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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Temporal kinetics of changes in color, phytochemicals, γ-aminobutyric acid, enzyme activity and antioxidant activity of coffee leaves during postharvest storage

    Sun Y.Huang Y.Lu T.Chen X....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Understanding the kinetics of changes in the quality attributes and enzyme activity of coffee leaves during storage is essential to preparing high-quality coffee leaf tea. In the present study, the impacts of different storage temperatures and times on the color, phytochemical composition, amino acids, the activity of enzymes (glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), diamine oxidase (DAO), polyamine oxidase (PAO), γ-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH), γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD)), and antioxidant activity of coffee leaves were investigated. The results showed that low-temperature storage effectively delayed the production of browning color and retained nutrients and antioxidant activity in coffee leaves during storage. The content of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) decreased by 43.5%, 31.1%, and 17.5% when coffee leaves stored for 7 d at 25, 4, and -20 ℃, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity had negative correlation with the storage time and the activities of PPO and POD were enhanced with prolonged storage time and higher storage temperature. The content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) increased (2.45–3.32 folds) when stored at -20 ℃ within 21 d, which was associated with the decrease of glutamic acid content and the increased activity of GAD. The kinetics of changes in color index L*, total color change (ΔE), TPC, and ABTS and DPPH scavenging capacities fitted the first-order kinetic model and the activation energies ranged from 15.66 to 24.67 kJ/mol, indicating that coffee leaves are prone to deterioration during storage, especially at high temperature. This study indicates that low-temperature storage can effectively prevent the quality loss of coffee leaves while increasing the bioactive compound GABA.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide identification of CmaGH3 family genes, and expression analysis in response to cold and hormonal stresses in Cucurbita maxima

    Li F.Duan P.Zhang H.Lu X....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Auxin crosstalk with other plant hormones in a series of responses to environmental stresses, is a process that contributes vitally to plant growth and development. Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) family genes play an imperative role in the maintenance of hormone homeostasis and rapid response to biotic/abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, knowledge about GH3s in Cucurbita maxima has not been fully determined. In the present study, a total of 14 GH3 genes were identified and characterized, and their expression profiles were evaluated using real-time PCR. Phylogenetic tree and interspecies collinearity analyses facilitated the evolutionary relationships in C. maxima with other species and prediction of CmaGH3 genes function from genetic and genomic perspectives, respectively. After cold stress, the temporal expression of the CmaGH3 genes in two inbred strains (cold-tolerant inbred line: Cma 7, cold-susceptible inbred line: Cma 14) indicated that CmaGH3–4/6/8/10 were as potential candidate genes for cold tolerance breeding. After phytohormone treatments, CmaGH3–10 and CmaGH3–12 were obviously involved in the response of IAA, ABA and GA stresses. These results indicate that CmaGH3–10 gene may not only be involved in the resistance of pumpkin to cold stress, but also closely associated with auxin homeostasis. In addition, CmaGH3–10 contained 16 SNP sites, four of which are nonsynonymous mutation sites. The polymorphism mutations of CmaGH3–10 will be useful for genetic and breeding study in pumpkin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Induction of 2n pollen by colchicine during microsporogenesis to produce polyploids in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)

    Zhu W.Dong Z.Chen X.Cao J....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Polyploid breeding is an effective way to improve ornamental traits of horticultural plants. Colchicine, an anti-mitotic agent, is widely used to induce 2n gametes in horticultural plants, allowing for the production of polyploid plants through sexual hybridization. Based on an understanding of flower bud development and meiosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of Paeonia lactiflora cv. ‘Fen Yu Nu’, 2n pollen were obtained by injecting different concentrations of colchicine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5%) into flower buds multiple times (once, twice or three times with a 24-h interval in between). External morphology, viability and possible hybridization of colchicine-induced 2n pollen were observed. Finally, P. lactiflora cv. ‘Lian Tai’ was pollinated with colchicine-induced pollen from ‘Fen Yu Nu’. Polyploids were identified among offspring by flow cytometry, chromosome counting, and molecular assessment using simple sequence repeats (SSR). Flower bud diameter of herbaceous peony was related with meiosis in PMCs. The most suitable period to induce 2n pollen was when most PMCs were in prophase I of meiosis, and when flower buds were about 11-12 mm in diameter. The highest induced incidence (%) of 2n pollen was 47.39% following treatment with 0.4% colchicine solution injected twice. The average diameter of 2n pollen was 46.01 μm, which was 1.53-fold wider than haploid pollen. SEM results indicated that 2n pollen were considerably different from haploid pollen in terms of external shape and surface decoration, and 2n pollen were mostly spherical or with an irregular shape. Induced 2n pollen could germinate in vitro and on the stigma of the female parent, but abnormalities such as pollen tube bifurcation or thickening were observed in both germinated states. The percentage of germinated 2n pollen in vitro was 12.78%. In addition, two tetraploids (2n = 4x = 20) were obtained by 2n pollen hybridization. SSR analysis indicated that tetraploids were produced by the spontaneous fusion of 2n female gametes with colchicine-induced 2n male gametes. This indicates that colchicine did not entirely inactivate 2n pollen. The production of few polyploids may be due to the abnormal germination of 2n pollen and obstacles in ploidy hybridization. Our findings fortify the foundation for Paeonia polyploid breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Induction and identification of tetraploids of pear plants (Pyrus bretschneideri and Pyrus betulaefolia)

    Liu R.Gao C.Jin J.Wang Y....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The Author(s)Polyploid plants usually exhibit broader leaves, thicker stems, bigger flowers and fruits, dwarfing stature, as well as improved biotic and abiotic resistance. Therefore, increasing the polyploidy is one of the most important strategies used in plant breeding. Here, we reported the successful induction of tetraploids of two pear varieties, ‘duli’ pear (Pyrus betulaefolia), a wildtype pear used for rootstocks in grafting, and ‘Xinli No.7′ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), a popular cultivated pear variety in China. This was achieved by treating their seeds, shoot tips of tissue cultured or field grown seedlings with colchicine and pendimethalin using three different methods: impregnation, mixed culture and smearing. The best tetraploids induction condition for ‘duli’ pear seeds was impregnating them with 0.4% colchicine for 24 h where the mutation rate of 2.0% was achieved with no chimera found. For shoot tips of tissue cultured seedlings the best condition was impregnating them with 0.2% colchicine where 6.67% of ‘duli’ (48 h) and 13.0% of ‘Xinli No.7′ (24 h) were mutated. In addition, we found that in the mixed culture method the best induction condition for ‘duli’ was mixing with 1.0% colchicine while for ‘Xinli No.7′ it was 0.5% colchicine. In the smear method, for the shoot tips of field grown seedlings of ‘duli’, the best induction condition was treating them with 0.4% colchicine for 24 h. Subsequently, the DNA content of these putative polyploid seedlings was estimated by the flow cytometry, confirming their ploidy nature. Also, we compared the morphological differences between the tetraploid seedlings and the diploid seedlings. Obviously, the tetraploid seedlings appeared to be dwarfed with shorter internode length and reduced internode number of their stems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Analysis of photosynthetic ability and related physiological traits in nodal leaves of grape

    Zhang P.Dong T.Jin H.Pei D....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Fruiting shoots are comprised of leaves, fruits, and branches, which determine the grape yield and the quality of produce. Fruiting shoots are also the important structural unit for studying the relationship between the source and sink. The number of leaves, leaf area, photosynthetic activities, and density are directly or indirectly affecting the ability of the fruiting shoot to fix CO2 and provide a carbon source for the fruit growth and development. ‘Summer Black’ is used as the main test material and observed certain differences in appearance, microstructure, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), organic acids, carbohydrates, mineral elements, and photosynthetic capacity at different nodal leaves. The net photosynthetic rate (A) was significantly positively correlated with leaf shape parameters (the ratio between branch point to lobe tip and distal sinus to petiolar junction), leaf structure thickness, RWC, carotenoids, soluble sugars, and organic acids, but it was significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), Chlorophyll b and phosphorus content. The variations in magnesium, water, glucose, and fructose content in leaves matched the expression patterns of aquaporin, magnesium transporter, and sugar metabolism-related genes in various nodal leaves. In addition, the physiological traits and photosynthetic capacity at different nodal leaves of ‘Shine Muscat’ and ‘Kyoho’ were similar to those of ‘Summer Black’. The results of this study will provide a reference for the differences in leaf sink–source effects at different nodes and provide a basis for reasonably removing leaves.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of salicylic acid seed priming on morpho-physiological responses and yield of baby corn under salt stress

