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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Susceptibility of two grape varieties to berry abscission

    Zhu M.Zheng L.Zeng Y.Yu J....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Berry abscission is a serious problem in table grape during postharvest storage and transport, causing significant economic losses. To explore the mechanism of berry abscission, we compared the abscission-susceptible grape genotype ‘Hutai No. 8’ with the abscission-resistant grape genotype ‘Xiangfei’ during post-harvest storage. Compared with ‘Xiangfei’, in ‘Hutai No. 8’, the berry detachment force was lower and the berry abscission percentage was higher; the contents of auxin and gibberellin in the berries, rachis and abscission zone were lower, and the contents of abscisic acid and ethylene were higher. Compared with ‘Xiangfei’, ‘Hutai No. 8’ had higher activities cell wall-degrading enzymes in the abscission zone; lower contents of total pectin and intact pectin fractions, and higher contents of degraded pectin. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in the abscission zone were lower in ‘Hutai No. 8’ than in ‘Xiangfei’, resulting in higher contents of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and higher relative conductivity. The distribution of calcium in different fractions differed between the two varieties. Ultimately, these differences resulted in softer berries and higher berry weight loss percentage and decay percentage in ‘Hutai No. 8’ than in ‘Xiangfei’ during storage. These results shed light on the mechanism of grape berry abscission during storage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of rising VPD on the nutrient uptake, water status and photosynthetic system of tomato plants at different nitrogen applications under low temperature

    Jiao X.Yu X.Ding J.Zhang J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In winter and spring, the low-temperature and high-humidity environment of greenhouses in China and some locations are not suited for the development of tomatoes, which is sensitive to cold. At low temperature circumstances, the plant growth is slow, and the water transpiration ability is weak. The study tried to increase the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) by decreasing the humidity to observe if it can promote plant transpiration, which in turn facilitates nutrient absorption conveyed by the water, or it directly influences plant development through the alteration of the plant morphological structure. Two VPD levels (high VPD, HVPD; low VPD, LVPD) and three N supply gradients (low N level, LN; normal N level, NN; high N level, HN) were set in a climate chamber for 30 days test. We observed the physiological alterations of plants. The results revealed that biomass of low nitrogen, normal nitrogen and high nitrogen of HVPD plants decreased by 22.54%, 40.75% and 10.31%, respectively, compared with LVPD-treated plants. The palisade/spongy tissue ratio in leaves of HVPD plants decreased at normal and high nitrogen levels. Under HVPD conditions, the stomatal length and width increased, but its density decreased; the electron transfer and photochemical efficiency of the photosystem reaction center reduced. At low, normal and high nitrogen concentration, the photosynthetic rate of HVPD plants was 17.29%, 30.18% and 15.15% lower than that of LVPD plants. For HVPD plants, compared with LVPD plants, K+ absorption under LN increases significantly; nutritional absorption with HN treatment reduced significantly; the absorption of trace elements was also lower than LVPD plants. It revealed that even within the theoretically suitable VPD range for plant growth, rising VPD cannot achieve the purpose of improving nutrient absorption and stimulating growth. It needed to be examined according to certain environmental circumstances. In addition, the promotion impact of increasing N fertilizer was restricted, and it may not be favorable to plant development. At low nitrogen, LVPD treated plants thrived nicely, compared with HVPD treated plants. The investigation revealed that the optimal growth treatment at low temperature was LVPD+NN treatment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative transcriptome analysis of broccoli seedlings under different Cd exposure levels revealed possible pathways involved in hormesis

    Ji W.Li J.Ma X.Zhao X....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022As a non-essential heavy metal, Cd has long been considered to cause plant damage and reduce crop productivity. Recently, accumulating studies have shown that low-level Cd shows beneficial effects on plants, called hormesis. However, the mechanism of low-level Cd triggered hormesis is largely unknown. In this study, we found that Cd showed a hormesis effect on broccoli seedlings. The comparative transcriptome analysis of broccoli seedlings under low-level and high-level Cd showed that the plants responded distinctively to different concentrations of Cd exposure. KEGG analysis suggested that plant hormone signaling and secondary metabolism, especially glucosinolate homeostasis, were important under both low and high-level Cd treatment. Interestingly, ethylene signaling pathway, auxin signaling pathway, glucosinolate degradation, and glutathione redox showed opposite responses to low and high-level Cd. Low-level Cd inhibited while high-level Cd promoted ethylene signaling. Low-level Cd enhanced auxin biosynthesis while high-level repressed auxin biosynthesis. Glucosinolate degradation was enhanced by low-level Cd and inhibited by high-level Cd. As an important indicator of cell redox state, the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) increased under low-level and decreased under high-level Cd. Since the above biological processes play important roles in both growth and Cd detoxification, their opposite response to different levels of Cd indicated their possible involvement in hormesis. The potential functions of these processes in hormesis are discussed. Our study shed a light on the underlying mechanisms of the Cd-mediated hormesis effect.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome provides novel insights into the mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis in Camellia lanceoleosa

    Song Q.Gong W.Yu X.Ji K....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Flavonoids, the effective material basis for the anti-thrombotic, anti-myocardial ischemia, and anti-dementia drug system framework, are one class of the main bioactive compounds in tea-oil Camellia. However, the molecular mechanism of the transcription regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in tea-oil Camellia has not been fully investigated. Camellia lanceoleosa (C. lanceoleosa) is a diploid species of section Oleifera with genomic information, which has high value in scientific research and application. To comprehend the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. lanceoleosa, five different tissues (roots, stems, leaves, flower buds, and seeds) were used to perform an integrated analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome. Overall, 1,437 metabolites were identified and quantified, among which 488 common metabolites and 92 tissue-specific metabolites were detected in different tissues of C. lanceoleosa. Notably, the most abundant metabolite class was the flavonoids in the detected tissues of C. lanceoleosa. Furthermore, the differential metabolites and genes were also mainly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 145 differentially accumulated flavonoids and 65 differentially expressed structural genes were found within the biosynthesis of flavonoid in C. lanceoleosa. The expression patterns of most genes were consistent with the flavonoid accumulation patterns in the corresponding pathways. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis, five gene modules and several candidate hub genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were investigated in different tissues of C. lanceoleosa, these genes included differentially expressed structural genes (PAL, CHS, DFR, and ANR) and transcription factors (bHLHs, MYBs, WRKYs, NACs, and SPL6). These results provide useful genetic resources for studying the molecular insights into the regulatory network of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. lanceoleos.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous application of ethephon regulates flower abscission, shoot growth, and secondary metabolites in Camellia sinensis

    Li B.Zhang X.Wang C.Zhang Z....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) consumes a large amount of nutrients and water during the flowering stage, which compromises the tea growth and yield. Ethylene is an important plant hormone that plays pivotal roles in regulating plant growth and flowering. but there are few studies on flowering and growth of tea plants regulated by this plant hormone. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous ethephon application on the abscission of flowers and flower buds in tea plants. The results showed that application of ethephon induced the production of endogenous ethylene and the peak of ethylene production occurred three days post ethephon spraying on the tea plants. Ethephon treatment induced the abscission of tea flowers and flower buds, leading to reduced amount of flowers in the tea plantations. Ethylene receptors (ETRs) play critical roles in ethylene-mediated cellular responses, and we found that there was a certain correlation between the effect of ethephon on the flower abscission and the expression of several CsETRs, including CsETR3, CsETR4, CsETR5, and CsETR6. Ethephon also induced the high activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase three days after treatment. In addition, ethephon obviously reduced the tea polyphenol content and enhanced the caffeine content in tea plants. Treatment with ethephon (3000 mg L–1) significantly increased tea shoot length and production in the tea plantations in the following early spring. Overall, ethephon, in a range of concentrations, could effectively suppress the tea plant blooming and improve tea yield and quality to a certain extent.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of number of suckers on date palm source-sink limitation tracked by physiological markers and carbon allocation responsive genes expression

    Alikhani-Koupaei M.Aghdam M.S.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Source–sink balancing is crucial for a fruit load capacity in date palm trees. In date palm trees, coordination of suckers as sink strength with berries as source strength is very significant for economic yield production. The purpose of this study was to use the number of fruit bunches in two fruiting conditions of Off (less than 6 bunches) and On (more than 8 bunches) to identify the source-sink limitation in ‘Mazafati’ date palms with a normal fruit load (6≤bunch number≤8) to determine the optimal number of suckers, as active sinks that compete with berries, to be kept on a date palm. In this study, there were two groups, date palms with 4-5 suckers and date palms with 6-7 suckers. The results showed that the stress caused by 6-7 suckers (as compared to 4-5 suckers) limited source; reduced yield, bunch weight, fruit weight, size, and flavor; and increased fruit shedding and biennial bearing. Date palms with 6-7 suckers and a normal fruit load had a higher content of reducing sugars, a lower content of non-reducing sugars, and less starch in the organelles. They also showed higher trehalose metabolism responsive trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases (TPP) genes expression along with lower carbon allocation sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS1), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and invertase (INV) genes expression and enzymes activity in leaflets, which were in line with changes in yield and yield components. Therefore, the optimal number of suckers to be kept on a date palm with a normal fruit load was determined to be 4-5.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Plant hormone-mediated stress regulation responses in fruit crops- a review

    Rachappanavar V.Gupta S.K.Padiyal A.Sharma J.K....
    21页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022One of the challenges being faced by the fruit crop production globally is that regional climate regimes are becoming more unpredictable every year. The exact impact of these abiotic stresses on fruit crops is difficult to predict and it depends on numerous other climacteric factors that are all always counted in predictive models. Plant hormones can improves tolerance against abiotic stresses by inhibiting or reducing the active oxygen species (AOS) accumulation, electrolyte leakage, induce the expression of stress-specific genes, etc. Among the major hormones produced by the plants, ABA, SA, JA and ET are known to play major roles in mediating plant defence response against various abiotic stresses. Typically ABA has major role in contrast to abiotic stresses because environmental condition such as drought, heat stress, cold, chilling, salinity and heavy metals are known to trigger increase in ABA levels. Crosstalk networks among phytohormones mediated by diverse key regulators have been extensively investigated and documented in various research investigations. Many canvasser's recommended the use of phytohormones to counteract abiotic stress because of increasing stress tolerance through conventional breeding methods requires time and a diverse cultivation environment for validation of performance and heritability. In this review, we summarize the roles of the major phyto-hormones present in fruit crops in regulating abiotic stresses responses with special focus on the significance of crosstalk between various hormones at biochemical and molecular level in generating a sophisticated and efficient stress response.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) crop by-products as sources of bioactive compounds

    Gudino I.Martin A.Casquete R.Cordoba M.G....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This study was performed to evaluate different by-products of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) production (leaf, inflorescence and stem) as sources of valuable bioactive compounds, considering different cultivars and states of maturation. The total phenolic and chlorophyll contents as well as the antioxidant, ACE-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities were quantified from the ethanolic extracts of the different broccoli tissues at two different maturation stages from five cultivars (‘TSX 007′, ‘Monaco’, ‘BRO 2047′, ‘Parthenon’ and ‘Summer purple’). The major compounds in ethanolic extracts were identified by HPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS, whereas chlorophylls were determined by UV–vis spectrometry. The leaf extracts showed the highest antioxidant activities and were the best sources of chlorophylls and phenolic compounds, constituting mainly kaempferol and quercetin glucosides. These compounds were more abundant in extracts from the ‘Summer Purple’ variety and commercial state. Glucosinolates were more abundant in the inflorescence extracts, principally in the flower bud state. The stem and inflorescence extracts, mainly from the ‘TSX 007′ variety, showed a strong inhibitory effect on the three bacteria studied (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua), which was related to a higher concentration of fatty acid derivates. The findings suggest that broccoli by-products are useful and value-added products as sources of bioactive compounds, providing a sustainable alternative to reduce residues from this crop.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide identification of WRKY gene family members in black raspberry and their response to abiotic stresses

    Wu Y.Zhang S.Huang X.Lyu L....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022WRKY proteins are transcription factors in higher plants that directly or indirectly participate in plant growth and development, secondary metabolite synthesis, hormonal regulation and other physiological processes with important roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. Black raspberry is an economically important small fruit with nutritious and medicinally valuable fruits, but its production is limited by environmental factors, and information about the role of WRKY genes under abiotic stress remains limited. Here, the WRKY gene family was identified and analyzed with the latest Rubus occidentalis genome data. We identified 60 RoWRKYs, 57 of which were located on 7 chromosomes of black raspberry. According to the phylogenetic analysis, 59 WRKY genes were clearly distributed iamong 3 groups (9 subgroups). Three of 10 conserved motifs were the core conserved domains of the RoWRKY gene family with conserved motif analysis. Subcellular localization predicted 59 WRKY genes in the nucleus, and RT–qPCR showed that 12 WRKY genes were highly expressed in one or more tissues (black fruits and leaves). Moreover, the expression difference at different treatment times indicated that the response of most WRKY transcription factors (TFs) to NaCl and ABA treatment in black raspberry is temporal. This study will provide a scientific basis for further exploration and functional verification of raspberry WRKY genes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mitigating chilling injury of pomegranate fruit skin

    Kaplan Y.Ginzberg I.Mishra V.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Pomegranate cv. Wonderful fruit are susceptible to chilling injury of the peel (CIp) when stored at 7 °C in modified-atmosphere bags for more than 3 months. The damage, manifested as superficial browning, appears first on the fruit skin, i.e., the outer colored layer of the peel. We previously suggested that susceptibility to CIp is associated with downregulation of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE (PAL) in storage, whereas POLYPHENOL OXIDASE (PPO) expression is upregulated. To further explore the role of PPO and PAL in CIp disorder, we monitored their gene expression and enzyme activity in fruit skin collected at three phases of fruit development: premature fruit 7 days before harvest when the fruit is susceptible to CIp disorder; during commercial harvest when fruit skin is aging; and during the following 4 months of storage. In addition, prestorage washing of the fruit with CaCl2 and citric acid solutions, previously shown to reduce CIp incidence in pomegranate and other fruit and to manipulate the PAL-to-PPO ratio, was applied. We determined total phenol content and antioxidative capacity of fruit skin during cold storage, and analyzed the expression of antioxidation-related genes CATALASE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, and GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, and key anthocyanin-biosynthesis genes CHALCONE SYNTHASE, CHALCONE ISOMERASE, and DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE. Results suggested that increased skin susceptibility to CIp is related to high total phenol content, relatively high PAL activity/gene expression, and low anthocyanin levels. Although PPO activity and gene expression increased in cold storage, this pattern was observed in all tissues tested, irrespective of their susceptibility to CIp development. Similarly, no association was evident between antioxidation-related genes’ expression levels and CIp susceptibility. On the other hand, pre-storage treatments with CaCl2 and citric acid mainly decreased CIp incidence associated with increased antioxidation-related gene expression. Hence, the mechanism governing mitigation of CIp development by prestorage washing with CaCl2 and citric acid differs from that observed in native CIp-resistant pomegranate skin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier