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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    1-methylcyclopropylene or methyl jasmonate-induced chilling tolerance in a stony hard peach cultivar

    Huan C.Zheng X.Wang L.Yang X....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Chilling injury (CI) is a severe problem for peach fruit during cold storage. Application of 1-methylcyclopropylene (1-MCP) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA),can alleviate CI in melting flesh peach fruit. However, no information was available about 1-MCP or MeJA on chilling tolerance in stony hard peach fruit and their regulatory mechanisms. In this study, the effects of 10 μmol L?1 1-MCP or 10 μmol L?1 MeJA treatment on CI development, sucrose metabolism, and energy metabolism in stony hard peach fruit cv. ‘Yingshuanghong’ (YSH) were investigated during cold storage. The results showed that 10 μmol L?1 1-MCP or MeJA significantly inhibited the CI index, while MeJA was more effective. Also, both 1-MCP and MeJA treatments had a noticeable impact on energy and sucrose metabolisms. However, 1-MCP treatment was more effective in maintaining a stable and high energy status during cold storage, which might be contributed to alleviating CI. In contrast, MeJA treatment was more effective in regulating sucrose metabolism via activating sucrose synthesis and suppressing sucrose degradation at both the enzymatic and the transcript levels, which might play a crucial role in MeJA-induced cold tolerance. In general, ‘the 1-MCP or MeJA-induced chilling tolerance in stony hard peach fruit cv. ‘YSH’ was attributed to the activation of sucrose and mitochondrial energy metabolisms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Complementary transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis reveal the molecular mechanisms of EGCG3″Me biosynthesis in Camellia sinensis

    Luo Y.Huang X.Yu S.Chen S....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me), naturally occurring in specific tea plant cultivars, is famous for its decent bioavailability and antiallergic activity. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of EGCG3″Me biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation in tea leaves, we combined multi-omics data from three tea plant cultivars (Fuding Dabaicha, FD; Mingke 1 (Jinguanyin), JGY; and Jinmudan, JMD). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that EGCG3″Me content was highest in JMD (7.78 mg/g), moderate in JGY (3.12 mg/g), and lowest in FD (0 mg/g), which was similar to the results of the non-targeted metabolic analysis. The high level of EGCG3″Me in JMD was concomitant with high levels of monomeric and polymerized catechin derivatives, but low levels of flavonols, flavones, and their glycosides, which was consistent with the expression levels of most catechin/flavonoid biosynthetic genes. Among them, the expression level of the CCoAOMT gene in the three tea plant cultivars was positively associated with the relative content of EGCG3″Me. Further verification revealed that CCoAOMT protein could directly catalyze the formation of EGCG3″Me. We further identified 38 transcription factors from transcriptome as promising regulatory candidates for regulating CCoAOMT gene expression in tea leaves. These findings provide an essential foundation for further research on the biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of O-methylated catechins in tea leaves.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative transcriptomic analysis of powdery mildew resistant and susceptible melon inbred lines to identify the genes involved in the response to Podosphaera xanthii infection

    Cao Y.Diao Q.Lu S.Zhang Y....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Powdery mildew (PM) is a major fungal disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii or Golovinomyces cichoracearum in melons worldwide. However, the genes and mechanism involved in the resistance to PM in melon have not yet been elucidated. In this study, RNA-seq analysis of melon between a resistant (wm-6) inbred line and a susceptible (12D-1) inbred line was conducted under infected and control conditions. A total of 3000 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 1526 DEGs between the two lines under the controlled conditions, suggesting a significant difference in the basal gene expressions between them. Additionally, our results indicated that: (1) the active response of 12D-1 to P. xanthii infection significantly differed from that of wm-6; (2) the regulatory network of 12D-1 in response to P. xanthii infection was more complex and diverse than that of wm-6; (3) the pathways related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the DEGs that encode glucan endo-1,3-beta- glucosidases and cytochrome P450 proteins may play important roles in the resistance of P. xanthii infection; (4) the peroxidase (POD) activities were induced in the two lines by upregulating the expression of different POD genes during PM infection. These results will not only provide new insights into molecular resistance mechanisms against PM infection but may also provide us with a new gene pool for breeding PM-resistant melon varieties.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on grapevine sap flow and water consumption characteristics