    Islam A.T.M.T.Ullah H.Himanshu S.K.Datta A....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rising salinity in the arable lands is a substantial threat to crop production. Exogenously-applied salicylic acid (SA) alleviates the negative impacts of salinity on plants. A factorial pot experiment, consisted of two baby corn hybrid cultivars (PAC 571: salt-tolerant and SG 17 Super: salt-sensitive), three doses of SA (0 [hydropriming], 1, and 2 mM) applied as a seed priming material, and four levels of salinity (0.7 [control], 6, 9, and 12 dS m–1), was conducted to evaluate the impact of SA on baby corn under salt stress. Data on growth, physiological traits, cob yield, and ion content in leaf tissues were collected, which revealed that an increasing salinity level was equally detrimental for the two tested cultivars with varying intensities. At the highest salinity level (12 dS m–1), both cultivars produced no cob, and the same salinity level caused a reduction of 67%, 14%, 42%, 87%, and 37% in shoot dry matter, leaf relative water content, membrane stability index, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf potassium content, respectively, compared with the control across cultivars and SA levels. The same salinity level caused about 3-fold, 10-fold, and 6-fold increases in electrolyte leakage, free proline content, and leaf sodium content, respectively. Seed priming with SA was effective, and 1 mM provided more promising results with an increase of 43%, 45%, 5%, and 7% in root dry matter, cob yield, leaf relative water content, and free proline content at 6 dS m–1 than 0 mM SA at the same salinity level. Salt-tolerant cultivar (PAC 571) had significantly higher cob number plant–1 (30%) and cob yield (34%) than salt-sensitive cultivar (SG 17 Super) at 6 dS m–1. However, there was largely no effect of SA seed priming on other evaluated parameters at 9 and 12 dS m–1 salinity levels. Priming of seeds with 1 mM SA could be a promising approach for baby corn production under a moderate salinity level up to 6 dS m–1. However, harmful effects of extreme salinity (9 and 12 dS m–1) cannot be completely compensated for SA seed priming.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biochemical properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice as influenced by severe water stress

    Adiba A.Hssaini L.Hamdani A.Razouk R....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.This research investigates the influence of two irrigation regimes on juice chemical and biochemical characteristics of eleven Mediterranean pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars during two consecutive years (2019–2020). Control trees were fully irrigated (FI) at 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and the stressed ones were subjected to a sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) of 50% ETc. Results showed that water stress effect on juice quality attributes significantly varied depending on genotype with divergent amplitude variations and patterns under each year. There were significant decreases in soluble solids content (TSS), titratable acidity and pH on 8 cultivars. Soluble sugars content showed a significant decrease in 5 cultivars, combined with a decrease in amino acids content (AAC) for 2 cultivars. The SDI treatment decreased phenolic compounds content in 8 cultivars, with an often significant effect on anthocyanins content, thereby reducing the antioxidant activity level. According to principal component analysis, variations in TSS and AAC were the most discriminating changes induced by water stress applied over all studied cultivars. Overall, this study showed that SDI often leads to produce pomegranate juice with lower quality. However, the significant genotypic differences herein revealed suggest to move forward with in-depth analyzes to select resilient genotypes to cope with the climate change, particularly in arid lands.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    New approach for blueberry firmness grading to improve the shelf-life along the supply chain

    Varaldo A.Giacalone G.Chiabrando V.
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Blueberry texture is one of the most commercially relevant quality traits. This parameter is closely associated with maturity and significantly affects post-harvest storage. Measuring small fruit firmness is challenging and critical due to the lack of a cheap, rapid, and easily interpretable standardized method of analysis. The digital durometer (53215 TP–Turoni, I), based on the Shore scale, has been found to be suitable for assessing berries hardness. In this study, samples were sorted according to their surface color: green, pink, red, ripe (completely blue), and overripe (completely pigmented, matte dark blue). Afterward, berries were classified into five categories based on the Shore scale. Every hardness value was linked to CIELAB coordinate color. In addition, every hardness category was related to total soluble solids content (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). Results showed statistical differences in colorimetric coordinates and C color index among the firmness categories. Regression analysis showed a significative R2 coefficient between firmness and C color index (R2=0.79), and firmness and TA (R2=0.87). The findings highlighted how the digital durometer accurately divides fruits into maturity classes. This tool can be helpful as a non-destructive, accurate, rapid, and cheap procedure to sort blueberries into stages of ripeness. It may be a promising starting point for improving berries storage and shelf-life. With the digital durometer, the supply chain operators could uniformly divide batches with greater precision than would be obtained with skin color analysis only.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effect of pre-harvest treatment of calcium nitrate and iron chelate on post-harvest quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Red Delicious)

    Khakpour S.Seyed Hajizadeh H.Hemati A.Asgari Lajayer B....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Enhancing the nutrition of fruit trees and crops with chemical fertilizers is one of the most important tools to increase production and improve crop quality during the harvest stage. In East Azerbaijan, apples are grown on calcareous soils, and managing tree nutrition is a precursor to increasing fruit yield and post-harvest fruit quality. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design in a Red Delicious apple orchard to investigate whether the application of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) at 50, 100, and 150 g tree?1 and iron (Fe) chelate (6% Fe) at (10, 20, and 30 mL tree-1) to the soil are beneficial. The fertilizers were applied at three times during fruit development: stage of cell division in young fruit, stage of peak rate of cell expansion and starch accumulation, and stage of cell expansion and the beginning of starch decline. The addition of Ca(NO3)2 and Fe-chelate affected fruit yield and fruit traits in storage, including total carbohydrate, pH, phenol, ripening index (TSS/TA), TSS, TA, fruit firmness, and weight loss. Fertilizer application also altered the concentration of some mineral nutrients in leaves and fruits. There was an interaction between storage time × Ca× Fe on fruit firmness, total carbohydrate, TSS, pH, and TA fruit. Fertilization with Fe-chelate increased fruit Ca and leaf Fe. Overall, the combination of 50 g Ca(NO3)2 and 30 mL Fe-chelate is recommended for apple orchardists in this part of Iran.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Online measurement of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) physicochemical properties and estimation of maturity stages using a portable NIR spectrometer

    de Moraes I.A.Cruz-Tirado L.J.P.Barbin D.F.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Carambola is a tropical fruit with rising value in developed countries due to its nutritional value and exotic aspect. It is important to assess carambola quality in different maturity stages to estimate a “fair price” and to assign fruit for specific applications and markets. This work reported the use of a portable NIR spectrometer in the range of 900 to 1700 nm as a non-destructive, chemical-free technique for determination of carambola physicochemical properties, according to maturity stage. Colour, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, moisture, pH and titratable acidity analysis were performed for 177 fruit from two clones and four maturity stages (MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS4). PLS-DA and PLSR models were built to classify carambola according to maturity stage and to estimate its physicochemical properties, respectively. Several pre-processing were tested and among them the new algorithm introduced in the (SNV) pre-processing, the variable sorting for normalization (VSN), allows the improvement of the signal shape and the model interpretation. Genetic algorithm (GA) and interval partial least square (iPLS) were tested for improving model performance. The PLS-DA model based on important variables selected by iPLS achieved the best performance with 84.2% accuracy to classify carambola according to maturity stage. Variable selection (iPLS and GA-PLS) allowed an improvement in the performance of the PLSR models, with pH and moisture content achieving (R2P of 0.78 and 0.74), (RMSEP of 0.2 and 0.87), (RPD of 2.01 and 2.23) and (RER of 8.02 and 10.38), respectively, which is acceptable for screening. Portable NIR spectrometer, which can be considered low-cost when compared to benchtop spectrometers, in tandem with chemometrics can be a promising tool to assess the composition and to classify carambola according to maturity stage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier