查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This study was undertaken to assess morphological characteristics of rooting, gravitropism, floral fitness, ethylene tolerance, and vase-life of 16 ethylene mutants of snapdragon, generated via seed mutagenesis of the inbred line OAK564 with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). This included screening of seedlings of ethylene mutant lines for rooting response following challenge by different levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), gravitropic response of seedlings and mature flowering spikes, seedling response following treatment of greenhouse plants with ethylene, as well as challenge of mature flowering spikes with ethylene along with and without an application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a known inhibitor of ethylene action, as well as vase-life evaluations of mature flowering spikes. These mutant lines displayed varied responses for all treatments, with some lines exhibiting enhanced rooting, gravitropism, floral fitness, ethylene tolerance, and longer vase-life than the inbred control OAK564. For all evaluations, these mutants exhibited genetic variability for these various traits; thus, offering opportunities for further breeding efforts to improve these important economic traits in cut snapdragon.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the predominant cool-season turfgrass species worldwide, but low-light (LL) stress is a primary limiting factor for turfgrass management. Studies on two tall fescue cultivars, Arid 3 and Airlie, showed that Airlie is more susceptible to LL stress than Arid 3. However, the underlying susceptibility mechanism is obscure. In this study, we investigated the physiological and transcriptional changes of two tall fescue cultivars under LL stress. Arid 3 showed better growth characteristics, higher chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic gas exchange than Airlie. A total of 136,925 unigenes were obtained from our RNA-sequencing. There were 24,944 and 30,816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LL stress and the control in Arid 3 and Airlie, respectively. Meanwhile, there were 20,599 DEGs detected between Arid 3 and Airlie under the control, and under LL stress the DEGs between two cultivars were 20,783. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in ‘cell part’ and ‘glutathione metabolism’. Furthermore, vital transcription factors obtained different expression level in two cultivars. FaPhyA and FaPhyB were higher expressed in Arid 3 than that in Airlie, which played positive roles in regulating photomorphogenesis of tall fescue under LL stress. On the contrary, the expression levels of negative regulatory factor FaPIF5 and FaCOP1 were higher in Airlie. Additionally, genes related to chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis were also affected by LL stress, there were 26 genes significantly higher expressed in Arid 3. This study revealed two tall fescue cultivars develop different physiological and transcriptional changes, and provided an insight into different photosynthetic responses in two tall fescue cultivars responding to LL stress.
Bernardi L.G.P.de Paula Ferreira I.E.Baron D.da Silva J.R....
10页
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Plant grafting is a propagation technique that uses two plant individuals to optimize crop production. Although physiological traits defining the growth of grafted plants have been investigated, physiological changes caused by excessive metal nutrients or non-essential metals during the early stages of grafting have been poorly characterized. Understanding such changes would contribute to the selection of rootstocks and scions more tolerant to environmental contamination with heavy metals. Our study evaluated the responses of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) grafted onto pumpkin rootstocks (Duchesne x Cucurbita moschata Duch.); and exposed to root applications of fertigation solutions with varying concentrations of zinc (10 μM [low] or 2.44 mM [excessive]), chromium (30 μM Cr [low] or 100 μM Cr [excessive]) or both metals (30 μM Cr and 10 μM Zn). Grafted plants exposed to Cr and excess Zn increased enzyme ascorbate peroxidase activity. Plants exposed to Cr exhibited lower magnesium and manganese concentrations in leaves than both the control and Zn treatments, which were associated to low carbon assimilation. On the other hand, low Zn availability improved plant growth after grafting and superoxide dismutase in stems. We verified that the heavy metals Cr and Zn did not impair cucumber plant re-establishment immediately after grafting onto pumpkin rootstock. Our study demonstrated that grafted cucumber plants can grow in environments contaminated with Cr, but will not express their complete physiological potential.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In this study, seasonal changes of carbohydrate amounts in fruit peels, leaves, and shoots of three pomegranates cultivars (‘K??nar?’, ‘Hicaznar’, ‘Kirlihan?m’) have been examined. It has been found that the amount of reducing sugar, total sugar and sucrose in the fruit peels of pomegranate cultivars increased from green to ripe while the amount of starch on the contrary showed a decrease from green to ripe. According to findings the sucrose, reducing and total sugars in the leaves, generally increased until mid-September after the decrease between June and July, and they tend to decrease in October. On the other hand, the starch content of the leaf decreased from the second half of June until the end of August, and then increased until the first half of October. In the analysis performed on the shoots, it has been revealed that the carbohydrate levels did not change in the period between the fall of leaves and the budbreak. In addition, the reducing sugar decreased from January to July and total sugar and sucrose formed a bumpy curve until September, and showed a steady increase starting from this period to the end of the year. It has been determined that the starch contents in the shoots increased regularly between April and July and then followed a fluctuating course from this period until October and decreased from October to the end of December.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Early blight disease, caused by Alternaria alternate, is one of the main tomato diseases in the world. To better understand the mechanisms involved in tomato resistance to A. alternata, we investigated the comparative proteome profiling using 2-DE and identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) by MALDI TOF/TOF MS of the resistance and susceptible tomato cultivars inoculated with A. alternata at 48 and 72 h post-inoculation compared with mock-inoculated ones. Based on the proteomics results, we elected two differentially expressed proteins to validate in way Real-Time PCR. From approximately 650 protein spots detected in tomato cultivars, a total 33 DEPs were identified in response to A. alternate infection. These proteins were grouped into 9 functional categories involving in pathways of stress and defense, photosynthesis, energy, transport, mRNA processing, post transcriptional modification, metabolic process, signal transduction, and other pathways. STITCH database analysis predicted different hormone pathways such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, ethylene and brassinolide involved in defense response upon A. alternate. From 33 DEPs, 8 and 4 proteins were up-regulated at 48 and 72 hpi, respectively, in susceptible cultivar, while 32 proteins were increased at 48 and 72 hpi in resistance cultivar in response to A. alternate infection. Results of Real-Time PCR indicated that the expression levels of candidate genes were in accordance with their protein expression at the related time points. This is the first tomato–A. alternata proteomics analysis, which has provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the tomato response to A. alternata and can implement genetic biomarkers for improving tomato resistance to early blight disease.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In order to investigate the light quality of LED lamps on some of the composition of leaf lettuce, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block with 3 replications. Lettuce transplants for 35 days were exposed to irradiation of six light spectra [red (R), blue (B), white (W), 1red:1blue (RB), 1Red: 1Blue: 1White (RBW) and Fluorescent (FL) (control)]. The results showed the quality of light was significant at 1% level on soluble sugars, starch, soluble proteins, nitrate concentration, total phenol, total flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin and vitamin C levels. The maximum dry weight plant (13.8 g), soluble sugars (14.3 mg/g) and starch (13.0 mg/g) were observed in R treatment. The maximum protein (0.39 mg/g), total phenol (19.78 mg/100 g,), total flavonoid (17.68 mg/100 g), total antioxidant capacity (78.66%), anthocyanin (30 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (0.19 mg/100 g) appeared in B treatment. The highest and lowest nitrate concentration were observed in the R (85.5 mg/kg FW) and B (354.44 mg/kg FW), respectively. According to the results, it can be said that red light produces the necessary materials for the growth of the aerial part of the plant, and blue light produces the most secondary metabolites.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Mediator is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of many genes in different functional pathways, enhancing growth, development and other biological processes. Its role in flowering in Malus × domestica, however, is still unknown. Due to the long life cycle and low rate of genetic transformation in M. domestica, flowering induction is still a very serious problem, leading to lower production. Here we report the identification of 83 mediator genes in M. domestica, their gene structure, protein characteristics, locations on each chromosome, systematic phylogenetic structural analysis, distribution of the chromosome, synteny of MdMED genes, and cis-elements prediction at the promoter region of MdMED genes. On the basis of phylogenetic relationships, the members of the MdMED gene family were divided into six subgroups. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of the MdMED subgroup-D genes displayed that most genes showed strong preferential expression in the buds and were significantly upregulated during the flower induction period. Transcriptional levels of MdMED subgroup-D genes respond to salicylic acid treatment. To determine MdMED81′s functions, we obtained MdMED81-overexpressed (OE) Arabidopsis thaliana lines that showed significantly earlier flowering compared with wild-type. Furthermore, we developed a high R2 value correlation between MdMED81 and day hours that is presented in equation form to detect MdMED81 in flowering time regulation and control in M. domestica. We also presented an annual model of MdMED81 in the control of flowering time and concluded that salicylic acid application at the right time of the year triggers MdMED81 to induce flowering in M. domestica. This data provides a new theoretical reference for the management of apple tree flowering and also provides an essential basis for future analysis of the regulation and functions of the MdMED gene family.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Protoplasts are widely used in transient expression systems that are a simple, robust, and powerful method for gene function verification. However, such a versatile tool has not been developed using eggplant. We here established an efficient protocol for protoplast isolation from plantlet leaves of eggplant by optimizing enzymatic conditions. This isolation required an optimal D-mannitol concentration (0.5 M), enzyme concentration (1.25% (w/v) cellulose and 0.4% (w/v) macerozyme), digestion time (3 h), and temperature (26 ℃). This protocol provided the highest yield (1.2 × 107/g fresh weight (FW)) and viability (96%) of protoplasts. Furthermore, the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transient transformation of eggplant protoplasts with the marker gene yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) was investigated by optimizing different crucial factors affecting transfection efficiency, including plasmid DNA amount, PEG concentration, and transfection duration. More than 50% transfection efficiency could be obtained with the optimized system. In addition, subcellular localization of several fusion proteins was verified, and the bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay was used to detect protein–protein interaction in this system. Dual-luciferase assays in eggplant protoplasts showed that the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes (SmCHS and SmDFR) was activated by the transcription factor SmMYB1. Taken together, we developed a highly efficient and stable protocol for protoplast isolation and transfection in eggplant, thereby facilitating gene function characterization in molecular breeding.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The effects of treatment with edible coatings containing decolorizing shellac incorporated with natural antibacterial juglone from walnut green husk extract (WGHE) on the postharvest quality of dried Wichita pecans during 180 days at 4℃ were investigated. WGHE with a high yield of juglone was obtained by Soxhlet extraction in orthogonal test and mixed with main film former of decolorizing shellac to prepare edible coatings. The present results showed that the edible coating preserver NO. 4 (CP4) group had better waterproof performance and could coat pecan nuts in a natural color, decrease the pure kernel yield and the fat content, but the acid value, the peroxide value, and the soluble protein content were increased compared with the blank (BL) group. Moreover, the changing trends of the pure kernel yield were consistent with the fat content but had an opposite relationship to the acid value, as the heat map and correlation coefficients of different indexes after treatment of CP4. Besides, WGHE enhanced the antibacterial activity of CP4, meanwhile, Wichita pecans had a good overall taste in the determination of sensory evaluation, indicating CP4 minimized the hydrolysis and oxidation of internal fats, especially their auto-oxidation, maximized the stability of their functional unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant functional components. In conclusion, CP4 treatment is a potential method in delaying significantly the oxidation process of pecans for maintaining the pecan nutrition and quality under low temperature during long-term storage.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) has the potential to modify tomato fruit size. However, the role of eCO2 on the rate of fruit growth and the time of fruit ripening remains elusive. Here, we report that the decrease in number of cell per area in the pericarp of mature fruits was associated with a significant enhancement in cell area, which in turn increased fruit yield and concentration of minerals. Moreover, the maximal fruit expansion rate was increased by eCO2 conditions, which was associated with enhanced of transcripts encoding expansin proteins in pericarp tissues of immature fruits. However, the duration of fruit expansion was not affected by eCO2, suggesting that fruit expansion rate is more flexible than expansion duration upon eCO2 treatment. High CO2 increased concentrations of ethylene and carotenoids during fruit ripening, which resulted in a slight acceleration of maturation. Thus, our study highlights the potential role of eCO2 in determining tomato fruit size and ripening.
NSTL
Elsevier