    Fu S.Wei X.Wang T.Bai Y....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the sap flow characteristics and water consumption characteristics of grapevines in solar greenhouse of Northeast China. Setting three irrigation levels: the upper and lower limits of W1–W3 irrigation controls were 50% θf and 90% θf, 60% θf and 90% θf, and 70% θf and 90% θf, respectively, where θf (field water holding capacity) = 23% cm3 cm?3. Three fertilization levels were treated: low fertilizer F1 (60% CK), medium fertilizer F2 (75% CK), and high fertilizer F3 (90% CK). A control treatment (CK) was set up, and the upper and lower limits of CK irrigation control were 80% θf and 90% θf, respectively. The fertilization amount was N-P2O5-K2O = 260-119-485 kg ha?1, with a total of 10 treatments. Through the dynamic monitoring and systematic analysis of sap flow rate (SFR) and water consumption process of grapevines for three consecutive years (2017–2019), the results show that during the entire growth period, the daily SFR of grapevines treated with different water and fertilizer showed a single peak or multi peak trend and an obvious seasonal variability. Compared with different water and fertilizer treatments, CK inhibited the peak value of sap flow, and the maximum decrease was by 21.80%. Under different irrigation and fertilization levels, SFR was positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and air temperature (Ta); and the influence of meteorological factors on SFR reached a significant level (P < 0.05). The degree of influence was PAR, VPD, and Ta, respectively. The three-year water consumption fluctuated in the range of 191.42–376.22 mm. The ratio of plant transpiration (Tr) to ET was 70.89–86.15%. The results reveal the transpiration and physiological process of protected fruit trees, and the water consumption characteristics under different water and fertilizer treatments. This is helpful in improving tree irrigation and fertilization models in different areas with similar environmental conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of morphology, nutrients, phytochemistry and pigments suggests the optimum harvest date for high-quality quinoa leafy vegetable

    Shi Z.Wan Y.Zhou M.Gong X....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Consumed as a leafy vegetable, quinoa has high value for its unique nutritional and functional composition; however, optimal harvesting time is unknown. Leafy green quinoa was evaluated for morphological traits, nutritional content, phytochemical composition and pigments at eight different harvesting dates. Harvesting time had a significant influence on morphological traits. Leafy green quinoa picked at 55 days after sowing (DAS) was highest with thickest stem, largest leaf number and leaf area, and heaviest leaf yield. Nutritional composition—reducing sugar, crude fat, ash, minerals, and amino acids—varied with harvesting time. Fat content decreased as the harvest date was delayed, quinoa vegetable harvesting at 25 DAS had highest contents of K, Ca, acidic amino acids (AAA), and neutral amino acids (NAA), while harvesting at 45 DAS had highest contents of ash and Ca. Phytochemical composition—total flavonoids (TF), total phenolics (TP), and total saponin (TS) content—were different among harvesting time. Maximum contents of β-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were harvested at 25 DAS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and relationship analysis showed that late harvest (50-55 DAS) was beneficial for yield formation of quinoa vegetables with higher plant, thicker stem, more leaf numbers, larger leaf area and higher leaf yield as well as higher contents of TP, TS and Mg. Earlier medium harvest (25-35 DAS) was suggested to harvest quinoa vegetables with higher contents of AAA, BAA, HAA, NAA, K, β-carotene, lycopene, and reducing sugar. For the purpose of ash and Ca, later medium harvest (40-45 DAS) was recommended. To pursue higher contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, TS, fat and Cu, earliest harvest (20 DAS) was recommended. Overall, 25 DAS might be considered the best time for harvesting high-quality leafy green quinoa for commercial purposes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Application of automated image colour analyses for the early-prediction of strawberry development and quality.

    Wise K.Selby-Pham J.Wedding T.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Labour and production costs are considered major production challenges for strawberry (Fragaria sp.) farmers, due to the reliance on manual harvesting methods. Automation has been proposed as a desirable solution, in particular robotic-driven harvesting with in-built decision making for determination of fruit ripeness and early-prediction of harvest timing and conformity to industry quality parameters (fruit weight and length). To support the development of these automated processes, the work presented herein explored the capacity to utilise automated image analysis for the prediction of strawberry quality measures. This involved the hydroponic growth of strawberry plants under controlled conditions and the daily collection of photographs of individual flowers and fruit. Machine learning (ML)-driven image colour extraction from the collected 1685 strawberry images utilised object detection to identify flowers and fruit within images, followed by cropping and counting of remaining image pixels, which were assigned based on pixel RGB to one of 10 pre-defined groups: achromatic, blue, cyan, green, orange, pink, purple, red, white, and yellow. These colour measures were utilised as inputs for general regression with 10-fold cross-validation to generate 3 models: for the prediction of current-state fruit developmental stage (R2 = 0.9071), current-state fruit length (R2 = 0.8565), and days remaining until harvest (R2 = 0.8694). Additionally, current-state fruit development stage and current-state length were utilised as inputs for general regression with 10-fold cross-validation to develop predictive models for the endpoint (harvest) key quality measures: fruit harvest-length (R2 = 0.8817) and fruit harvest-weight (R2 = 0.7252). Noting that days to harvest could be accurately predicted up to 15 days prior to harvest, and the harvest quality measures could be accurately predicted up to 22 days prior to harvest, the models presented herein may be utilised to increase automation and thereby improve efficiency in the scheduling of harvesting and quality control of strawberry farming.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Some biochemical changes and transcriptome analysis associated with ‘Queen’ pineapple fruit blackheart development

    Wei X.Su Y.Liu R.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Blackheart (BH) disease is a major problem of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. ‘Comte de Paris’) during storage. In this paper, physiological and molecular responses to the blackheart (BH) disease of pineapple were determined during storage at room temperature (25 ℃). The results showed that the BH development of pineapple was accompanied by an increased rate of superoxide free radical (O2??) production, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced the antioxidant enzymes activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and decreased amount of ascorbic acid (AsA) in flesh (F), flesh adjacent to the core (F/C) and core (C) tissues of pineapple. Meanwhile, a transcriptome analysis identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with BH development. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in ribosome and the down-regulated DEGs were mainly related to the starch and sucrose metabolism. These results provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of pineapple BH.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Delaying the decline of germination ability of pecan pollen by yeast Pichia fermentans 15B1

    Zhou J.Qi Q.Jin Q.Peng H....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Microorganisms may be critical to the final outcome of pollination, but there are few studies on the effects of microorganisms on pollination process, especially the direct effects of microorganisms on pollen germination after pollination. Studies have shown that yeast can inhibit pollen germination regardless of in vitro germination and stigma germination, while bacteria like Acinetobacter pollinis can promote pollen germination. Pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) is a kind of wind-pollinated hybrid plant and the in vitro germination system of pecan pollen is well-established. In this paper, pecan pollen was used to reveal the special influence of yeast microorganisms on the pollen germination. It is well known that storage at room temperature will usually lead to a decrease in pollen viability and the study here showed that the germination ability of pecan pollen decreased by about 19.0% after two-day storage at room temperature. Although the culture of Pichia fermentans Lodder (strain 15B1) had no significant effect on the in vitro germination of pecan pollen without storage at room temperature, it could significantly improve the germination ability of pecan pollen after two-day storage at room temperature, with an average increase of 33.6%. It proved that the group with supernatant part of whole strain culture had the strongest promotion effect on pollen germination including pollen germination rate and pollen tube length among the whole strain culture, supernatant part and precipitation part, indicating that the pollen germination was mainly promoted by extracellular substances of strain rather than strain 15B1 itself. This promoting effect was more like a recovery of the lost germination ability of pecan pollen due to room temperature. Further experiments showed that the extracellular substances of strain 15B1 had good thermal stability. This study is of great significance to explore the biological role of microorganisms in pollination, and also provides an important idea for improving fruit pollination by microbial ways.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Reproductive biology of Butia capitata (Arecaceae) under cultivation - indicators for the domestication of a threatened fruit tree

    Dias W.P.A.Lopes P.S.N.Fonseca R.S.Goncalves A.P....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Butia capitata is a netropical palm that has ecological and economic importance but is threatened by deforestation. The domestication of the species would contribute to its conservation and to income generation. However, there are gaps in knowledge about the phenology, floral biology and pollination of B. capitata and information on these topics is crucial to support breeding programs. We describe here the phenology and reproductive biology of B. capitata under cultivation and evaluated the storage potential of its pollen. Phenological and morphological evaluations of inflorescence and fruit development were carried out during both the rainy and dry seasons, the dynamics of anthesis and stigmatic receptivity were monitored and the reproductive system was experimentally evaluated. Pollen grain storage under different conditions was investigated for six months. Inflorescence emission were more rapid in the rainy season, with greater numbers of infructescences as well as fruit weight. Cross-pollination was predominant due to protandry, with a sterile period from one to six days. Cross- and open- pollination are the most efficient reproductive systems (46 and 47% fruting, respectively). Fruit fixation does not occur under spontaneous self-pollination or apomixis, while artificial self-pollination induces only a small fruiting rate. Pollen grain viability was maintained for 180 days under both refrigeration (4 °C) and freezing (-20 °C) conditions, but was less than 30 days under natural environmental conditions. The cultivation allows the production in the off-season of natural populations and pollen grain storage and artificial cross-pollination are promising possibilities for increasing the productivity of B. capitata orchards.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Preface usage and action of plant growth regulators in horticultural crop production

    Kondo S.Costa G.Ohara H.Mattheis J....
    2页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier