillus sp. inoculation as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Standard mineral fertilization mixed to the GM was also used as a control treatment. We investigated basil growth (height, biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll and flavonol contents) as well as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies, from their uptake by the roots to their allocation to the plant organs. Basil performances were mainly affected by the GM type. Peat provided optimal conditions for plant development. In GM1, basil maximized the utilization of available N and P taken up from the GM and reached the highest biomass production. Basil performances were especially low when it was grown on GM2 because of a strong competition for N between microbes and the roots. The fertilizer type, its localization and PGPR inoculation did not affect basil growth or nutrition in peat; these treatments had only little effect on basil grown on GM1 and GM2, and affected its performances differently depending on the GM type. This study provides evidence that fertilization must be thoughtfully managed depending on the GM in organically fertilized systems.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied to identify the metabolic differences in trehalose-treated and -untreated peach fruit during storage at 5°C in this study. Forty-one metabolites were identified using NMR; trehalose-treated peaches had higher sucrose, proline, and choline content, and lower glucose, fructose and gluconic acid content. These metabolic changes were accompanied by lower levels of chilling injury (CI). Trehalose-treated fruit had lower levels PpSnRK1 expression, resulting in lower sucrose decomposition and higher sucrose synthesis. We suggest that accumulated sucrose in trehalose-treated peaches is associated with the decrease in expression of PpSnRK1 and increases in the expression and activity of the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). This probably results in the improvement of chilling resistance in peach fruit.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Some olive cultivars and production regions around the world, although they may provide good quality olive oils, may not comply with the current commercial regulations establishing acceptable levels of sterols in extra virgin olive oils. The present study was driven by the hypothesis that olive growing environments, differing in thermal regime conditions, affect squalene and sterol contents of olive fruits. On the basis of differences in agronomic characteristics and oil composition, two olive cultivars (Arbequina and Coratina) were selected and sampled at different fruit development stages. Various models were examined to look for relationships between environmental thermal records and chemical parameters; those including the accumulated thermal time (ATT) and minimum temperatures showed the best fit. In both cultivars, the total and individual sterol contents were positively associated with ATT over all the fruit development and ripening period considered. In all cases, the data from Arbequina fit the models better than for Coratina and differences between cultivars in individual sterol contents were greater in the warmest growing environments. Overall, findings indicated a strong impact of the growing environment on squalene and sterol contents. Such an effect was associated with specific thermal characteristics of the olive growing sites; concentrations were found to be higher in the warmer northernmost sites than in the cooler southernmost ones. There was also an effect of the cultivar, particularly on the contents of β-sitosterol, campesterol and total sterols. These latter results suggest greater sensitivity of sterol metabolism to temperature in cv. Arbequina.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Capacity of mango tree to withstand drought (absence of soil moisture) can be attributed to stress resilient physiological processes inside the cell and also at whole plant level. To test this hypothesis, photosynthetic traits were recorded over the period of time. Further, desiccation tolerance of photosystem II (PSII) in excised mango leaves were measured by employing chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. Beside this, the capacity of mango tree to keep its canopy cool was monitored in every 10 min interval throughout the day during dry and rainy season in the field by employing thermal imaging system. Finally, phenomics platform was used to monitor depletion of tissue moisture level as well as changes in structural attributes during desiccation in excised shoots of the tree. It was inferred that mango tree can maintain its carboxylation efficiency over the period of time. IR studies confirmed that mango tree maintained its canopy coolness during dry season. In addition, the chlorophyll fluorescence experiments revealed that mango leaves retained 50% of initial PSII efficiency for as many as 4 days after desiccation and chlorophyll fluorogram also depicted the observations. Phenomics studies concluded that mango twig retained tissue water content even up to the 164 h of desiccation with gradual decrease in canopy area. Hence, it is interpreted that these physiological resilience are amongst the various reasons for evergreen feature of mango tree which has tendency to survive severe soil moisture deficit particularly during the summer in tropical and subtropical regions, which has been revealed for first time using phenomics platform.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rachis degreening is one of the main problems during postharvest storage of grape, its regulatory mechanism remains obscure. Here, we found that production of ethylene was increased and chlorophyll content was decreased during rachis degreening of Shine Muscat grape, while the reverse were observed after 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) treatment. The ethylene transcription factor VvERF95 was isolated, and its transcriptional changes were closely correlated with chlorophyll content during rachis browning. The expression of VvERF95 was induced by ethylene and inhibited by 1-MCP. Dual-luciferase, yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays, as well as motif mutation experiments, indicated that VvERF95 can bind to the promoter of pheophorbide a oxygenase (VvPAO1) and upregulate its transcript levels. Overexpression of VvERF95 in grape lead to chlorophyll degradation in grape leaves, and increases in the transcript levels of VvPAO1 and most genes in the chlorophyll degradation pathway. Collectively, our findings decipher the mechanism of ethylene-enhanced chlorophyll degradation in grape, and will be useful for manipulating chlorophyll accumulation in grape and other plants.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Abscisic acid (ABA) is a signaling phytohormone in plants to improve stress adaption under harsh environments. ABA is sensed by the pyrabactin resistance1/PYR1-like/regulatory components of the ABA receptor (PYR1/PYL/RCAR) (named PYLs) and is the core regulator of ABA stress signaling. ABA receptor PYL gene family have been well studied in rubber tree, apple, Theobroma cacao, Ricinus communis, and Vitis vinifera. We first revealed the genome-wide comprehensive analysis to classify the PYL genes in the L. chinense. This study highlighted the seven LchiPYL genes in the L. chinense genome. The detailed investigations about gene structure variations, chromosomal distributions, phylogenetic tree, 3D structure, motif analysis, cis-regulatory elements, subcellular location, and expression profiles in buds and stress responses were carried out in this article. Phylogenetic tree analysis exploited that the seven LchiPYL genes were divided into four groups (Group I–IV) from L. chinense, and three were highly linked with other species. By analyzing the cis-elements in the promoters, we identified five hormones-, six stress-, three growth and biological process, and two metabolic-related responsive elements. The expression analysis showed that all seven genes were up-and down-regulated against response to ABA, photoperiod, chilling, and chilling + photoperiod treatments. Our findings opened up new future research directions and provided insight into the PYL family genes in Liriodendron chinense.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In the present study, the protocol of polyploid induction via somatic embryogenesis of the Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) (2n = 2x = 24) was developed. Ex vitro leaf explants were disinfected with AgNPs at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 g/L for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L Kin for somatic embryogenesis. Globular embryos induced from the leaf explants were treated with colchicine by immersed method at different concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% for 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. Then, these embryos were cultured on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L Kin for secondary embryos induction. The ploidy level was identified by counting chromosomes of the root tip of plantlets derived from these secondary embryos. The results showed that the survival rate and somatic embryo induction the highest (65.56% and 29.89%, respectively) at 0.2 g/L AgNPs for 20 min. For colchicine treatment, the increase in the concentration and exposure time of colchicine decreased the survival rate of explants and the number of secondary embryos but increased the abnormal secondary embryo formation. Identifying the ploidy level showed that the treatments with colchicine concentrations from 0.3% to 0.5% for 48 h lead to tetraploid induction rates from 22.22% to 25.92%. The results also revealed that the tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48) had larger stomatal size, lower stomatal density, denser stomatal chloroplast density, and better growth than did the diploids.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cold stress inhibits growth, reduces productivity and deteriorates fruit quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). It is thus of critical importance to elucidate the mechanisms by which tomato plants respond to cold stress. Jasmonates (JAs) are a group of phytohormones crucial for plant growth, development and stress responses. However, the role of JA and the mode of actions in the cold response in tomato plants remain largely unknown. Here, we report a JA-responsive glutathione S-transferase gene SlGSTU24 that functions to alleviate cold stress in tomato. We found that SlGSTU24 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues and was responsive to both JA and cold stress. Knockdown of SlGSTU24 via an approach of VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) aggravated cold-induced damages, as evidenced by enhanced ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) accumulation, MDA (malondialdehyde) content and electrolyte leakage. Application of MeJA prominently increased the expression of SlGSTU24, with concomitant decreases in MDA content as well as electrolyte leakage in tomato leaves under cold conditions. In contrast, blocking JA biosynthesis using DIECA dramatically suppressed the expression of SlGSTU24 and elevated MDA content and electrolyte leakage. Furthermore, JA-regulated SlGSTU24 expression was dependent on SlMYC2, a crucial regulator of JA signaling pathway. Knockdown of SlMYC2 profoundly decreased the expression of SlGSTU24, accompanied by enhanced MDA content and electrolyte leakage under cold conditions. Dual-luciferase assay showed that SlMYC2 activates the expression of SlGSTU24 in tobacco leaves. Collectively, these results support that JA-upregulated SlGSTU24 attenuates cold-induced oxidative stress in tomato. This study uncovers a crucial module MYC2-SlGSTU24 that maintains ROS homeostasis in tomato under cold conditions.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Large-scale use of chemical fertilizers has brought about environmental pollution and raised food safety issues besides increasing the cost of production. The present study focused on using natural minerals inoculated with nutrient mobilizing microorganism so-called bio-mineral fertilizer to partially substitute chemical fertilizers dose. Two years of field trials and a pot culture experiment were carried out with pomegranate to look into the possibility of bio-mineral fertilizer use in saving phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) chemical fertilizers application and in improving soil fertility, tree nutrition, and fruit quality. Results manifested that application of bio-mineral fertilizer significantly enhanced available nitrogen (N), P, and K content of soil and also improved concentration of P, K, magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) in the tree foliage. As a consequence, higher fruit yield with perceptible improvement in quality attributes viz. aril percent, 100 arils test weight, juice acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, anthocyanin concentration was observed in bio-mineral treated trees. The highest yield (73.97% increase over control) was recorded with the application of 150 g tree?1 bio-mineral fertilizer which was equivalent to the yield obtained with the recommended dose of P and K chemical fertilizers. In addition, the application of bio-mineral fertilizer led to improvement in the nutritional quality of fruit and also soil microbial environment as indicated by higher microbial biomass carbon and enzymes activities. So, the results indicate that Penicillium pinophilum based bio-mineral fertilizer may be recommended to supplement P and K requirement of pomegranate tree and get maximum benefits in terms of yield, quality, and production cost savings.
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