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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Proline synthesis and catabolism-related genes synergistically regulate proline accumulation in response to abiotic stresses in grapevines

    Wei T.-L.Wang Z.-X.He Y.-F.Xue S....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Proline is an important osmotic regulator for plants under abiotic stresses. Proline accumulation is regulated by various enzymes, while genes encoding these enzymes have not been fully investigated in grapevines. In this study, we identified four proline biosynthesis-related genes (P5CS1, P5CS2, P5CR and OAT) and two proline catabolism-related genes (PDH and P5CDH) from grapevines, and conducted bioinformatics analysis including protein characteristic, gene structure, phylogenetic relationship and cis-acting element of promoters. Promoter analysis found that cis-acting elements related to stress and phytohormone responsiveness were present in the promoters of these genes. Tissue-specific expression analysis of these genes indicated that P5CS2, OAT and PDH expressed highly in flower, and P5CS1, P5CR and P5CDH had highest expression levels in tendril, berry and leaf respectively. Expression patterns of these genes under abiotic stresses revealed that P5CS1, OAT and PDH could be significantly induced by salt, dehydration, PEG and H2O2 treatments, and P5CDH was significantly suppressed under these stress treatments. By measuring proline accumulation in grapevines, we found that proline content dramatically increased after treatments of salt, dehydration, PEG and H2O2. Our results revealed the molecular responses (especially P5CS1, OAT, PDH and P5CDH) in the proline metabolism pathway to osmotic and oxidative stresses in grapevines, demonstrating that proline synthesis and proline catabolism synergistically regulate proline accumulation in response to abiotic stresses.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Berberine as a promising natural compound to control Penicillium italicum causing blue mold of citrus fruit

    He M.Hong M.Li T.Wang Y....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum is one of the most common diseases in citrus fruit. Berberine from Chinese herb has predominate bioactive effects. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of berberine on P. italicum and the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that berberine displayed excellent efficacy to inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of P. italicum in vitro dose-dependently. Moreover, berberine damaged the plasma membrane integrity, indicated by increased relative conductivity but decreased contents of soluble protein and reducing sugar of P. italicum mycelia. Meanwhile, higher H2O2 content was also observed in berberine-treated P. italicum mycelia. Additionally, berberine suppressed the disease development in citrus fruit through increasing the enzymatic activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and chitinase (CHI) as well as contents of total phenols and flavonoids in citrus peel. Furthermore, gene expression analysis suggested that genes encoding these defense-related enzymes were up-regulated by berberine. These results suggested that berberine could be expected as a new natural strategy to control postharvest diseases of citrus fruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Autophagy is involved in methyl jasmonate-mediated resistance against Botrytis cinerea in postharvest tomato fruit by regulating jasmonate signaling and reactive oxygen species homeostasis

    Min D.Li Z.Fu X.Li F....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Postharvest fruit decay is one of the most important limitations for the fruit industry, which results in tremendous economic losses. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a critical hormone that participates in postharvest fruit disease control, could activate the autophagy pathway in plants, which plays an important role in stress response. To reveal the role of autophagy in MeJA-induced postharvest fruit resistance against Botrytis cinerea, green-mature tomato fruit was treated with 0.05 mmol L?1 MeJA for 12 h after immersing 50 mmol L?1 lithium chloride (LiCl, an activator of autophagy) or 5 mmol L?1 hydroxychloroquine (HCQ, an inhibitor of autophagy), respectively, for 10 min and stored at 25 ± 1 °C for 12 d The results indicated that MeJA treatment induced transcript levels of autophagy-related genes (SlATGs), promoted autophagosome formation, as well as inhibited disease incidence and lesion diameter of postharvest tomato by activating the transcript levels of genes related jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway (SlLOX, SlAOC, SlMYC2, and SlCOI1) and regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, including the increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase and the decreased contents of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. However, the above impacts regulated by MeJA were weakened by HCQ pretreatment and boosted by LiCl pretreatment. Moreover, correlation analysis suggested that disease development was negatively correlated with the transcript levels of genes related to autophagy and JA signaling pathway, especially SlATG13a, SlATG18a, and SlMYC2. The principal component analysis also showed that autophagy was involved in MeJA-induced postharvest fruit quality regulation. Overall, these findings indicated that MeJA treatment enhanced postharvest fruit disease resistance, at least in part, via the JA and autophagy pathway.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of different winter pruning times on table grape vines performance and starch reserves to face climate changes

    Ferrara G.Magarelli A.Palasciano M.Mazzeo A....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In the context of climate change, in which some extreme weather and climate events have increased in frequency and intensity because of global warming, adaptive techniques in viticulture have become necessary to reduce the resulting negative impacts. This study on four table grape cultivars has evaluated the effects of different winter pruning treatments (time of pruning) on phenology, fruit composition and starch content in canes and ≥two-year-old wood. By shifting the pruning time from leaf fall up to budbreak (BBCH 08), a neutral response on yield and berry quality parameters (TSS, TA and pH) was observed for the 4 cultivars. Late pruning treatments resulted in shorter shoot lengths and delayed phenological stages for the early ripening cultivars. The partitioning of starch between canes and older wood was almost similar, although lower in canes, with average values of 13% and a significant reduction at budbreak in order to release soluble sugars for the initial vegetative growth. Starch was mainly located in newly formed xylem, i.e., in the parenchymatic rays where amyloplasts are located, whereas a smaller amount of starch was visible in the other tissues (phloem, cortex). The possibility of a late pruning until over budbreak can be considered a practice to avoid some late spring frost risks, often occurring in viticultural areas. Thus, a ‘precise’ application of winter pruning into a global warming viticulture context could have potential benefits, performing a cost-effective tool management without negative (or very limited for early cultivars) effects on yield and quality of table grapes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of flavonoids and carotenoids in guava pulp with different colors

    Zheng B.Wu H.Ma X.Xu W....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022To understand the forming mechanism of flavonoids and carotenoids in guava pulp with different colors. Based on our previous wide-targeted metabolome analysis, the differences of carotenoids were analyzed by targeted metabolomics, and the molecular mechanism was understood through transcriptomics analysis. The results showed that cyndin-3-O-soproposide and its possible copigments (myricetin, myricitrin, quercetin, quercitrin, etc.) were the main factors that contributed to the color difference between the pink and red guava. The accumulation of these flavonoid components was mainly due to the expression of structural genes C4H, CHS, LDOX, and transcription factors MYB and NAC. β-cryptoxanthin myristate, β-cryptoxanthin palmitate, and rubixanthin palmitate were the main carotenoids leading to the yellow pulp of the yellow cultivar. PDS, ZEP, CHYB, and transcription factors NAC were involved in the accumulation of these carotenoid components. This study provides primary data for further utilization and color regulation of guava.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Insights and advances in integrating multi-omic approaches for potato crop improvement

    Boutsika A.Xanthopoulou A.Ganopoulos I.Mellidou I....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In the forthcoming era of climate change and degradation of culturable land, there is an urgent need to secure global food supply in a sustainable manner. unraveling the genetic mysteries underlying interactions between functional genetic and metabolic networks through fostering the use of high-throughput -omic technologies can serve as a valuable tool towards characterizing plant phenotypic diversity and plasticity, to mitigate current threats of the climate change scenario on agriculture. Recently, a colossal number of -omic studies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics and metagenomics, have enabled the identification of genes, proteins, and metabolites, that are related to desirable phenotypes, explaining the “holo-genetic” basis of agriculturally important traits, especially under resource-limiting environments. Undoubtedly, the integration of such big datasets with machine learning is highly demanding, mainly due to the lack of universal protocols to predict gene models or networks that govern various key traits. Among other important plant species contributing to food production, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) represents one of top crop species worldwide, in terms of nutrition contribution, yielding capacity, and as a component of diverse cropping systems, especially for the developing counties. The potato genome is highly heterozygous as a result of self-incompatibility of the diploid potato species, suffering acute inbreeding depression. In this review, we discuss recent developments of high-throughput genomic technologies, as a useful tool for the selection of potato germplasm with improved nutritional value and quality traits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A simple and efficient method for onion pollen preservation: Germination, dehydration, storage conditions, and seed production

    Fayos O.Mallor C.Garces-Claver A.Echavarri B....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The preservation of viable pollen is essential to overcome the problems related to the asynchronous flowering of the parental lines in onion hybrid breeding programs. The aim of this study was to establish a simple, inexpensive, and easily reproducible protocol for medium-term onion pollen storage. First, the conditions for assessing the in vitro pollen germination were optimized. The liquid medium favored the counting of germination of pollen grains in comparison to the solid medium. The addition of 75 mg/l Ca(NO3)2. 4H2O to the medium did not improve pollen germination, while that of 150 mg/l Ca(NO3)2. 4H2O inhibited pollen germination. The highest germination percentage was achieved by incubation at 30–35 °C in the dark. Second, fresh or dehydrated pollen (maintained in a desiccator with silica gel at 25 °C for 18 h) was stored at 4, –20, and –80 °C for two years to study pollen preservation. In addition, the viability and germination capacity of stored pollen were periodically evaluated at 0, 15 and 30 days; 2 and 6 months; and 1 and 2 years. Pollen viability was best retained at low relative humidity and temperatures below zero. Dehydration was essential for pollen preservation at –20 and –80 °C. The results showed that dehydrated pollen stored at –20 °C could be used, with guarantees, for pollination throughout the flowering season. However, the highest viability and in vitro germination percentages after two years of storage (29 and 32%, respectively) were achieved with dehydrated pollen stored at –80 °C. Finally, the capacity of stored pollen to produce seeds was confirmed in crosses with male sterile lines. In this way, dehydrated pollen stored at –80 °C for two years produced an average of 47.9 seeds/100 flowers, representing 43% of the seed in the control crosses. This is the first report in onion research of seed production after pollination with preserved pollen at –80 °C for two years.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physiological and biochemical assay of drought stress responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) inoculated with commercial inoculant of Azotobacter chroococum and Azotobacter vinelandii

    Kiran S.Furtana G.B.Ellialtioglu S.S.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The aim of this study is to examine the effects of commercial rhizobacteria inoculant on eggplant plants grown under drought stress conditions. Commercial inoculant containing Azotobacter chroococum and Azotobacter vinelandii rhizobacteria species was applied to eggplant plants by root inoculation and the plants were exposed to different levels of drought stress (moderate drought stress-MS and severe drought stress-SS). To determine the growth-promoting ability of inoculation with rhizobacteria, changes in plant morphology (shoot-root fresh and dry weights, shoot length and diameter) and physiology (relative water content-RWC, stomatal conductivity-gs, K, Ca, Mg and Na accumulations in shoot and root, photosynthetic pigment contents) were investigated. To determine the impacts of the inoculant on the potential of increasing the drought tolerance of eggplant, besides the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), non-enzymatic antioxidant activities such as antochiyanin, total phenolic substance, proline were investigated. In addition, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were analyzed to resolve whether drought stress causes oxidative damage in eggplant. The increase in the severity of drought caused a decrease in plant growth and shoot-root fresh and dry weights. Nevertheless, these adverse effects of drought stress were alleviated by inoculation. Decreased RWC, gs values of plants under drought stress, and especially K, Ca and Mg accumulations and protein contents in the root increased significantly with inoculation. On the other hand, Chlorophyll (Chl) (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a + b) and carotenoid contents were significantly increased in leaves under uninoculated MS and SS. Inoculation with rhizobacteria reduced the increase in photosynthetic pigment contents. Depending on the severity of stress, higher levels of total phenolic compounds and proline were accumulated in inoculated plants compared to uninoculated plants. However, higher SOD, CAT, and GR enzymatic activities were observed in inoculated stressed plants, and membrane lipid peroxidation was reduced. These results were found to be important in that the commercial bacterial inoculant has the potential to diminish the negative effects of drought stress in eggplant and supports the stress tolerance of the plant by mitigating the drought-related oxidative damage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Identification of QTLs controlling cold tolerance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings

    Li C.Dong S.Liu X.Liu D....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), an essential and economically important vegetable crop, is sensitive to cold stress. Cucumber seedlings exposed to extreme cold stress seriously reduce cucumber yield, however, few cold-tolerant genes have been identified yet. In this study, a 186 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population constructed by crossing two inbred lines, cold-tolerant ‘CG104’ and cold-sensitive ‘CG37’, was used to identify loci associated with cold tolerance in cucumber seedlings. Genetic analysis of the chilling injury index (CII) of the RILs population showed that cold tolerance in cucumber seedlings was quantitatively inherited. One QTL named qCT6.1 was repeatedly detected. It was delimited by two flanking markers (6SSR13741 and 6SSR19970) and explained 6.2% and 11.0% of the phenotypic variation in two different experiments, respectively. Furthermore, the qCT6.1 was delimited to a 271.99 kb region (flanking markers Indel8 and Indel9) using 1500 F2 individuals, containing 41 annotated genes. Via sequence and expression analysis, we speculated that CsaV3_6G042810, encoding AP2/B3-domain, was likely to be the candidate gene regulating cucumber cold tolerance. These results provide insight into the genetic basis of cucumber cold tolerance and lay a solid basis for enhancing molecular breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of photo-selective nets and air humidity coupling on tomato resistance to Botrytis cinerea

    Li T.Zhou J.Liu R.Yuan Z....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Light quality and air humidity play a vital role in plant-pathogen interactions, which profoundly affect the occurrence of crop disease. However, the effect of light quality and air humidity coupling on the interactions between tomato and Botrytis cinerea remains unclear. In this study, 2 humidity levels and 3 colors of photo-selective nets were used to determine the infection process of B. cinerea and the response of plants to pathogen infection. Results showed that low air humidity inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, and red and blue nets could effectively delay the formation time of pathogen infection structure and reduce the disease incidence. Under high humidity, the reduction of net photosynthetic rate of infected plants was caused by non-stomatal restriction, whereas the changes in light quality by red net reduced the damage of pathogen to tomato photosynthetic structure and improved the photosynthetic capacity of tomatoes. Low air humidity and red net coupling (LR) treatment slowed down the decline of Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ and qP; inhibited the increase of malonaldehyde and reactive oxygen contents; increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in tomato plants; and promoted the quality and yield of fruits. The LR treatment inhibited the infection process of B. cinerea, alleviated the disease severity, improved the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities, and maintained the fruit quality and yield of tomatoes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier