查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Plum has high nutritional value, good taste and rich flavor. However, the problems of easy decay and short shelf life in plums are prominent during postharvest storage. The effects of chitosan coating, sodium alginate coating and layer-by-layer (LBL) coating on the quality of plums were studied. Our studies demonstrated that different edible coating treatments could maintain fruit quality. Among them, the LBL coating significantly delayed weight loss, color change, reduction of total soluble solids and titratable acidity and kept higher firmness. Moreover, the LBL coated plums displayed higher peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, as well as higher contents of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds compared to control samples. During postharvest storage, anthocyanin synthesis and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity were significantly inhibited with LBL edible coating treatment. Furthermore, the production of superoxide free radicals and malondialdehyde decreased significantly after LBL edible coating treatment, which alleviated the oxidative damage and maintained the integrity of the membrane. Therefore, the application of LBL edible coating had obvious advantages for delaying senescence and maintaining the postharvest quality of plums in the process of storing.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Selenium biofortification is an effective way to improve the tomato fruit quality, however, it is affected by the selenium fertilizer types, selenium fertilizer application methods, selenium fertilizer concentrations, and tomato varieties. We performed 696 pairs of data for meta-analysis using a random-effects model to study the effects of selenium fertilizer application on tomato fruit quality. The results showed that selenium fertilizer application had a significant positive effect on most nutritional quality variables of tomatoes, while there was no change in nitrate content (SMD=?0.557; 95% CI: ?2.1～0.987) and fruit firmness (SMD=0.172; 95% CI: ?0.077～0.422) of tomatoes under application of selenium fertilizer, and similar conclusions were also drawn on nutrients (except for Fe and Ca). For different types of selenium fertilizer, the response of most tomato quality variables to Na2SeO3 was more significant than that to Na2SeO4. The response of tomato quality variables to selenium fertilizer application methods was different, furthermore, the total soluble solids, sugar-acid ratio, and vitamin C improved the most in soil fertilization, while the concentrations of soluble sugar, titratable acid, and lycopene increased the most in leaf spraying. In terms of selenium concentrations, the concentrations of total soluble solids, vitamin C, and nitrate content increased the most when the concentration was 1～5 mg·L?1, while the concentrations of soluble sugar, titratable acid, and lycopene improved the most when the concentration exceeds 5 mg·L?1. For tomato varieties, the improvement of nutritional quality variables of small fruits was better than that of big fruits. Our meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the response of tomato quality variables to the application of selenium fertilizer and provided an important guide for higher-quality selenium biofortified tomatoes.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Peel color is an important quality trait of pears and directly affects its commercial value. Although several studies have reported that exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induces anthocyanin biosynthesis, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of ALA on anthocyanin biosynthesis in the red pear ‘Nanhong’ and elucidate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Application of ALA solution (100 or 300 mg L?1) promoted arbutin, flavonol, and anthocyanin accumulation, but decreased chlorogenic acid and flavanol content, especially at 300 mg L?1. The structural gene transcriptional levels and transcription factors (PuMYB10 and PubHLH33) associated with anthocyanin synthesis were also enhanced by ALA treatment. Furthermore, ALA treatment increased the endogenous ABA content and upregulated the expression of ABA biosynthesis-related genes. Additionally, the influence of ALA on anthocyanin biosynthesis was removed by the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone, while the expression of PuMYB10, PuUFGT, and PuGSTF12, which were induced by exogenous ABA and ALA treatments, was suppressed. These results suggest that ABA signaling plays a crucial role in ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation in red pear fruits. The results can provide a theoretical basis for improving the color and fruit quality of red pears.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The genus Stenocereus includes species native to the American continent that grow from the southern of United States to Central America. Stenocereus spp. is a columnar cactus that produce ovoid-globose fruits of showy colors and with deciduous thorns. The objective of the work was to review the state of the genus Stenocereus in terms of the origin and distribution of species, the edaphoclimatic characteristics, propagation, cultivation, harvest, morphological characteristics of fruits, their post-harvest behavior, phytochemical composition, and uses. The species with the greatest economic importance due to the value of their fruits are S. queretaroensis, S. pruinosus, S. stellatus, S. griseus, and S. thurberi. Plants of the Stenocereus genus can grow under unfavorable conditions in arid and semi-arid zones, due to their low water and nutrient requirements. The fruit production occurs between April and September, depending on the species. Fruits are mainly consumed fresh, but postharvest life is short, which has motivated the transformation into various products. The high content of betalains and phenolic compounds in fruits has fostered a growing interest in conducting research related to the identification of these compounds and their bioactivity. The productivity of arid and semi-arid regions can be improved with the cultivation of Stenocereus species.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This study investigated the effect of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) on the inhibition of pulp breakdown of postharvest longan fruit. The harvested longan fruit were immersed in AEW (pH 2.5 and available chlorine concentration 80 mg L?1) for 10 min, then air-dried and stored at 25 °C. It was revealed that the AEW treatment reduced the cell membrane permeability and breakdown incidence of pulp by modulating membrane lipid metabolism. Compared to the untreated fruit, AEW treatment significantly suppressed the activities of lipoxygenase (LOX), lipase, and phospholipase D (PLD), down-regulated the expression of DlPLD1, DlPLD2, Dllipase1, Dllipase2, DlLOX1 and DlLOX2, and reduced the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA). In addition, a lower saturated fatty acids (SFAs) proportion, but a higher unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) proportion, the index of unsaturated fatty (IUFA), and unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (U/S) were found in AEW-treated longan fruit. These findings indicated that AEW treatment inhibited the activities of membrane lipid metabolism-related enzymes (LOX, lipase, and PLD) and their expressions of associated genes, and altered the cell membrane lipid composition, which was conductive to maintaining the integrity of cell membrane, ultimately alleviating the progress of pulp breakdown in harvested longan fruit. Consequently, AEW treatment may be a reliable method to reduce the occurrence of pulp breakdown and improve the storability of harvested longan fruit.
Moradi S.Zamani Z.Fatahi Moghadam M.-R.Koushesh Saba M....
11页
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Aril whitening (AW) or aril paleness is a physiological disorder in pomegranate fruit that occurs during fruit growth and developmental stages in main production areas in Iran, resulting to decrease in fruit quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preharvest green net shading and postharvest treatments of salicylic acid (SA) or hot water (HW) on fruit quality parameters and bioactive compounds of pomegranate cv. Ghojagh at harvest and during storage. This experiment was carried out on fruit of nine-year-old pomegranate trees growing under open field as control and trees covered under green 50% net shading for duration of about 4 months (June until the September, warmest months of the growth season). The fruits were harvested at the commercial stage and transferred to the laboratory, where subsequently treated by immersing in hot water (45 oC) for 4 min or 2 mM SA at room temperature (2 min). As control postharvest treatment, a part of fruits were treated only with water for 4 min at room temperature. The fruits were then air-dried and transferred into a refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1 oC, 80 ± 5% RH for a period of 90 days. A significant reduction in aril whitening, as well as fruit sunburn and cracking was observed from trees under 50%-green net shading in comparison with the control non-shading trees. Fruits of net shading had significantly higher bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, phenolics and anthocyanin, antioxidant activity), less weight loss and lower chilling injury than the non-shading fruits during storage. Also, postharvest treatments, especially SA, had a good impact on reducing chilling injury and retaining the quality and nutritional value of pomegranate fruits.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Loquat is a subtropical pome fruit of high economic value, since it is the earliest spring fruit reaching the markets. Different agricultural techniques may advance loquat fruit ripening and increase therefore its crop value. Unfortunately, a technique of great interest in this regard such as preflowering deficit irrigation (DI) has been found to increase the incidence of a specific loquat physiopathy known as purple spot. In order to clarify the environmental and cultural factors involved in purple spot appearance, we have compared its incidence in three consecutive years, determining the physiological stage and the size of the fruit at which the physiopathy appears, the amount of damaged fruit growing in different sections of the canopy, and compared fruit size and mineral composition of pulp and skin of fruit in damaged and undamaged fruit. We also compared purple spot incidence among five irrigation treatments (full irrigation, preflowering DI, and three different combinations of preflowering plus preharvest DI) in order to select DI treatments that reduce purple spot incidence while maintaining the benefits of harvest advancement. Our results show that purple spot was first detected at color break, when fruit had almost reached its final diameter. Late and earlier purple spot appearance was very rare. Damaged fruits were only slightly larger than healthy fruit. Significant variations in the incidence of purple spot were found among experimental blocks and years, with a low incidence in 2008/09 and 2009/10, and much larger in 2010/11. In all years, early maturing fruit and fruit growing in the canopy sections receiving more sunlight (South oriented) were more damaged by purple spot. In addition, DI treatments advancing fruit ripening provoked a higher incidence of purple spot. In spite of this response, the irrigation treatments in which water stress was also imposed at preharvest reduced the damage suggesting that altering pulp/skin water status and fruit growth rate might reduce purple spot. Finally, potassium, magnesium and especially copper were in much higher concentration in damaged fruit, especially in the skin. Nitrogen and calcium seem not to play any role in this physiopathy despite early assumptions and commonly applied preharvest calcium treatments.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Chitosan can help enhance disease resistance in plants by thickening leaves and alleviating environmental stresses, such as excess light intensity and extremely high temperature by promoting physiological activity. This study evaluated the effects of chitosan foliar application on Kimchi cabbage under high temperature stress. Six treatments were conducted, combining three photo-/dark periods temperature levels (20/16 °C optimal; 28/24 °C moderately high; and 36/32 °C extremely high) with and without chitosan foliar application (0 and 200 mg?L ? 1). Chitosan foliar application treatment sprayed once at 42 days after transplanting, and then temperature treatment immediately after chitosan foliar application conducted for up to eight days. At eight days after treatment (DAT), the leaf contents of abscisic acid (ABA) metabolites, i.e., phaseic acid (PA), dihydrophaseic acid (DPA), and ABA glucose ester (ABA-GE), were higher with chitosan foliar application than without chitosan treatments under moderately high and extremely high temperature conditions. PA and DPA were present at higher levels than the other metabolites. At eight DAT, the glucose and fructose contents in Kimchi cabbage treated with chitosan foliar application were higher than in those without chitosan foliar application when plants were under the moderately high and extremely high temperature conditions. Glucosinolate metabolite (gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin) content was higher with chitosan foliar application than without chitosan foliar application under the extremely high temperature treatment. When exposed to extremely high temperature, chitosan foliar application mitigated the damage caused to Kimchi cabbage by high temperature stress. Overall, chitosan foliar application can alleviate the high temperature stress that can occur during the spring cultivation season in Kimchi cabbage, and the application of chitosan is therefore a feasible strategy for stabilizing production of Kimchi cabbage.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Stem elongation control is a fundamental requirement for the production of high-quality seedlings in terms of plant compactness and stability. It is known that stem elongation of seedlings can be inhibited by mechanical stimulation. In this study, a custom-built air stream applicator was used to apply intermittent stimuli to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘Romello’). Tomato plants were cultivated under greenhouse conditions for 21 days and then exposed to intermittent air stimuli at different air stream application frequencies (8, 24, 40, 56, 72 and 80 d?1) and different air stream velocities (0.7 – 6.0 m s?1) for 14 days. Tomato plants responded with an inhibition of stem elongation of approximately 31% compared to the untreated control, without a systematic dose-response relationship related to application frequency. In contrast, stem elongation inhibition was significantly affected by air velocity, with a sigmoid dose-response relationship with negligible effects up to 2.0 m s?1, followed by a steep increase in the reduction effect up to 4.7 m s?1 and a fading of the effect at 36 % reduction for air velocities beyond that. Dry mass of leaves, stems, and petioles was reduced by approximately 10%, 41%, and 19%, respectively, after 14 days of treatment at a gradually increasing air velocity from 3.5 m s?1 at day 0 to 6.1 m s?1 at day 14 and an application frequency of 8 d?1. Root dry mass was less affected by the air stream application, but showed a slight tendency to decrease compared to control plants.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022During the last century, advances in recognizing plant-derived chemicals have led to potential biological substances of significant implications in medicine and agriculture. Identification of garlic-derived allicin has since proved the potential antimicrobial role of garlic against a myriad of microbes. Similarly, during the past few decades, attention is given to the allelopathic roles of garlic and understand the mechanism underlying the bioactivity of garlic-derived compounds in the fields of crop production and protection. In this review, we try to assess the potential role of garlic as medicinal and allelopathic crop and compile the studies that concluded the biological functions of garlic in various fields of researches, in particular, the roles in agriculture or plant development. Attention is drawn to clarify the role of garlic-based compounds as antimicrobial, allelopathic and, general human health. Based on the literatures, will discuss about the futuristic possibility of garlic extracts as plant bioprotectant to increase the production and ensure crop safety against phytopathogens. The review thereby encompasses these issues: 1. The biostimulants, and their role in agriculture. 2. The medicinal importance of garlic. 3. The allelopathic influence of garlic. 4. Chemical composition of garlic, and 5. The hypothesized use of garlic extracts as next generation biostimulant. This article is therefore aimed to provide significance of biostimulants and offer future research proposals in the area of plant biochemicals as biostimulators to improve crop and sustain agriculture production.
NSTL
Elsevier