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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Response of sink manipulation in ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) branches to late-deficit irrigation

    Jorquera-Fontena E.Tighe-Neira R.Inostroza-Blancheteau C.Bota J....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Photosynthetic traits, leaf soluble sugars and fruit yield and size were evaluated in order to identify the role of early sink manipulation (girdling and fruiting spur thinning applied in winter) in modulating the effect of late-deficit irrigation (recovering 60% of crop evapotranspiration during 36 days pre-harvest) in ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry branches. Photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and fruit weight were affected by both treatments, whereas intercellular CO2 concentration of leaves (Ci), mesophyll conductance (gm), Rubisco carboxylase activity (Vcmax), electron transport rate (Jmax), leaf soluble sugars and branch yield were exclusively affected by sink manipulation. The effect of sink manipulation on PN was mainly observed in the girdling treatment as it was not altered by thinning. In girdled branches, PN dropped by 34%, accompanied by a two-fold increase in leaf soluble sugars, indicating that sink feedback regulation of carbon assimilation occurred. Irrespective of the irrigation, the higher PN observed in the controls were not sufficient to achieve the fruit weight and yield of the girdled branches, indicating that fruit carbon demand in control branches was source-limited. The depressed PN by girdling was associated with significant reductions in gs, gm, Vcmax and Jmax. Since lowered PN by deficit irrigation was neither attributable to a gs-associated decrease in Ci nor to changes in any other photosynthetic variable, further research is needed to clarify this point. Results showed that irrigation deficit was sufficient to reduce PN in girdled branches, whereas it had no effect in control and thinned branches. Thus, the depressive effect of deficit irrigation on PN appeared to be exacerbated by the sink effect.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptomics analysis provides insights into metabolisms of sugars and carotenoids of nectarine fruit subjected to different temperature storage

    Wang Y.Sun Y.Zhang Q.Pan L....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Improper temperature storage of nectarine fruit after harvest could easily lead to rapid fruit softening, decrease of fruit sugar content, loss of flavor substances, and browning of tissues. Transcriptomics and bioinformatic analyses were applied to explore the effect of different storage temperature in regulating the metabolic pathways in nectarine fruit. In this study, we observed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were accumulated at high levels to starch and sucrose metabolism and the biosynthesis process of terpenoid skeleton. A detailed analysis of sugar and carotenoid metabolism indicated that the changes of sugars and carotenoids were accurately associated with the gene expressions of invertase, sucrose phosphate synthase, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase and phytoene desaturase. Further analysis found that nectarine fruit stored at low temperature exhibited lower content of sucrose and carotenoids compared with room temperature storage. Low temperature storage mainly inhibited the synthesis of sucrose and carotenoids by down-regulating expressions of invertase and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. Moreover, Coexpression network analysis revealed that 3 PpWRKYs, 2 PpMYBs and 1 PpNAC could be identified as putative transcription factors in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism in nectarine fruit. In summary, this research explained the general molecular mechanism of the changes of sugars and carotenoids in nectarine fruit in response to different temperature storage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Establishment and optimization of agrobacterium-mediated transformation in blueberry (Vaccinium species)

    Wang G.Liu M.Liu G.Bao Z....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Vaccinium species such as blueberry, cranberry and bilberry are widely planted in the world and have high economic values. Current varieties are mostly generated by conventional breeding methods, and application of biotechnology especially genetic modification in the breeding process is seldom. Moreover, mechanistic studies of orphan genes in Vaccinium species are more and more important to facilitate the improvement of yield, quality, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses in breeding, which requires efficient genetic transformation systems. In this study, we select 19 Vaccinium varieties to investigate the effects of variety specificity, explant types and culture schemes on callus development, adventitious bud regeneration and transformation efficiency. The wood plant medium (WPM) contains sufficient nutrients for the effective callus induction from mature leaves of plants grown in the field. Both zeatin and indole-3-butyric acid with the concentration of 2.0 mg L?1 and 1.0 mg L?1, respectively, are critical for adventitious bud regeneration from a variety of Vaccinium leaves. Different Vaccinium varieties have distinct regeneration efficiencies from leaf discs, and the diploid wild Vaccinium reticulatum ‘Red Button’ has the highest efficiency of callus formation and adventitious bud regeneration. Furthermore, we establish an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system using ‘Red Button’, in which the transformation efficiency of green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding gene is about 12.82%. Taken together, our study establishes an efficient tissue culture and regeneration system from leaves of Vaccinium varieties, and identify the diploid material ‘Red Button’ as an ideal variety for genetic transformation, which would greatly accelerate the mechanistic studies and breeding program of Vaccinium genus using emerging plant biotechnologies in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Reduction of postharvest diseases of loquat fruit by serine protease and possible mechanisms involved

    Yan F.Zhang D.Wang X.Liu C....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatumis the most common disease-causing decay duringthe postharvest storage of loquat fruit.The use of serine proteasecould reduce decay of the fresh fruits during storage. However, the postharvest studies with the serine protease are limited. This study explored the mechanism of keeping loquat fruit fresh by serine protease. In vitro, SP treatment resulted in abnormal hyphae of C. acutatum, damaged plasma membrane integrity and decreased spore germination rate. Then we applied the best concentration of SP of 120 mg?L?1to explore its effect on loquat fruit. Test fruits were exposed to 2 different treatments, which are (i) serine protease (120 mg?L?1)+ C. acutatum, (ii)sterile water + C. acutatum as control. In vivo, SP treatment could regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism of loquat fruit by enhancing the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and activating AsA-GSH circulatory system. SP treatment improved the disease resistance of loquat fruit to C. acutatum by enhancing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), promoting the accumulation of total phenolics and flavonoid. In addition, Spraying SP could increase the relative expression of genes related to fruit disease resistance (PAL, PPO, PR-1, TLP, ERF2, ERF4, WRKY22, GST). The results showed that the SP could inhibit the growth of C. acutatum, enhance the resistance of loquat fruit to pathogenic fungi, reduce postharvest decay, maintain postharvest quality and it was an effective biological preservative.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of nanoparticle-enriched coatings on the shelf life of Cavendish bananas

    Odetayo T.Ngobese N.Z.Sithole L.Shezi S....
    21页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The study aimed to investigate the effect of enriching Aloe vera and Moringa oleifera plant extract edible coatings with chitosan nanoparticles on the postharvest quality of ‘Cavendish’ bananas. Banana fruits were dipped into the following treatments: Aloe vera 50% (AV), Moringa oleifera 10% (MO), Aloe vera 50% + chitosan nanoparticle 2% (AV+CN), and Moringa oleifera 10% + chitosan nanoparticle 2% (MO+CN). Fruits were stored at room temperature (18 ± 1°C) for up to 30 days. Sampling was done on a five-day interval and sensory evaluation was done after 25 days in storage. The results showed that adding chitosan nanoparticles to edible coating had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the firmness, ethylene rate, respiration, and total phenolic content during storage. MO+CN coating reduced weight loss (23%), respiration rate (18 mg/kg/h), and ethylene generation (144 μL/kg/h) to a larger extent followed by AV+CN, MO, and AV. In addition, the combination treatment preserved fruit quality parameters, such as total soluble solids, fruit firmness, and peel colour. Furthermore, MO+CN had the highest score for colour (6 score), texture (7 score), odour (7 score), and overall acceptability (6 score) for the consumer analysis using a 9-point hedonic scale. As a result, adding chitosan nanoparticles to plant extract coatings, especially Moringa oleifera, improved their efficiency and can be utilized to increase the storage life of banana fruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of magnesium application on the fruit coloration and sugar accumulation of navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.)

    Tan Z.Liu X.Hu C.Liu Y....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a major factor limiting citrus production. Here, we performed Mg treatments (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g MgO plant?1) on 15-year-old navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) trees to investigate the effect of Mg application on fruit yield and quality. Mg application obviously enhanced the fruit yield of navel orange, particularly at the dose of 150 g MgO plant?1, which significantly improved the fruit yield by 27.87% in 2019 and by 17.89% in 2020 compared with the control. At the fruit color turning stage, Mg application increased the sucrose content in the pulp, especially at the doses of 150 and 200 g MgO plant?1, which significantly increased the sucrose content by 20.38–29.85% and 7.01–7.36% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Moreover, application of Mg fertilizer significantly decreased the Chl a and total Chl contents in the peel, as well as increased the peel brightness and chroma, accelerated fruit ripening. Furthermore, the pulp sucrose content was negatively correlated with Chl a and total Chl in the peel. Overall, we proposed a recommended amount of Mg fertilization (142 to 177 g MgO plant?1) for high yield and good quality of navel orange fruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Identification and characterization of Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) bud sports mutations in the apple growing Northwestern Himalayan region

    Kumar A.Sharma D.P.Dogra R.K.Singh G....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Spontaneous mutations are exceedingly rare, and bud-sport selection is a promising horticultural breeding strategy that adds value to natural selection by enabling plants to adapt better to climate variability. Based on these observations, the research had been carried out in various apple-growing orchards in the Northwestern Himalayan area, particularly the districts of Kinnaur, Lahaul, and Spiti in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The research led to the identification of 12 bud sports originating from cv. Royal Delicious, 9 of which were found in Kinnaur and 3 in Lahaul and Spiti, which differed in fruit color and belonged to distinct groups. Eight of the twelve bud sports were early, solid-colored, and early maturing, whereas the remaining four were late-colored, late-maturing bud sports. The identified bud sports mature at different rates, and harvesting times varied from the first week of September to the fourth week of October. According to biochemical analysis, 'KAH-1′ and 'DDK' had the highest TTS (16.10 °Brix), total sugars (11.90 %), and titratable acidity (0.70 %). Based on the molecular analysis, one EST (E2) and five genomic SSR primers (HI04E04, HI01D06Y, BACSSR58, GD100, and CH01H01) were found to be informative and resulted in significant polymorphism between seven different bud sports and their mother plants. Bud wood from every identified apple bud sport was collected and conserved to produce plants for future investigation. Commercialization of such bud sports will not only raise market values but also lead to a reduction in the use of coloring chemicals for fetching early market, whilst late coloring and late-maturing bud sports will help to extend the season of apple fruit availability. These detected bud sports could represent a valuable gene pool that could be exploited as a source of genetic material in apple breeding programs or introduced as a new cultivar after systematic evaluation and validation through multi-location field trials.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    5-Aminolevulinic acid-induced salt tolerance in strawberry (cv. ‘Benihoppe’): Possible role of nitric oxide on interception of salt ions in roots

    He S.-S.Yang H.An Y.-Y.Wang L.-J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.5-Aminolevunic acid (ALA) significantly improves salt tolerance of plants. In the previous work, we proposed that ALA induced H2O2 accumulation in roots of strawberry, which was involved in up-regulating Na+ transporter gene expressions to intercept Na+ in roots with less upward transport. In this study, we further hypothesize that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in ALA signaling cascade. Therefore, we applied sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor), Na2WO4 (NO biosynthetic inhibitor), and 2, 4-carboxyphenyl-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger) to the culture solution when strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. ‘Benihoppe’) was stressed by 100 mM NaCl with or without exogenous ALA. The results revealed that salinity greatly impaired plant growth while 10 mg L?1 ALA or 10 μM SNP ameliorated the inhibition. When 5 μM Na2WO4 or cPTIO was co-treated, the ALA-improved salt tolerance was almost eliminated. This suggests that ALA-improved salt tolerance is dependent on NO presence. We found that salt stress caused NO, H2O2, Na+ and Cl? increases in the whole plants, while ALA induced additional increases in roots but significantly inhibited in leaves. These tissue-specific responses to ALA are important for plant salt tolerance. Our results suggest that the regulation of ALA to roots is very critical, which is mediated through NO and then H2O2 signaling to up-regulate gene expressions related with Na+ and Cl? transport, selectively retaining the harmful ions in roots with less upward transport. The hypothesis can reasonably explain how ALA-treated plants cope with harmful ions under salinity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous melatonin maintains quality of postharvest Rosa roxburghii fruit by modulating reactive oxygen species metabolism and energy status

    Dong B.Yao Q.Zhu D.Han H....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Antioxidant capacity and energy status are closely associated with the quality of fruit. The effect of exogenous melatonin on the quality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and energy metabolism of Rosa roxburghii fruit was investigated in this study. The results demonstrated that 50 μM melatonin postponed the increase in decay incidence, weight loss and malondialdehyde content and the decrease in fruit firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acid of R. roxburghii. Melatonin also reduced hydrogen peroxide content while enhancing glutathione and ascorbic acid contents by increasing the activity of enzymes involved in ROS metabolism, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase. 50 μM melatonin enhanced the activity of H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase, the levels of ADP and ATP, while decreasing the content of AMP. Moreover, the expression levels of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis and recycling-related genes RrGME, RrGMP, RrGGP, RrGalDH, RrAPX, RrGR, RrDHAR and RrMDHAR were significantly up-regulated in melatonin-treated fruit. These results indicated that melatonin could maintain the quality of R. roxburghii through regulating ROS and energy metabolism during storage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Addition of green light improves fruit weight and dry matter content in sweet pepper due to greater light penetration within the canopy

    Lanoue J.Little C.Hao X.Hawley D....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The use of artificial light to supplement natural light is essential for successful greenhouse winter production in regions with low natural sunlight to meet the increasing consumer demand for fresh vegetables. Traditionally, high-pressure sodium lights have been used. However, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are receiving substantial interests as they have higher photon efficacy and allow for spectral manipulation. There has been a lot of research on red and blue LED light but green light has not been studied to the same extent due to its perceived lower photosynthetic efficiency. However, green light can penetrate deep into canopy and thus could improve light intensity and photosynthesis deep within canopy. Therefore, we investigated the response of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants cv. ‘Eurix’ and ‘Gina’ under LED lighting with different percentages of green light (red/blue with 0 (control), 12, 24 and 43% green) at a light intensity of 175 μmol m?2 s?1 during a 6-month winter production period in Ontario, Canada. Gina plants grown under 12% green light had longer internodes than those grown under a red/blue control. The tenth leaves of Eurix plants grown under all green light treatments had higher chlorophyll value than the red/blue control. Leaves of both cultivars grown under the green light treatments tended to have slightly higher photosynthetic rates. The fruit weight (g fruit?1) increased by 2–15% depending on cultivars and percentages of green light, and fruit dry matter content linearly increased with increasing percentages of green light. Notably, the light intensity deep within the canopy (3 m from the tip) in treatments with green light was 43–158% higher. Thus, the increased light deep within the canopy with the green light treatments improved pepper fruit weight and dry matter content through increased photosynthesis and carbon export.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier